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Zhang F, Duan Z, Chen Q, Wang X, Li H, Tao Z, Chen Z, Yu G, Yu H. Molecular characterization, expression and immune functional analysis of cystatin 10 in turbot. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:709. [PMID: 38824265 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09634-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystatin is a protease inhibitor that also regulates genes expression linked to inflammation and plays a role in defense and regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Cystatin 10 (Smcys10) was cloned from Scophthalmus maximus and encodes a 145 amino acid polypeptide. The results of qRT-PCR showed that Smcys10 exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns, and its expression was significantly higher in the skin than in other tissues. The expression level of Smcys10 was significantly different in the skin, gill, head kidney, spleen and macrophages after Vibrio anguillarum infection, indicating that Smcys10 may play an important role in resistance to V. anguillarum infection. The recombinant Smcys10 protein showed binding and agglutinating activity in a Ca2+-dependent manner against bacteria. rSmcys10 treatment upregulated the expression of IL-10, TNF-α and TGF-β in macrophages of turbot and hindered the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from macrophages after V. anguillarum infection, which confirmed that rSmcys10 reduced the damage to macrophages by V. anguillarum. The NF-κB pathway was suppressed by Smcys10, as demonstrated by dual-luciferase analysis. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that Smcys10 is involved in the host antibacterial immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Zhixiang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Qiannan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Xuangang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Hengshun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Ze Tao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Zhentao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Gan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
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Du R, Zheng X, Liu Y, Lu P, Hong Y, Wang P. Molecular and functional characterization of a type-1 cystatin in amphioxus (Branchiostoma japonicum). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 147:109423. [PMID: 38341117 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cystatins comprise a vast superfamily of evolutionary conserved proteins, predominantly recognized for their roles as endogenous inhibitors by regulating the activity of cysteine proteases. Emerging lines of research evidence also provides insight into their alternative roles in a spectrum of biological and pathological processes, including neurodegenerative disorders, tumor progression, inflammatory diseases, and immune response. Nowadays, various type-1 cystatins (stefins) have been demonstrated among a variety of discovered vertebrate groups, while little is known about the related homologue in cephalochordate amphioxus, which are repositioned at the base of the chordate phylum. In the present study, a single type-1 cystatin homologue in Branchiostoma japonicum was first successfully cloned and designated as Bjcystatin-1. The deduced Bjcystatin-1 protein is structurally characterized by the presence of typical wedge-shaped cystatin features, including the 'QxVxG' and 'Px' motif, as well as the conserved N-terminal glycine residue. Phylogenomic analyses utilizing different cystatin counterparts affirmed the close evolutionary relationship of Bjcystatin-1 and type-1 cystatin homologue. Bjcystatin-1 was predominantly expressed in the gills and hind-gut in a tissue-specific pattern, and its expression was remarkably up-regulated in response to challenge with bacteria or their signature molecules LPS and LTA, suggesting the involvement in immune response. Additionally, the recombinant Bjcystatin-1 (rBjcystatin-1) protein showed significant inhibitory activity towards papain and binding ability to LPS and LTA, indicating its hypothesized role as a pattern recognition receptor in immune response. Subcellular localization results also showed that Bjcystatin-1 was located in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and its overexpression could attenuate the activation of LPS-induced nuclear transcription factors NF-κB. Taken together, our study suggests that amphioxus Bjcystatin-1 acts as a dual role in protease inhibitor and an immunocompetent factor, providing new insights into the immune defense effect of type-1 cystatin in amphioxus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghuan Du
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xian Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yudan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Pei Lu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yuxiang Hong
- Zhejiang Fangyuan Testing Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310020, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Kodagoda YK, Liyanage DS, Omeka WKM, Kim G, Kim J, Lee J. Identification, expression profiling, and functional characterization of cystatin C from big-belly seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:108804. [PMID: 37207886 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cystatins are natural inhibitors of lysosomal cysteine proteases, including cathepsins B, L, H, and S. Cystatin C (CSTC) is a member of the type 2 cystatin family and is an essential biomarker in the prognosis of several diseases. Emerging evidence suggests the immune regulatory roles of CSTC in antigen presentation, the release of different inflammatory mediators, and apoptosis in various pathophysiologies. In this study, the 390-bp cystatin C (HaCSTC) cDNA from big-belly seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis) was cloned and characterized by screening the pre-established cDNA library. Based on similarities in sequence, HaCSTC is a homolog of the teleost type 2 cystatin family with putative catalytic cystatin domains, signal peptides, and disulfide bonds. HaCSTC transcripts were ubiquitously expressed in all tested big-belly seahorse tissues, with the highest expression in ovaries. Immune challenge with lipopolysaccharides, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, Edwardsiella tarda, and Streptococcus iniae caused significant upregulation in HaCSTC transcript levels. Using a pMAL-c5X expression vector, the 14.29-kDa protein of recombinant HaCSTC (rHaCSTC) was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), and its protease inhibitory activity against papain cysteine protease was determined with the aid of a protease substrate. Papain was competitively blocked by rHaCSTC in a dose-dependent manner. In response to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infection, HaCSTC overexpression strongly decreased the expression of VHSV transcripts, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and pro-apoptotic genes; while increasing the expression of anti-apoptotic genes in fathead minnow (FHM) cells. Furthermore, HaCSTC overexpression protected VHSV-infected FHM cells against VHSV-induced apoptosis and increased cell viability. Our findings imply the profound role of HaCSTC against pathogen infections by modulating fish immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasara Kavindi Kodagoda
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - D S Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - W K M Omeka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Gaeun Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongeun Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea; Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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