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Wang J, Xie X, Liu Y, Liu J, Liang X, Wang H, Li G, Xue M. Growth, Antioxidant Capacity, and Liver Health in Largemouth Bass ( Micropterus salmoides) Fed Multi-Strain Yeast-Based Paraprobiotic: A Lab-to-Pilot Scale Evaluation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:792. [PMID: 39061860 PMCID: PMC11274158 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A multi-strain yeast-based paraprobiotic (MsYbP) comprising inactive cells and polysaccharides (β-glucan, mannan oligosaccharides, and oligosaccharides) derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Cyberlindnera jadinii could ensure optimal growth and health in farmed fish. This study assessed the impact of an MsYbP on the growth, immune responses, antioxidant capacities, and liver health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) through lab-scale (65 days) and pilot-scale (15 weeks) experiments. Two groups of fish were monitored: one fed a control diet without the MsYbP and another fed 0.08% and 0.1% MsYbP in the lab-scale and pilot-scale studies, respectively (referred to as YANG). In the lab-scale study, four replicates were conducted, with 20 fish per replicate (average initial body weight = 31.0 ± 0.8 g), while the pilot-scale study involved three replicates with approximately 1500 fish per replicate (average initial body weight = 80.0 ± 2.2 g). The results indicate that the MsYbP-fed fish exhibited a significant increase in growth in both studies (p < 0.05). Additionally, the dietary MsYbP led to a noteworthy reduction in the liver function parameters (p < 0.05), such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and hepatic nuclear density, indicating improved liver health. Furthermore, the dietary MsYbP elevated the antioxidative capacity of the fish by reducing their malondialdehyde levels and increasing their levels and gene expressions related to antioxidative markers, such as total antioxidant ca-pacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (nrf2) and kelch-1ike ech-associated protein (keap1) in both studies (p < 0.05). In terms of hepatic immune responses, the lab-scale study showed an increase in inflammation-related gene expressions, such as interleukin-1β (il-1β) and transforming growth factor β1 (tgf-β1), while the pilot-scale study significantly suppressed the expressions of genes related to inflammatory responses, such as tumor necrosis factor α (tnfα) and interleukin-10 (il-10) (p < 0.05). In summary, our findings underscore the role of dietary multi-strain yeast-based paraprobiotics in enhancing the growth and liver health of largemouth bass, potentially through increased antioxidative capacity and the modulation of immune responses, emphasizing the significance of employing yeast-based paraprobiotics in commercial conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.W.); (X.X.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Xiaoze Xie
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.W.); (X.X.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Yangyang Liu
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.W.); (X.X.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.W.); (X.X.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Xiaofang Liang
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.W.); (X.X.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Hao Wang
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.W.); (X.X.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Gang Li
- National Fisheries Technology Extension Center, Beijing 100125, China;
| | - Min Xue
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.W.); (X.X.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (H.W.)
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Giri SS, Kim SG, Jung WJ, Lee SB, Lee YM, Jo SJ, Hwang MH, Park JH, Kim JH, Saha S, Sukumaran V, Park SC. Dietary Syzygium cumini leaf extract influences growth performance, immunological responses and gene expression in pathogen-challenged Cyprinus carpio. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023:108830. [PMID: 37244318 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of jamun leaf extract (JLE) as a feed supplement on growth performance, haemato-immunological, oxidative stress-related parameters, and cytokine gene expression in Cyprinus carpio challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila.. Diets containing four different JLE concentrations, that is, 0 (basal diet), 5 (JLE5), 10 (JLE10), and 15 g kg-1 (JLE15), were fed to carp (6.27 ± 0.43 g) for eight weeks. Growth performance was significantly higher in JLE10. Haemato-immunological and antioxidant parameters were determined in fish at 48 h post-challenge with A. hydrohila. The cumulative survival was highest in JLE10 (69.69%) 14 days post-challenge. Serum protein (2.18 ± 0.06 g dL-1), lysozyme (32.38 ± 1.2 U mL-1), alternative complement pathway (70.43 ± 1.61 U mL-1), phagocytic activity (21.18 ± 0.48%), respiratory burst activity (0.289 ± 0.09 OD630nm), and immunoglobulin levels (6.67 ± 0.36 U mg mL-1) were significantly higher in JLE10 than in the control. Serum alanine aminotransferase (44.06 ± 1.62 Unit mL-1), aspartate aminotransferase (31.58 ± 1.82 Unit mL-1), and malondialdehyde (2.57 ± 0.26 nmol mL-1) levels were lower in JLE10 than in the control (p < 0.05), whereas myeloperoxidase activity was significantly higher in JLE5 and JLE10 than in the control. Superoxide dismutase levels in the serum were higher (p < 0.05) in JLE5 and JLE10 than in the other groups. Gene expression analysis revealed that the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β was upregulated (p < 0.05) in the liver, head-kidney, and intestine of challenged carp in JLE10. The signalling molecule NF-κB p65 was upregulated in lymphoid organs in JLE10 but not in the liver. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was significantly downregulated in challenged carp in JLE10 compared with that in the control. Quadratic regression analysis showed that optimal dietary JLE was estimated to be 9.03-10.15 g kg-1 to maximize the growth performance. Results of the present study revealed that dietary JLE at 10 g kg-1 can significantly improve the immunity and disease resistance of C. carpio. Thus, JLE is a promising food additive for carp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Sang Guen Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Won Joon Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sung Bin Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Young Min Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Su Jin Jo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Mae Hyun Hwang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jae Hong Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Subrata Saha
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Venkatachalam Sukumaran
- Department of Zoology, Kundavai Nachiyar Government Arts College for Women (Autonomous), Thanjavur, 613007, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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