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Caputo M, Corach D. Reply to comment “A DNA extraction method of small quantities of bone for high-quality genotyping”. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2019; 41:e18-e19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Krap T, Ruijter JM, Nota K, Karel J, Burgers AL, Aalders MCG, Oostra RJ, Duijst W. Colourimetric analysis of thermally altered human bone samples. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8923. [PMID: 31222026 PMCID: PMC6586926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
At this moment, no method is available to objectively estimate the temperature to which skeletal remains have been exposed during a fire. Estimating this temperature can provide crucial information in a legal investigation. Exposure of bone to heat results in observable and measurable changes, including a change in colour. To determine the exposure temperature of experimental bone samples, heat related changes in colour were systemically studied by means of image analysis. In total 1138 samples of fresh human long bone diaphysis and epiphysis, varying in size, were subjected to heat ranging from room temperature to 900 °C for various durations and in different media. The samples were scanned with a calibrated flatbed scanner and photographed with a Digital Single Lens Reflex camera. Red, Green, Blue values and Lightness, A-, and B-coordinates were collected for statistical analysis. Cluster analysis showed that discriminating thresholds for Lightness and B-coordinate could be defined and used to construct a model of decision rules. This model enables the user to differentiate between seven different temperature clusters with relatively high precision and accuracy. The proposed decision model provides an objective, robust and non-destructive method for estimating the exposure temperature of heated bone samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Krap
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, department of Medical Biology, Section Anatomy, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Ars Cogniscendi Foundation for Legal and Forensic Medicine, Wezep, The Netherlands. .,Department of Life Sciences and Technology-Biotechnology-Forensic Science, Van Hall Larenstein, University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan M Ruijter
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, department of Medical Biology, Section Anatomy, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Nota
- Department of Life Sciences and Technology-Biotechnology-Forensic Science, Van Hall Larenstein, University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce Karel
- Department of Life Sciences and Technology-Biotechnology-Forensic Science, Van Hall Larenstein, University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - A Lieke Burgers
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice C G Aalders
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Co van Ledden Hulsebosch Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roelof-Jan Oostra
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, department of Medical Biology, Section Anatomy, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma Duijst
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Ars Cogniscendi Foundation for Legal and Forensic Medicine, Wezep, The Netherlands
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