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Peng B, Lin J, Wan H, Zou P, Zhang Z, Wang Y. Identification of toll-like receptor family and the immune function of new Sptlr-6 gene of Scylla paramamosain. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 149:109609. [PMID: 38705549 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
As a crucial member of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), the Tolls/Toll-like receptors (TLRs) gene family has been proven to be involved in innate immunity in crustaceans. In this study, nine members of TLR gene family were identified from the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) transcriptome, and the structure and phylogeny of different SpTLRs were analyzed. It was found that different SpTLRs possessed three conserved structures in the TIR domain. Meanwhile, the expression patterns of different Sptlr genes in examined tissues detected by qRT-PCR had wide differences. Compared with other Sptlr genes, Sptlr-6 gene was significantly highly expressed in the hepatopancreas and less expressed in other tissues. Therefore, the function of Sptlr-6 was further investigated. The expression of the Sptlr-6 gene was up-regulated by Poly I: C, PGN stimulation and Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. In addition, the silencing of Sptlr-6 in hepatopancreas mediated by RNAi technology resulted in the significant decrease of several conserved genes involved in innate immunity in mud crab after V. parahaemolyticus infection, including relish, myd88, dorsal, anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF), anti-lipopolysaccharide factor 2 (ALF-2) and glycine-rich antimicrobial peptide (glyamp). This study provided new knowledge for the role of the Sptlr-6 gene in defense against V. parahaemolyticus infection in S. paramamosain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jiaming Lin
- Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen, 361100, China
| | - Haifu Wan
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Pengfei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ziping Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Yilei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Lin J, Wan H, Xue H, He Y, Peng B, Zhang Z, Wang Y. Transcriptomics reveals different response mechanisms of Litopenaeus vannamei hemocytes to injection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and WSSV. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 50:101201. [PMID: 38340389 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
As the most important cultural crustacean species worldwide, studies about Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) have received more attention. It has been well-documented that various pathogens could infect L. vannamei, resulting in huge economic losses. The studies about the responding mechanism of L. vannamei to sole pathogens such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus and white spot virus (WSSV) have been extensively reported, while the studies about the differently responding mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we identified the differently expressed genes (DEGs) of L. vannamei hemocytes post V. parahaemolyticus and WSSV infection with RNA-seq technology and compared the DEGs between the two groups. The results showed 2672 DEGs post the V. parahaemolyticus challenge (1079 up-regulated and 1593 down-regulated genes), while 1146 DEGs post the WSSV challenge (1067 up-regulated and 513 down-regulated genes). In addition, we screened the genes that simultaneously respond to WSSV and V. parahaemolyticus (434), solely respond to WSSV (1146), and V. parahaemolyticus challenge (2238), respectively. Six DEGs involved in innate immunity were quantified to validate the RNA-seq results, and the results confirmed the high consistency of both methods. Furthermore, we found plenty of innate immunity-related genes that responded to V. parahaemolyticus and WSSV infection, including pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), the proPO activating system, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and other immunity-related proteins. The results revealed that they were differently expressed after different pathogen challenges, demonstrating the complex and specific recognition systems involved in defending against the invasion of different pathogens in the environment. The present study improved our understanding of the molecular response of hemocytes of L. vannamei to V. parahaemolyticus and WSSV stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Lin
- College of Marine Biology, Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361100, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Fishery, Xiamen 361100, China
| | - Haifu Wan
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Haibo Xue
- College of Marine Biology, Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361100, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Fishery, Xiamen 361100, China
| | - Yibin He
- College of Marine Biology, Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361100, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Fishery, Xiamen 361100, China
| | - Bohao Peng
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ziping Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yilei Wang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Zhang T, Zhou Y, Wen H, Ma X, Xu D. Integrated analysis of physiological, transcriptome, and metabolome analyses of the gills in Solenaia oleivora under ammonia exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 271:115949. [PMID: 38219616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.115949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Ammonia is a common toxicant in aquatic systems and one of the key factors affecting aquaculture. However, data on mollusks' toxic response and coping mechanisms to ammonia nitrogen, especially freshwater mollusks, are still lacking. In this study, we evaluated the tolerance of a freshwater mollusk Solenaia oleivora to ammonia and investigated its coping mechanisms by combining physiological, metabolic, and transcriptomic analyses in the gills. The acute toxicity test revealed that the LC50-96 h (temperature-20 ℃, pH-7.4) of ammonia in S. oleivora was 63.29 mg/L. The physiological and TUNEL results showed that although 10 mg/L ammonia exposure increased the activities of antioxidant, immune and ammonia detoxification-related enzymes, it still caused oxidative damage and cell apoptosis of gill tissues. A total of 97 differential metabolites (DMs) and 3431 differential expressed genes (DEGs) were identified after ammonia stress. Among them, most DMs and DEGs were involved in immune response, antioxidant, cell apoptosis, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism. The enhancement of glycolysis and lipid metabolisms may provide energy for immune response and ammonia detoxification. In addition, glutamine synthesis, alanine synthesis and urea cycle were involved in ammonia nitrogen detoxification in the gill tissue of S. oleivora. Our results indicate that ammonia leads to individual death in S. oleivora, as wells as oxidative damage, cell apoptosis, immune response, and metabolic changes of gill tissues. The findings will provide valuable information to assess the potential ecological risk of environmental ammonia to freshwater mollusks and theoretical guidance for the healthy aquaculture of S. oleivora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Haibo Wen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Xueyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Dongpo Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
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Wang Q, Zhou X, Jin Q, Zhu F. Effects of the aquatic pollutant sulfamethoxazole on the innate immunity and antioxidant capacity of the mud crab Scylla paramamosain. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140775. [PMID: 38013024 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) is commonly used in aquaculture to treat bacterial infections, but its long-term residual properties in natural water can pose a direct threat to aquatic animals. This study is to investigate the effects of continuous exposure to SMZ on mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain) at four different concentrations (0, 10, 100, and 1000 ng/L) that reflect the range found in natural aquatic environments. The results confirmed that SMZ exposure reduced the expression levels of genes related to the innate immunity in mud crabs, including JAK, Astakine, TLR, and Crustin. It also stimulated oxidative stress, caused the production of reactive oxygen species and lower activities of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione. SMZ exposure damaged the DNA of crab hemocytes and hepatopancreas tissue, and reduced the phagocytosis, ultimately leading to a decreased survival rates of mud crabs infected with Vibrio alginolyticus. These findings demonstrate that SMZ exposure has immunotoxic effects on mud crabs' innate immunity and reduces the ability to resist pathogen infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Qingri Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 311399, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Ge Y, Wang Z, Chen X, Wang W, Liu Z, Sun H, Zhang L. Comparative Toxicological Effects of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and Its Alternative 6:2 Chlorinated Polyfluorinated Ether Sulfonate on Earthworms. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:170-181. [PMID: 37861387 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
High levels of 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F-53B), which is a substitute for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), are detected in various environmental matrices, wildlife, and humans. Chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate has received increased attention due to its potential risk to ecosystems. However, its toxicity in the soil organisms remains unclear. In the present study, a comparative investigation was conducted on the toxicities of 6:2 Chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F-53B) and PFOS to the earthworm Eisenia. fetida. F-53B was significantly more acutely toxic to earthworms than PFOS, with median lethal concentrations of 1.43 and 1.83 mmol/kg dry soil (~816 and 984 mg/kg dry soil), respectively. Although both F-53B and PFOS, at 0.4 mmol/kg dry soil (=228 and 215 mg/kg dry soil) caused oxidative stress in earthworms, as evidenced by increased superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities as well as malondialdehyde level, the stress caused by F-53B was higher than that caused by PFOS. In transcriptomic and metabolomic studies, negative effects of PFOS and F-53B were observed on several metabolic processes in earthworms, including protein digestion and amino acid absorption, lipid metabolism, and the immune response. Compared with PFOS, F-53B exhibited a weaker disruption of lipid metabolism, comparable potency for toxicity to the immune response, and a stronger potency in extracellular matrix destruction along with apoptosis and ferroptosis induction. Hence, our data suggest that F-53B is more toxic than PFOS to earthworms. The findings provide some new insights into the potential toxicity of F-53B to soil organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:170-181. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Ge
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuelu Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenying Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lianying Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Gu Y, Zhu L, Wang X, Li H, Hou L, Kong X. Research progress of pattern recognition receptors in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109028. [PMID: 37633345 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Though Procambarus clarkii (red swamp crayfish) is a lower invertebrate, it has nonetheless developed a complex innate immune system. The crayfish farming industry has suffered considerable economic losses in recent years as a consequence of bacterial and viral diseases. Hence, perhaps the most effective ways to prevent microbial infections in P. clarkii are to examine and elucidate its innate immunity. The first step in the immune response is to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs are expressed mainly on immune cell surfaces and recognize at least one PAMP. Thence, downstream immune responses are activated and pathogens are phagocytosed. To date, the PRRs identified in P. clarkii include Toll-like receptors (TLRs), lectins, fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs), and β-1,3-glucan-binding proteins (BGRPs). The present review addresses recent progress in research on PRRs and aims to provide guidance for improving immunity and preventing and treating infectious diseases in P. clarkii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Gu
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Xinru Wang
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Libo Hou
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Xianghui Kong
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
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