Long non-coding RNA LTCONS7822 positively regulates innate immunity by targeting MITA in miiuy croaker (Miichthys miiuy)

Linc20486 promotes BmCPV replication through inhibiting the transcription of AGO2 and Dicers

The silkworm holds pivotal economic importance, serving not only as a primary source of silk but also as a prominent model organism in scientific research. Nonetheless, silkworm farming remains vulnerable to diverse factors, with viral infections posing the gravest threat to the sericulture industry. Among these, the Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (BmCPV), a member of the Reoviridae family and the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus genus, emerges as a significant pathogen in silkworm production. BmCPV infection primarily induces midgut sepsis in silkworms, spreads rapidly, and can inflict substantial economic losses on sericulture production. Presently, effective strategies for preventing and treating BmCPV infections are lacking. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) constitutes a class of RNA molecules with transcripts exceeding 200 nt, playing a crucial role in mediating the interplay between pathogens and host cells. Investigation through high-throughput technology has unveiled that BmCPV infection markedly upregulates the expression of Linc20486. This observation suggests potential involvement of Linc20486 in regulating virus replication. Indeed, as anticipated, knockdown of Linc20486 in cells profoundly impedes BmCPV replication, whereas overexpression significantly enhances virus propagation. To probe into the mechanism underlying Linc20486's impact on virus replication, its effects on autophagy, innate immunity, and RNAi-related pathways were scrutinized. The findings revealed that Linc20486 exerts significant influence on the expression of RNAi pathway-related genes, such as Dicer1, Dicer2 and AGO2. This discovery holds promise for unveiling novel avenues to comprehend and combat BmCPV infections in silkworms.

Exosomal ncRNAs facilitate interactive 'dialogue' between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages

As a biological carrier, exosomes participate in the communication between various kinds of cells, and can mediate the interactive 'dialogue' between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs are the most abundant cell population in the tumor stroma and are an important part of the tumor immune microenvironment. Various stimulating factors in the tumor microenvironment influence the polarization of TAMs into multiple phenotypes, such as M1 and M2. It plays a dual role in tumor immunity by both promoting and inhibiting tumor growth. Exosome-encapsulated non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) participate in the interactive 'dialogue' between exosome-mediated TAMs and tumor cells. Tumor-derived exosomal ncRNAs can promote macrophage polarization, whereas exosomal ncRNAs derived from TAMs can affect tumor proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and chemotherapy resistance. The present review summarizes the dual effects of exosomal ncRNAs on tumor cells and TAMs, and discusses the application of exosomal ncRNAs as a potential diagnostic or prognostic marker and drug delivery system, to provide a new perspective and potential therapeutic drugs on targeting exosomes and macrophages in the treatment of tumors.