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Kravchenko SV, Domnin PA, Grishin SY, Zakhareva AP, Zakharova AA, Mustaeva LG, Gorbunova EY, Kobyakova MI, Surin AK, Poshvina DV, Fadeev RS, Azev VN, Ostroumova OS, Ermolaeva SA, Galzitskaya OV. Optimizing Antimicrobial Peptide Design: Integration of Cell-Penetrating Peptides, Amyloidogenic Fragments, and Amino Acid Residue Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6030. [PMID: 38892216 PMCID: PMC11173194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalating threat of multidrug-resistant pathogens necessitates innovative approaches to combat infectious diseases. In this study, we examined peptides R23FS*, V31KS*, and R44KS*, which were engineered to include an amyloidogenic fragment sourced from the S1 protein of S. aureus, along with one or two cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) components. We assessed the antimicrobial efficacy of these peptides in a liquid medium against various strains of both Gram-positive bacteria, including S. aureus (209P and 129B strains), MRSA (SA 180 and ATCC 43300 strains), and B. cereus (strain IP 5832), and Gram-negative bacteria such as P. aeruginosa (ATCC 28753 and 2943 strains) and E. coli (MG1655 and K12 strains). Peptides R23FS*, V31KS*, and R44KS* exhibited antimicrobial activity comparable to gentamicin and meropenem against all tested bacteria at concentrations ranging from 24 to 48 μM. The peptides showed a stronger antimicrobial effect against B. cereus. Notably, peptide R44KS* displayed high efficacy compared to peptides R23FS* and V31KS*, particularly evident at lower concentrations, resulting in significant inhibition of bacterial growth. Furthermore, modified peptides V31KS* and R44KS* demonstrated enhanced inhibitory effects on bacterial growth across different strains compared to their unmodified counterparts V31KS and R44KS. These results highlight the potential of integrating cell-penetrating peptides, amyloidogenic fragments, and amino acid residue modifications to advance the innovation in the field of antimicrobial peptides, thereby increasing their effectiveness against a broad spectrum of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Kravchenko
- Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Biology (X-BIO), Tyumen State University, 625003 Tyumen, Russia; (S.V.K.); (A.P.Z.); (D.V.P.)
| | - Pavel A. Domnin
- Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Gamaleya Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sergei Y. Grishin
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (S.Y.G.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Alena P. Zakhareva
- Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Biology (X-BIO), Tyumen State University, 625003 Tyumen, Russia; (S.V.K.); (A.P.Z.); (D.V.P.)
| | - Anastasiia A. Zakharova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.Z.); (O.S.O.)
| | - Leila G. Mustaeva
- The Branch of the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (L.G.M.); (E.Y.G.); (V.N.A.)
| | - Elena Y. Gorbunova
- The Branch of the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (L.G.M.); (E.Y.G.); (V.N.A.)
| | - Margarita I. Kobyakova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (M.I.K.); (R.S.F.)
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexey K. Surin
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (S.Y.G.); (A.K.S.)
- The Branch of the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (L.G.M.); (E.Y.G.); (V.N.A.)
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 142279 Obolensk, Russia
| | - Darya V. Poshvina
- Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Biology (X-BIO), Tyumen State University, 625003 Tyumen, Russia; (S.V.K.); (A.P.Z.); (D.V.P.)
| | - Roman S. Fadeev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (M.I.K.); (R.S.F.)
| | - Viacheslav N. Azev
- The Branch of the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (L.G.M.); (E.Y.G.); (V.N.A.)
| | - Olga S. Ostroumova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.Z.); (O.S.O.)
| | | | - Oxana V. Galzitskaya
- Gamaleya Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (S.Y.G.); (A.K.S.)
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (M.I.K.); (R.S.F.)
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Huang S, Su G, Jiang S, Chen L, Huang J, Yang F. New N-Terminal Fatty-Acid-Modified Melittin Analogs with Potent Biological Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:867. [PMID: 38255940 PMCID: PMC10815238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Melittin, a natural antimicrobial peptide, has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. This has resulted in it gaining increasing attention as a potential antibiotic alternative; however, its practical use has been limited by its weak antimicrobial activity, high hemolytic activity, and low proteolytic stability. In this study, N-terminal fatty acid conjugation was used to develop new melittin-derived lipopeptides (MDLs) to improve the characteristics of melittin. Our results showed that compared with native melittin, the antimicrobial activity of MDLs was increased by 2 to 16 times, and the stability of these MDLs against trypsin and pepsin degradation was increased by 50 to 80%. However, the hemolytic activity of the MDLs decreased when the length of the carbon chain of fatty acids exceeded 10. Among the MDLs, the newly designed analog Mel-C8 showed optimal antimicrobial activity and protease stability. The antimicrobial mechanism studied revealed that the MDLs showed a rapid bactericidal effect by interacting with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and penetrating the bacterial cell membrane. In conclusion, we designed and synthesized a new class of MDLs with potent antimicrobial activity, high proteolytic stability, and low hemolytic activity through N-terminal fatty acid conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Huang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.H.); (L.C.)
| | - Guoqi Su
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.H.); (L.C.)
| | - Shan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.H.); (L.C.)
| | - Li Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.H.); (L.C.)
| | - Jinxiu Huang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.H.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Feiyun Yang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.H.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing 402460, China
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