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Ghemrawi M, Tejero NF, Duncan G, McCord B. Pyrosequencing: Current forensic methodology and future applications-a review. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:298-312. [PMID: 36168852 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of small, single-amplicon-based benchtop systems for pyrosequencing has opened up a host of novel procedures for applications in forensic science. Pyrosequencing is a sequencing by synthesis technique, based on chemiluminescent inorganic pyrophosphate detection. This review explains the pyrosequencing workflow and illustrates the step-by-step chemistry, followed by a description of the assay design and factors to keep in mind for an exemplary assay. Existing and potential forensic applications are highlighted using this technology. Current applications include identifying species, identifying bodily fluids, and determining smoking status. We also review progress in potential applications for the future, including research on distinguishing monozygotic twins, detecting alcohol and drug abuse, and other phenotypic characteristics such as diet and body mass index. Overall, the versatility of the pyrosequencing technologies renders it a useful tool in forensic genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Ghemrawi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Nicole Fernandez Tejero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - George Duncan
- Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, Florida, USA
| | - Bruce McCord
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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2
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Ghemrawi M, Fischinger F, Duncan G, Dukes MJ, Guilliano M, McCord B. Developmental validation of SpeID: A pyrosequencing-based assay for species identification. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2021; 55:102560. [PMID: 34507077 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2021.102560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In crime scenes, biological exhibits are often human in origin, yet biological stains from other fauna may also be present at a crime scene, creating confusion during an investigation. Furthermore, identifying the source of a biological sample can be critical during an investigation. To identify the presence of biological material from non-human sources, it is common to use genetic markers within mitochondrial DNA such as cytochrome b, 16S rRNA, and 12S rRNA genes. This process usually requires DNA sequencing, a process that is neither quick nor easy. In general, a faster, more standardized method for species identification from tissue and body fluids is desirable.For this reason, we have developed a vertebrate specific real-time quantitation method that is followed by an automated pyrosequencing-based procedure that sequences a short fragment within the 12S rRNA gene. Using no more than 35 bases, the assay can distinguish between 32 different species commonly found in and around a household with a turnaround time of 6 h from extraction to sequencing. -Using this procedure, up to 48 samples can be run at a time without the need for expensive reagents or bioinformatic skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Ghemrawi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | | | - George Duncan
- Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, Fl 33004, United State
| | | | | | - Bruce McCord
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
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Bose N, Carlberg K, Sensabaugh G, Erlich H, Calloway C. Target capture enrichment of nuclear SNP markers for massively parallel sequencing of degraded and mixed samples. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Bus MM, Karas O, Allen M. Multiplex pyrosequencing of InDel markers for forensic DNA analysis. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:3039-3045. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M. Bus
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ognjen Karas
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Marie Allen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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Forensic Analysis of Mitochondrial and Autosomal Markers Using Pyrosequencing®. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1315:379-96. [PMID: 26103912 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2715-9_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Forensic casework analyses often face challenges, such as limited genetic material with or without fragmentation and damage. To compensate for low amounts and degradation, shorter amplicons are often applied in the analysis. Also, a change of markers might be necessary using mitochondrial instead of autosomal markers. In addition, forensic research often involves analysis of large number of samples for marker evaluation and population-database compilation. Therefore, a flexible, robust but also rapid method for the detection of variation is highly useful. Pyrosequencing(®) is a rapid, reliable, easy-to-use method for sequence analysis. The method is well suited for rapid forensic analysis of a few targets or analysis of a single target in many samples. It allows sequencing of very short amplicons, which facilitates analysis of degraded DNA. Here we present the use of Pyrosequencing, a robust method for sensitive forensic analysis of mitochondrial DNA, autosomal STRs, and Y-chromosome STRs and SNPs.
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Bodner M, Iuvaro A, Strobl C, Nagl S, Huber G, Pelotti S, Pettener D, Luiselli D, Parson W. Helena, the hidden beauty: Resolving the most common West Eurasian mtDNA control region haplotype by massively parallel sequencing an Italian population sample. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2014; 15:21-6. [PMID: 25303789 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of mitochondrial (mt)DNA is a powerful tool in forensic genetics when nuclear markers fail to give results or maternal relatedness is investigated. The mtDNA control region (CR) contains highly condensed variation and is therefore routinely typed. Some samples exhibit an identical haplotype in this restricted range. Thus, they convey only weak evidence in forensic queries and limited phylogenetic information. However, a CR match does not imply that also the mtDNA coding regions are identical or samples belong to the same phylogenetic lineage. This is especially the case for the most frequent West Eurasian CR haplotype 263G 315.1C 16519C, which is observed in various clades within haplogroup H and occurs at a frequency of 3-4% in many European populations. In this study, we investigated the power of massively parallel complete mtGenome sequencing in 29 Italian samples displaying the most common West Eurasian CR haplotype - and found an unexpected high diversity. Twenty-eight different haplotypes falling into 19 described sub-clades of haplogroup H were revealed in the samples with identical CR sequences. This study demonstrates the benefit of complete mtGenome sequencing for forensic applications to enforce maximum discrimination, more comprehensive heteroplasmy detection, as well as highest phylogenetic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bodner
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alessandra Iuvaro
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christina Strobl
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simone Nagl
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriela Huber
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susi Pelotti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Pettener
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Donata Luiselli
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Walther Parson
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Penn State Eberly College of Science, University Park, PA, USA.
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Nie Y, Zhang C, Jiao H, Zhao Z, Zhou H. Development of a multiplex PCR system of 59 mitochondrial SNPs and genetic analysis in Chinese population. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:1903-11. [PMID: 24659556 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of SNPs located on the mitochondrial DNA can provide information on maternal genetics. In the present study, a set of 59 SNPs were detected simultaneously using three multiplex allele-specific PCR and subsequent CE. Allele-specific primers were designed with different sizes to allow for specifically amplified paired alleles in the same reaction. An allelic ladder based on reference alleles was also created to maintain high-quality analysis standard. Samples from 400 unrelated individuals (200 of Han population and 200 of Uyghur population, China) were successfully analyzed and assigned into 106 relevant haplotypes, resulting in a discrimination power of 98.5%. The haplotype diversity was 0.978 for Han and 0.972 for Uyghur, respectively. Pairwise comparison of haplotype frequency distributions showed significant difference across ethnicities. These results suggest that the 59-SNP PCR system is a reliable, rapid, and economical method for large-scale screening of mitochondrial DNA variation, adding a new aspect for forensic individual identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchai Nie
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Lyons EA, Scheible MK, Sturk-Andreaggi K, Irwin JA, Just RS. A high-throughput Sanger strategy for human mitochondrial genome sequencing. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:881. [PMID: 24341507 PMCID: PMC3878621 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A population reference database of complete human mitochondrial genome (mtGenome) sequences is needed to enable the use of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) coding region data in forensic casework applications. However, the development of entire mtGenome haplotypes to forensic data quality standards is difficult and laborious. A Sanger-based amplification and sequencing strategy that is designed for automated processing, yet routinely produces high quality sequences, is needed to facilitate high-volume production of these mtGenome data sets. RESULTS We developed a robust 8-amplicon Sanger sequencing strategy that regularly produces complete, forensic-quality mtGenome haplotypes in the first pass of data generation. The protocol works equally well on samples representing diverse mtDNA haplogroups and DNA input quantities ranging from 50 pg to 1 ng, and can be applied to specimens of varying DNA quality. The complete workflow was specifically designed for implementation on robotic instrumentation, which increases throughput and reduces both the opportunities for error inherent to manual processing and the cost of generating full mtGenome sequences. CONCLUSIONS The described strategy will assist efforts to generate complete mtGenome haplotypes which meet the highest data quality expectations for forensic genetic and other applications. Additionally, high-quality data produced using this protocol can be used to assess mtDNA data developed using newer technologies and chemistries. Further, the amplification strategy can be used to enrich for mtDNA as a first step in sample preparation for targeted next-generation sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rebecca S Just
- American Registry of Pathology, 120A Old Camden Rd,, Camden DE 19934, USA.
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Kahles A, Sarqume F, Savolainen P, Arvestad L. Excap: maximization of haplotypic diversity of linked markers. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79012. [PMID: 24244403 PMCID: PMC3820696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic markers, defined as variable regions of DNA, can be utilized for distinguishing individuals or populations. As long as markers are independent, it is easy to combine the information they provide. For nonrecombinant sequences like mtDNA, choosing the right set of markers for forensic applications can be difficult and requires careful consideration. In particular, one wants to maximize the utility of the markers. Until now, this has mainly been done by hand. We propose an algorithm that finds the most informative subset of a set of markers. The algorithm uses a depth first search combined with a branch-and-bound approach. Since the worst case complexity is exponential, we also propose some data-reduction techniques and a heuristic. We implemented the algorithm and applied it to two forensic caseworks using mitochondrial DNA, which resulted in marker sets with significantly improved haplotypic diversity compared to previous suggestions. Additionally, we evaluated the quality of the estimation with an artificial dataset of mtDNA. The heuristic is shown to provide extensive speedup at little cost in accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Kahles
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm Bioinformatics Center, School of Computer Science and Communication, Stockholm, Sweden
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Holland MM, McQuillan MR, O'Hanlon KA. Second generation sequencing allows for mtDNA mixture deconvolution and high resolution detection of heteroplasmy. Croat Med J 2012; 52:299-313. [PMID: 21674826 PMCID: PMC3118725 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2011.52.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To use parallel array pyrosequencing to deconvolute mixtures of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence and provide high resolution analysis of mtDNA heteroplasmy. Methods The hypervariable segment 1 (HV1) of the mtDNA control region was analyzed from 30 individuals using the 454 GS Junior instrument. Mock mixtures were used to evaluate the system’s ability to deconvolute mixtures and to reliably detect heteroplasmy, including heteroplasmic differences between 5 family members of the same maternal lineage. Amplicon sequencing was performed on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products generated with primers that included multiplex identifiers (MID) and adaptors for pyrosequencing. Data analysis was performed using NextGENe® software. The analysis of an autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) locus (D18S51) and a Y-STR locus (DYS389 I/II) was performed simultaneously with a portion of HV1 to illustrate that multiplexing can encompass different markers of forensic interest. Results Mixtures, including heteroplasmic variants, can be detected routinely down to a component ratio of 1:250 (20 minor variant copies with a coverage rate of 5000 sequences) and can be readily detected down to 1:1000 (0.1%) with expanded coverage. Amplicon sequences from D18S51, DYS389 I/II, and the second half of HV1 were successfully partitioned and analyzed. Conclusions The ability to routinely deconvolute mtDNA mixtures down to a level of 1:250 allows for high resolution analysis of mtDNA heteroplasmy, and for differentiation of individuals from the same maternal lineage. The pyrosequencing approach results in poor resolution of homopolymeric sequences, and PCR/sequencing artifacts require a filtering mechanism similar to that for STR stutter and spectral bleed through. In addition, chimeric sequences from jumping PCR must be addressed to make the method operational.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell M Holland
- Forensic Science Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16870, USA.
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Just RS, Loreille OM, Molto JE, Merriwether DA, Woodward SR, Matheson C, Creed J, McGrath SE, Sturk-Andreaggi K, Coble MD, Irwin JA, Ruffman A, Parr RL. Titanic's unknown child: the critical role of the mitochondrial DNA coding region in a re-identification effort. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2010; 5:231-5. [PMID: 20457081 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2010.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a re-examination of the remains of a young male child recovered in the Northwest Atlantic following the loss of the Royal Mail Ship Titanic in 1912 and buried as an unknown in Halifax, Nova Scotia shortly thereafter. Following exhumation of the grave in 2001, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) hypervariable region 1 sequencing and odontological examination of the extremely limited skeletal remains resulted in the identification of the child as Eino Viljami Panula, a 13-month-old Finnish boy. This paper details recent and more extensive mitochondrial genome analyses that indicate the remains are instead most likely those of an English child, Sidney Leslie Goodwin. The case demonstrates the benefit of targeted mtDNA coding region typing in difficult forensic cases, and highlights the need for entire mtDNA sequence databases appropriate for forensic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Just
- Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 1413 Research Blvd., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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12
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Nilsson M, Possnert G, Edlund H, Budowle B, Kjellström A, Allen M. Analysis of the putative remains of a European patron saint--St. Birgitta. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8986. [PMID: 20169108 PMCID: PMC2821883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Saint Birgitta (Saint Bridget of Sweden) lived between 1303 and 1373 and was designated one of Europe's six patron saints by the Pope in 1999. According to legend, the skulls of St. Birgitta and her daughter Katarina are maintained in a relic shrine in Vadstena abbey, mid Sweden. The origin of the two skulls was assessed first by analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to confirm a maternal relationship. The results of this analysis displayed several differences between the two individuals, thus supporting an interpretation of the two skulls not being individuals that are maternally related. Because the efficiency of PCR amplification and quantity of DNA suggested a different amount of degradation and possibly a very different age for each of the skulls, an orthogonal procedure, radiocarbon dating, was performed. The radiocarbon dating results suggest an age difference of at least 200 years and neither of the dating results coincides with the period St. Birgitta or her daughter Katarina lived. The relic, thought to originate from St. Birgitta, has an age corresponding to the 13th century (1215–1270 cal AD, 2σ confidence), which is older than expected. Thus, the two different analyses are consistent in questioning the authenticity of either of the human skulls maintained in the Vadstena relic shrine being that of St. Birgitta. Of course there are limitations when interpreting the data of any ancient biological materials and these must be considered for a final decision on the authenticity of the remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Nilsson
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Forensic Unit, Regional Criminal Investigation Department, Stockholm County Police, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Possnert
- The Ångström Laboratory, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hanna Edlund
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bruce Budowle
- FBI Laboratory, Quantico, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Forensic and Investigative Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Centre, Ft Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anna Kjellström
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Allen
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Anjum GM, Du W, Klein R, Amara U, Huber-Lang M, Schneider EM, Wiegand P. Pyrosequencing-based strategy for a successful SNP detection in two hypervariable regions: HV-I/HV-II of the human mitochondrial displacement loop. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:309-14. [PMID: 20084631 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Murtza Anjum
- Sektion Experimentelle Anaesthesiologie, Universitaetsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Sun X, Ye Y, Li Y, Wu J, Hou Y. The polymorphisms of 9 SNP loci on mitochondrial DNA in the Chinese Han population. FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2009.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hall TA, Sannes-Lowery KA, McCurdy LD, Fisher C, Anderson T, Henthorne A, Gioeni L, Budowle B, Hofstadler SA. Base Composition Profiling of Human Mitochondrial DNA Using Polymerase Chain Reaction and Direct Automated Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2009; 81:7515-26. [DOI: 10.1021/ac901222y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Hall
- Ibis Biosciences, subsidiary of Abbott Molecular, Inc., Carlsbad, California 92008, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Quantico, Virginia 22135, Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Forensic and Investigative Genetics, Institute of Investigative Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107
| | - Kristin A. Sannes-Lowery
- Ibis Biosciences, subsidiary of Abbott Molecular, Inc., Carlsbad, California 92008, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Quantico, Virginia 22135, Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Forensic and Investigative Genetics, Institute of Investigative Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107
| | - Leslie D. McCurdy
- Ibis Biosciences, subsidiary of Abbott Molecular, Inc., Carlsbad, California 92008, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Quantico, Virginia 22135, Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Forensic and Investigative Genetics, Institute of Investigative Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107
| | - Constance Fisher
- Ibis Biosciences, subsidiary of Abbott Molecular, Inc., Carlsbad, California 92008, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Quantico, Virginia 22135, Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Forensic and Investigative Genetics, Institute of Investigative Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107
| | - Theodore Anderson
- Ibis Biosciences, subsidiary of Abbott Molecular, Inc., Carlsbad, California 92008, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Quantico, Virginia 22135, Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Forensic and Investigative Genetics, Institute of Investigative Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107
| | - Almira Henthorne
- Ibis Biosciences, subsidiary of Abbott Molecular, Inc., Carlsbad, California 92008, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Quantico, Virginia 22135, Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Forensic and Investigative Genetics, Institute of Investigative Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107
| | - Lora Gioeni
- Ibis Biosciences, subsidiary of Abbott Molecular, Inc., Carlsbad, California 92008, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Quantico, Virginia 22135, Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Forensic and Investigative Genetics, Institute of Investigative Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107
| | - Bruce Budowle
- Ibis Biosciences, subsidiary of Abbott Molecular, Inc., Carlsbad, California 92008, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Quantico, Virginia 22135, Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Forensic and Investigative Genetics, Institute of Investigative Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107
| | - Steven A. Hofstadler
- Ibis Biosciences, subsidiary of Abbott Molecular, Inc., Carlsbad, California 92008, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Quantico, Virginia 22135, Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Forensic and Investigative Genetics, Institute of Investigative Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107
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Parson W, Fendt L, Ballard D, Børsting C, Brinkmann B, Carracedo Á, Carvalho M, Coble MD, Real FC, Desmyter S, Dupuy BM, Harrison C, Hohoff C, Just R, Krämer T, Morling N, Salas A, Schmitter H, Schneider PM, Sonntag ML, Vallone PM, Brandstätter A. Identification of West Eurasian mitochondrial haplogroups by mtDNA SNP screening: Results of the 2006–2007 EDNAP collaborative exercise. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2008; 2:61-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2007.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2007] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Evaluation of mitochondrial DNA coding region assays for increased discrimination in forensic analysis. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2008; 2:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2007.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Revised: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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