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Liu YL, Jiang ZF, Zhou GL, Zhao YW, Hao YY, Xu JY, Yang X, Chen XH. Inkjet printer prediction under complicated printing conditions based on microscopic image features. Sci Justice 2024; 64:269-278. [PMID: 38735662 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
A novel technique is introduced to predict the printer model used to produce a given document. Samples containing only a few letters printed under varying conditions (i.e., different printing modes, letter types, fonts) were collected to establish a dataset of 41 inkjet printer models from common manufacturers, such as HP, Canon, and Epson. Morphological features were analyzed by extraction of image features using several algorithms in a series of microscopic images and a Wilcoxon test was used to measure the significance of variations between printed samples. Significant differences between various printing conditions might post potential challenge to questioned document examination. Discriminant analysis and the k-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm were also employed for source printer prediction under varying printing condition on 30% images with the rest images as training dataset. The results of a validation experiment demonstrated that while quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) achieved an accuracy of 96.3%, a combination of KNN and QDA reached 98.6%. As such, this technique could aid in the forensic examination of printed documents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Liu
- East China University of Political Science and Law, 1575, Wanhangdu Road, Shanghai 200042, PR China
| | - Zi-Feng Jiang
- East China University of Political Science and Law, 1575, Wanhangdu Road, Shanghai 200042, PR China
| | - Guang-Lei Zhou
- Academy of Forensic Science, 1347, West Guangfu Road, Shanghai 200063, PR China
| | - Ya-Wen Zhao
- East China University of Political Science and Law, 1575, Wanhangdu Road, Shanghai 200042, PR China
| | - Yu-Yu Hao
- East China University of Political Science and Law, 1575, Wanhangdu Road, Shanghai 200042, PR China
| | - Jing-Yuan Xu
- East China University of Political Science and Law, 1575, Wanhangdu Road, Shanghai 200042, PR China
| | - Xu Yang
- Academy of Forensic Science, 1347, West Guangfu Road, Shanghai 200063, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Hong Chen
- Academy of Forensic Science, 1347, West Guangfu Road, Shanghai 200063, PR China.
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Chen D, Tan M, Xue J, Wu M, Song J, Wu Q, Liu G, Zheng Y, Xiao Y, Lv M, Liao M, Qu S, Liang W. Optimizing Analytical Thresholds for Low-Template DNA Analysis: Insights from Multi-Laboratory Negative Controls. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:117. [PMID: 38255006 PMCID: PMC10815623 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
When analyzing challenging samples, such as low-template DNA, analysts aim to maximize information while minimizing noise, often by adjusting the analytical threshold (AT) for optimal results. A potential approach involves calculating the AT based on the baseline signal distribution in electrophoresis results. This study investigates the impact of reagent kits, testing quarters, environmental conditions, and amplification cycles on baseline signals using historical records and experimental data on low-template DNA. Variations in these aspects contribute to differences in baseline signal patterns. Analysts should remain vigilant regarding routine instrument maintenance and reagent replacement, as these may affect baseline signals. Prompt analysis of baseline status and tailored adjustments to ATs under specific laboratory conditions are advised. A comparative analysis of published methods for calculating the optimal AT from a negative signal distribution highlighted the efficiency of utilizing baseline signals to enhance forensic genetic analysis, with the exception of extremely low-template samples and high-amplification cycles. Moreover, a user-friendly program for real-time analysis was developed, enabling prompt adjustments to ATs based on negative control profiles. In conclusion, this study provides insights into baseline signals, aiming to enhance genetic analysis accuracy across diverse laboratories. Practical recommendations are offered for optimizing ATs in forensic DNA analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Chen
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Mengyu Tan
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Jiaming Xue
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Mengna Wu
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Jinlong Song
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Qiushuo Wu
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Guihong Liu
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Yazi Zheng
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Yuanyuan Xiao
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Meili Lv
- Department of Immunology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Miao Liao
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.C.); (M.T.)
- West China Forensics Center, Sichuan University, No. 16, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shengqiu Qu
- West China Forensics Center, Sichuan University, No. 16, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weibo Liang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.C.); (M.T.)
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