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Cai P, Liu S, Tu Y, Shan T. Toxicity, biodegradation, and nutritional intervention mechanism of zearalenone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 911:168648. [PMID: 37992844 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA), a global mycotoxin commonly found in a variety of grain products and animal feed, causes damage to the gastrointestinal tract, immune organs, liver and reproductive system. Many treatments, including physical, chemical and biological methods, have been reported for the degradation of ZEA. Each degradation method has different degradation efficacies and distinct mechanisms. In this article, the global pollution status, hazard and toxicity of ZEA are summarized. We also review the biological detoxification methods and nutritional regulation strategies for alleviating the toxicity of ZEA. Moreover, we discuss the molecular detoxification mechanism of ZEA to help explore more efficient detoxification methods to better reduce the global pollution and hazard of ZEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Cai
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuang Tu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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2
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Wang Y, Wang J, Wang W. Identification of mycoparasitism-related genes in Trichoderma harzianum T4 that are active against Colletotrichum musae. Arch Microbiol 2023; 206:29. [PMID: 38117327 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma harzianum is a well-known biological control agent (BCA) that shows great potential in controlling many pathogenic fungi. To screen for genes associated with mycoparasitism, we sequenced and analyzed the transcriptome of T. harzianum T4 grown in dual culture with Colletotrichum musae. We analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of Trichoderma harzianum T4 in three different culture periods: before contact (BC), during contact (C) and after contact (AC). A total of 1453 genes were significantly differentially expressed compared to when T. harzianum T4 was cultured alone. During the three periods of double culture of T. harzianum T4 with C. musae, 74, 516, and 548 genes were up-regulated, respectively, and 11, 315, and 216 genes were down-regulated, respectively. The DEGs were screened using GO and KEGG enrichment analyses combined with differential expression multiples. Six gene categories related to mycoparasitism were screened: (a) pathogen recognition and signal transduction, (b) hydrolases, (c) ribosomal proteins and secreted proteins, (d) multidrug-resistant proteins and transporters, (e) heat shock proteins and detoxification, and (f) oxidative stress and antibiotics-related genes. The expression levels of 24 up-regulated genes during T. harzianum T4's antagonistic interaction with C. musae were detected via real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). This study provided information on the transcriptional expression of T. harzianum T4 against C. musae. These results may help us to further understand the mechanism of mycoparasitism, which can provide a potential molecular target for improving the biological control capacity of T. harzianum T4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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3
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Lv B, Zhao X, Guo Y, Li S, Sun M. Serine protease CrKP43 interacts with MAPK and regulates fungal development and mycoparasitism in Clonostachys chloroleuca. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0244823. [PMID: 37831480 PMCID: PMC10715147 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02448-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Mycoparasites play important roles in the biocontrol of plant fungal diseases, during which they secret multiple hydrolases such as serine proteases to degrade their fungal hosts. In this study, we demonstrated that the serine protease CrKP43 was involved in C. chloroleuca development and mycoparasitism with the regulation of Crmapk. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report on the functions and regulatory mechanisms of serine proteases in C. chloroleuca. Our findings will provide new insight into the regulatory mechanisms of serine proteases in mycoparasites and contribute to clarifying the mechanisms underlying mycoparasitism of C. chloroleuca, which will facilitate the development of highly efficient fungal biocontrol agents as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binna Lv
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shidong Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Manhong Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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4
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Wang L, Kiffe-Delf AL, Ostermann PN, Simons VE, He D, Gao Y, van Geelen L, Dai HF, Zhao YX, Schaal H, Mándi A, Király SB, Kurtán T, Liu Z, Kalscheuer R. Asperphenalenones Isolated from the Biocontrol Agent Clonostachys rosea and Their Antimicrobial Activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37436951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Clonostachys rosea is a fungus widely distributed on Earth and has a high capacity to adapt to complex environments in soil, plants, or sea. It is an endophyte that can be used as a potential biocontrol agent to protect plants from pathogenic fungi, nematodes, and insects. However, the spectrum of secondary metabolites produced by C. rosea has only scarcely been studied. In the present study, eight new phenalenones, asperphenalenones F-M (1-8), together with two known derivatives, asperphenalenones E and B (9 and 10), were isolated from the axenic rice culture of this fungus. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, electronic circular dichroism, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. Asperphenalenones J-M (5-8) are unusual phenalenone adducts that are conjugated to diterpenoid glycosides. Asperphenalenones F and H showed moderate antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 12.5 and 25 μM, respectively. Asperphenalenone B exhibited low antiviral activity against the human immunodeficiency virus replication. Furthermore, asperphenalenones F and H exhibited low cytotoxicity against Jurkat cells, while all other compounds were devoid of cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna-Lene Kiffe-Delf
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Niklas Ostermann
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Viktor Emanuel Simons
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Di He
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ying Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lasse van Geelen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hao-Fu Dai
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Xing Zhao
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, People's Republic of China
| | - Heiner Schaal
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Attila Mándi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Post Office Box 400, 4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Balázs Király
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Post Office Box 400, 4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kurtán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Post Office Box 400, 4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Rainer Kalscheuer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Yang L, Yang L, Cai Y, Luo Y, Wang H, Wang L, Chen J, Liu X, Wu Y, Qin Y, Wu Z, Liu N. Natural mycotoxin contamination in dog food: A review on toxicity and detoxification methods. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 257:114948. [PMID: 37105098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the companion animals (dogs or other pets) are considered as members of the family and have established strong emotional relationships with their owners. Dogs are long lived compared to food animals, so safety, adequacy, and efficacy of dog food is of great importance for their health. Cereals, cereal by-products as well as feedstuffs of plant origin are commonly employed food resources in dry food, yet are potential ingredients for mycotoxins contamination, so dogs are theoretically more vulnerable to exposure when consumed daily. Aflatoxins (AF), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins (FUM), ochratoxin A (OTA), and zearalenone (ZEA) are the most frequent mycotoxins that might present in dog food and cause toxicity on the growth and metabolism of dogs. An understanding of toxicological effects and detoxification methods (physical, chemical, or biological approaches) of mycotoxins will help to improve commercial ped food quality, reduce harm and minimize exposure to dogs. Herein, we outline a description of mycotoxins detected in dog food, toxicity and clinical findings in dogs, as well as methods applied in mycotoxins detoxification. This review aims to provide a reference for future studies involved in the evaluation of the risk, preventative strategies, and clear criteria of mycotoxins for minimizing exposure, reducing harm, and preventing mycotoxicosis in dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing 102442, China
| | - Lihan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuqing Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yifei Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing 102442, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing 102442, China
| | - Jingqing Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yinghe Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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6
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Ji J, Yu J, Ye Y, Sheng L, Fang J, Yang Y, Sun X. Biodegradation methods and product analysis of zearalenone and its future development trend: A review. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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7
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Isolation and Mechanistic Characterization of a Novel Zearalenone-Degrading Enzyme. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182908. [PMID: 36141036 PMCID: PMC9498698 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) and its derivatives pose a serious threat to global food quality and animal health. The use of enzymes to degrade mycotoxins has become a popular method to counter this threat. In this study, Aspergillus niger ZEN-S-FS10 extracellular enzyme solution with ZEN-degrading effect was separated and purified to prepare the biological enzyme, FSZ, that can degrade ZEN. The degradation rate of FSZ to ZEN was 75−80% (pH = 7.0, 28 °C). FSZ can function in a temperature range of 28−38 °C and pH range of 2.0−7.0 and can also degrade ZEN derivatives (α-ZAL, β-ZOL, and ZAN). According to the enzyme kinetics fitting, ZEN has a high degradation rate. FSZ can degrade ZEN in real samples of corn flour. FSZ can be obtained stably and repeatedly from the original strain. One ZEN degradation product was isolated: FSZ−P(C18H26O4), with a relative molecular weight of 306.18 g/mol. Amino-acid-sequencing analysis revealed that FSZ is a novel enzyme (homology < 10%). According to the results of molecular docking, ZEN and ZAN can utilize their end-terminal carbonyl groups to bind FSZ residues PHE307, THR55, and GLU129 for a high-degradation rate. However, α-ZAL and β-ZOL instead contain hydroxyl groups that would prevent binding to GLU129; thus, the degradation rate is low for these derivatives.
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8
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Imade FN, Humza M, Dada OA, Ullah S, Jahan I, Eseigbe D, Geng H, Zheng Y, Xing F, Liu Y. Isolation and characterization of novel soil bacterium, Klebsiella pneumoniae strain GS7-1 for the degradation of zearalenone in major cereals. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Monitoring Mycoparasitism of Clonostachys rosea against Botrytis cinerea Using GFP. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8060567. [PMID: 35736050 PMCID: PMC9225460 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Clonostachys rosea is an important mycoparasite, with great potential for controlling numerous plant fungal diseases. Understanding the mechanisms and modes of action will assist the development and application of this biocontrol fungus. In this study, the highly efficient C. rosea 67-1 strain was marked with the green fluorescent protein (GFP), and the transformant possessed the same biological characteristics as the wild-type strain. Fungal interactions with Botrytis cinerea during co-culture and encounter on tomato leaves were assessed by fluorescence confocal and electron microscopy. The results indicated that once the two fungi met, the hyphae of C. rosea grew alongside those of B. cinerea, then attached tightly to the host and developed special structures, via which the biocontrol fungus penetrated the host and absorbed nutrients, eventually disintegrating the cells of the pathogen. Mycoparasitism to B. cinerea was also observed on tomato leaves, suggesting that C. rosea can colonize on plants and act following the invasion of the pathogenic fungus.
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10
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Rojas EC, Jensen B, Jørgensen HJL, Latz MAC, Esteban P, Collinge DB. The Fungal Endophyte Penicillium olsonii ML37 Reduces Fusarium Head Blight by Local Induced Resistance in Wheat Spikes. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040345. [PMID: 35448576 PMCID: PMC9025337 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungal endophyte Penicillium olsonii ML37 is a biocontrol agent of Fusarium head blight in wheat (caused by Fusarium graminearum), which has shown a limited direct inhibition of fungal growth in vitro. We used RNA-seq and LC-MS/MS analyses to elucidate metabolic interactions of the three-way system Penicillium–wheat–Fusarium in greenhouse experiments. We demonstrated that P. olsonii ML37 colonises wheat spikes and transiently activates plant defence mechanisms, as pretreated spikes show a faster and stronger expression of the defence metabolism during the first 24 h after pathogen inoculation. This effect was transient and the expression of the same genes was lower in the pathogen-infected spikes than in those infected by P. olsonii alone. This response to the endophyte includes the transcriptional activation of several WRKY transcription factors. This early activation is associated with a reduction in FHB symptoms and significantly lower levels of the F. graminearum metabolites 15-acetyl-DON and culmorin. An increase in the Penicillium-associated metabolite asperphanamate confirms colonisation by the endophyte. Our results suggest that the mode of action used by P. olsonii ML37 is via a local defence activation in wheat spikes, and that this fungus has potential as a novel biological alternative in wheat disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C. Rojas
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.J.); (P.E.)
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
- Chr Hansen A/S, Højbakkegård Alle 30, 2630 Tåstrup, Denmark
- Correspondence: (E.C.R.); (D.B.C.); Tel.: +45-353-33356 (D.B.C.)
| | - Birgit Jensen
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.J.); (P.E.)
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
| | - Hans J. L. Jørgensen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Meike A. C. Latz
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark
- SciLifeLab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Pilar Esteban
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.J.); (P.E.)
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Agro-Environmental Sciences, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - David B. Collinge
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.J.); (P.E.)
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.R.); (D.B.C.); Tel.: +45-353-33356 (D.B.C.)
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11
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Kim SH, Vujanovic V. Early transcriptomic response of the mycoparasite Sphaerodes mycoparasitica to the mycotoxigenic Fusarium graminearum 3-ADON, the cause of Fusarium head blight. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 8:127. [PMID: 34993050 PMCID: PMC8683091 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoparasites are an assemblage of biotrophic and necrotrophic fungi that occur on plant pathogenic fungal hosts. Biotrophic mycoparasites are often overlooked in transcriptomic-based biocontrol studies. Sphaerodes mycoparasitica (S.m.) is a specific biotrophic mycoparasite of plant pathogenic Fusarium graminearum (F.g.), a devastating Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease in small-grain cereals. To understand the biotrophic mycoparasitism comprehensively, we performed Illumina RNA-Seq transcriptomic study on the fungus–fungus interaction in vitro. The aim is to identify the transcript-level mechanism related to the biotrophic S.m. mycoparasitism, particularly its ability to effectively control the F.g. 3-ADON chemotype. A shift in the transcriptomic profile of the mycoparasite was triggered in response to its interaction with F.g. during recognition (1.5 days) and colonization (3.5 days) steps. RNA-Seq analysis revealed ~ 30% of annotated transcripts with "function unknown". Further, 14 differentially expressed genes functionally linked to the biotrophic mycoparasitism were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The gene expression patterns of the filamentous haemagglutinin/adhesin/attachment factor as well as cell wall-degrading glucanases and chitinases were upregulated by host interaction. Besides, mycoparasitism-associated antioxidant resistance genes encoding ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter(s) and glutathione synthetase(s) were upregulated. However, the thioredoxin reductase was downregulated which infers that this antioxidant gene can be used as a resistance marker to assess S.m. antifungal and antimycotoxigenic activities. The interactive transcriptome of S. mycoparasitica provides new insights into specific mycoparasitism and will contribute to future research in controlling FHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Hwa Kim
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8 Canada
| | - Vladimir Vujanovic
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8 Canada
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Dou K, Pang G, Cai F, Chenthamara K, Zhang J, Liu H, Druzhinina IS, Chen J. Functional Genetics of Trichoderma Mycoparasitism. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91650-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Current and emerging tools of computational biology to improve the detoxification of mycotoxins. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 88:e0210221. [PMID: 34878810 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02102-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological organisms carry a rich potential for removing toxins from our environment, but identifying suitable candidates and improving them remain challenging. We explore the use of computational tools to discover strains and enzymes that detoxify harmful compounds. In particular, we will focus on mycotoxins-fungi-produced toxins that contaminate food and feed-and biological enzymes that are capable of rendering them less harmful. We discuss the use of established and novel computational tools to complement existing empirical data in three directions: discovering the prospect of detoxification among underexplored organisms, finding important cellular processes that contribute to detoxification, and improving the performance of detoxifying enzymes. We hope to create a synergistic conversation between researchers in computational biology and those in the bioremediation field. We showcase open bioremediation questions where computational researchers can contribute and highlight relevant existing and emerging computational tools that could benefit bioremediation researchers.
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14
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Isolation and characterization of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MQ01, a bifunctional biocontrol bacterium with antagonistic activity against Fusarium graminearum and biodegradation capacity of zearalenone. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Piombo E, Vetukuri RR, Broberg A, Kalyandurg PB, Kushwaha S, Funck Jensen D, Karlsson M, Dubey M. Role of Dicer-Dependent RNA Interference in Regulating Mycoparasitic Interactions. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0109921. [PMID: 34549988 PMCID: PMC8557909 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01099-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dicer-like proteins (DCLs) play a vital role in RNA interference (RNAi), by cleaving RNA filament into small RNAs. Although DCL-mediated RNAi can regulate interspecific communication between pathogenic/mutualistic organisms and their hosts, its role in mycoparasitic interactions is yet to be investigated. In this study, we deleted dcl genes in the mycoparasitic fungus Clonostachys rosea and characterize the functions of DCL-dependent RNAi in mycoparasitism. Deletion of dcl2 resulted in a mutant with reduced secondary metabolite production, antagonism toward the plant-pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea, and reduced ability to control Fusarium foot rot disease on wheat, caused by Fusarium graminearum. Transcriptome sequencing of the in vitro interaction between the C. rosea Δdcl2 strain and B. cinerea or F. graminearum identified the downregulation of genes coding for transcription factors, membrane transporters, hydrolytic enzymes, and secondary metabolites biosynthesis enzymes putatively involved in antagonistic interactions, in comparison with the C. rosea wild-type interaction. A total of 61 putative novel microRNA-like RNAs (milRNAs) were identified in C. rosea, and 11 were downregulated in the Δdcl2 mutant. In addition to putative endogenous gene targets, these milRNAs were predicted to target B. cinerea and F. graminearum virulence factor genes, which showed an increased expression during interaction with the Δdcl2 mutant incapable of producing the targeting milRNAs. In summary, this study constitutes the first step in elucidating the role of RNAi in mycoparasitic interactions, with important implications for biological control of plant diseases, and poses the base for future studies focusing on the role of cross-species RNAi regulating mycoparasitic interactions. IMPORTANCE Small RNAs mediated RNA interference (RNAi) known to regulate several biological processes. Dicer-like endoribonucleases (DCLs) play a vital role in the RNAi pathway by generating sRNAs. In this study, we investigated a role of DCL-mediated RNAi in interference interactions between mycoparasitic fungus Clonostachys rosea and the two fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium graminearum (here called mycohosts). We found that the dcl mutants were not able to produce 11 sRNAs predicted to finetune the regulatory network of genes known to be involved in production of hydrolytic enzymes, antifungal compounds, and membrane transporters needed for antagonistic action of C. rosea. We also found C. rosea sRNAs putatively targeting known virulence factors in the mycohosts, indicating RNAi-mediated cross-species communication. Our study expanded the understanding of underlying mechanisms of cross-species communication during interference interactions and poses a base for future works studying the role of DCL-based cross-species RNAi in fungal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Piombo
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ramesh R. Vetukuri
- Department of Plant Breeding, Horticum, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Anders Broberg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pruthvi B. Kalyandurg
- Department of Plant Breeding, Horticum, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Sandeep Kushwaha
- Department of Plant Breeding, Horticum, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dan Funck Jensen
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mukesh Dubey
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Ji J, Yu J, Yang Y, Yuan X, Yang J, Zhang Y, Sun J, Sun X. Exploration on the Enhancement of Detoxification Ability of Zearalenone and Its Degradation Products of Aspergillus niger FS10 under Directional Stress of Zearalenone. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13100720. [PMID: 34679013 PMCID: PMC8537726 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is one of the most common mycotoxin contaminants in food. For food safety, an efficient and environmental-friendly approach to ZEN degradation is significant. In this study, an Aspergillus niger strain, FS10, was stimulated with 1.0 μg/mL ZEN for 24 h, repeating 5 times to obtain a stressed strain, Zearalenone-Stressed-FS10 (ZEN-S-FS10), with high degradation efficiency. The results show that the degradation rate of ZEN-S-FS10 to ZEN can be stabilized above 95%. Through metabolomics analysis of the metabolome difference of FS10 before and after ZEN stimulation, it was found that the change of metabolic profile may be the main reason for the increase in the degradation rate of ZEN. The optimization results of degradation conditions of ZEN-S-FS10 show that the degradation efficiency is the highest with a concentration of 104 CFU/mL and a period of 28 h. Finally, we analyzed the degradation products by UPLC-q-TOF, which shows that ZEN was degraded into two low-toxicity products: C18H22O8S (Zearalenone 4-sulfate) and C18H22O5 ((E)-Zearalenone). This provides a wide range of possibilities for the industrial application of this strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.J.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Jian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.J.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Guangzhou GRG Metrology and Test Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510630, China;
| | - Jia Yang
- Yangzhou Center for Food and Drug Control, Yangzhou 225000, China;
| | - Yinzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.J.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Jiadi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.J.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.J.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-510-85329015; Fax: +86-510-85328726
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17
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Biological Transformation of Zearalenone by Some Bacterial Isolates Associated with Ruminant and Food Samples. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13100712. [PMID: 34679005 PMCID: PMC8540131 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium spp., the filamentous fungi. Food and feed contamination with zearalenone has adverse effects on health and economy. ZEA degradation through microorganisms is providing a promising preventive measure. The current study includes isolation of 47 bacterial strains from 100 different food and rumen samples. Seventeen isolates showed maximum activity of ZEA reduction. A bacterial isolate, RS-5, reduced ZEA concentration up to 78.3% through ELISA analysis and 74.3% as determined through HPLC. Ten of the most efficient strains were further selected for comparison of their biodegradation activity in different conditions such as incubation period, and different growth media. The samples were analyzed after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h of incubation. De Man Rogosa Sharp (MRS) broth, Tryptic soy broth, and nutrient broth were used as different carbon sources for comparison of activity through ELISA. The mean degradation % ± SD through ELISA and HPLC were 70.77% ± 3.935 and 69.11% ± 2.768, respectively. Optimum reducing activity was detected at 72 h of incubation, and MRS broth is a suitable medium. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene nucleotide sequences confirmed that one of the bacterial isolate RS-5 bacterial isolates with higher mycotoxin degradation is identified as Bacillus subtilis isolated from rumen sample. B05 (FSL-8) bacterial isolate of yogurt belongs to the genus Lactobacillus with 99.66% similarity with Lactobacillus delbrukii. Similarly, three other bacterial isolates, D05, H05 and F04 (FS-17, FSL-2 and FS-20), were found to be the sub-species/strains Pseudomonas gessardii of genus Pseudomonas based on their similarity level of (99.2%, 96% and 96.88%) and positioning in the phylogenetic tree. Promising detoxification results were revealed through GC-MS analysis of RS-5 and FSL-8 activity.
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18
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Zhou J, Li Y, Liu Z, Qian W, Chen Y, Qi Y, Wang A. Induction of anti-Zearalenone immune response with mimotopes identified from a phage display peptide library. Toxicon 2021; 199:1-6. [PMID: 34033860 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN), a type of non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin, is mainly produced by several species of Fusarium molds. It is ubiquitous in contaminated grains and grain products all over the world, posing a serious threat to animal and human health. This study aims to screen the mimotopes of ZEN from a phage display random 12-mer peptide library and explore their immunogenicity. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) against ZEN was employed as the target for mimotope selection from a phage display random peptide library. After four rounds of panning, six mimotopes that could specifically bind to ZEN mAb were obtained. In order to explore the immunogenicity of these mimotopes, Balb/c mice were immunized with phages Z8, Z21, Z35, Z8:Z21:Z35(1:1:1) and the conjugate of ZEN-bovine serum albumin (ZEN-BSA), respectively. The titers of antibodies in the mice immunized with mimotopes were 1:3200 (Z8), 1:3200 (Z21), 1:6400 (Z35), 1:6400 (1:1:1 mixture of Z8, Z21 and Z35), and the binding between serum antibodies and ZEN-OVA could be blocked by ZEN standards. These results demonstrated that the mimotopes of ZEN could induce specific antibodies against ZEN, suggesting that these displayed peptides were immunogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingming Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Yanghui Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Zhanxiang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Wenjing Qian
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Yumei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Yanhua Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Aiping Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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Broberg M, Dubey M, Iqbal M, Gudmundssson M, Ihrmark K, Schroers H, Funck Jensen D, Brandström Durling M, Karlsson M. Comparative genomics highlights the importance of drug efflux transporters during evolution of mycoparasitism in Clonostachys subgenus Bionectria (Fungi, Ascomycota, Hypocreales). Evol Appl 2021; 14:476-497. [PMID: 33664789 PMCID: PMC7896725 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Various strains of the mycoparasitic fungal species Clonostachys rosea are used commercially as biological control agents for the control of fungal plant diseases in agricultural crop production. Further improvements of the use and efficacy of C. rosea in biocontrol require a mechanistic understanding of the factors that determines the outcome of the interaction between C. rosea and plant pathogenic fungi. Here, we determined the genome sequences of 11 Clonostachys strains, representing five species in Clonostachys subgenus Bionectria, and performed a comparative genomic analysis with the aim to identify gene families evolving under selection for gene gains or losses. Several gene families predicted to encode proteins involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, including polyketide synthases, nonribosomal peptide syntethases and cytochrome P450s, evolved under selection for gene gains (p ≤ .05) in the Bionectria subgenus lineage. This was accompanied with gene copy number increases (p ≤ .05) in ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters predicted to contribute to drug efflux. Most Clonostachys species were also characterized by high numbers of auxiliary activity (AA) family 9 lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases, AA3 glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductases and additional carbohydrate-active enzyme gene families with putative activity (or binding) towards xylan and rhamnose/pectin substrates. Particular features of the C. rosea genome included expansions (p ≤ .05) of the ABC-B4 multidrug resistance transporters, the ABC-C5 multidrug resistance-related transporters and the 2.A.1.3 drug:H + antiporter-2 MFS drug resistance transporters. The ABC-G1 pleiotropic drug resistance transporter gene abcG6 in C. rosea was induced (p ≤ .009) by exposure to the antifungal Fusarium mycotoxin zearalenone (1121-fold) and various fungicides. Deletion of abcG6 resulted in mutants with reduced (p < .001) growth rates on media containing the fungicides boscalid, fenhexamid and iprodione. Our results emphasize the role of biosynthesis of, and protection against, secondary metabolites in Clonostachys subgenus Bionectria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Broberg
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant PathologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Mukesh Dubey
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant PathologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Mudassir Iqbal
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant PathologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Mikael Gudmundssson
- Department of Molecular SciencesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Katarina Ihrmark
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant PathologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | | | - Dan Funck Jensen
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant PathologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Mikael Brandström Durling
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant PathologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant PathologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
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20
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Mahato DK, Devi S, Pandhi S, Sharma B, Maurya KK, Mishra S, Dhawan K, Selvakumar R, Kamle M, Mishra AK, Kumar P. Occurrence, Impact on Agriculture, Human Health, and Management Strategies of Zearalenone in Food and Feed: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:92. [PMID: 33530606 PMCID: PMC7912641 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins represent an assorted range of secondary fungal metabolites that extensively occur in numerous food and feed ingredients at any stage during pre- and post-harvest conditions. Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin categorized as a xenoestrogen poses structural similarity with natural estrogens that enables its binding to the estrogen receptors leading to hormonal misbalance and numerous reproductive diseases. ZEN is mainly found in crops belonging to temperate regions, primarily in maize and other cereal crops that form an important part of various food and feed. Because of the significant adverse effects of ZEN on both human and animal, there is an alarming need for effective detection, mitigation, and management strategies to assure food and feed safety and security. The present review tends to provide an updated overview of the different sources, occurrence and biosynthetic mechanisms of ZEN in various food and feed. It also provides insight to its harmful effects on human health and agriculture along with its effective detection, management, and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipendra Kumar Mahato
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia;
| | - Sheetal Devi
- National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Sonipat, Haryana 131028, India;
| | - Shikha Pandhi
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (S.P.); (B.S.); (K.K.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Bharti Sharma
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (S.P.); (B.S.); (K.K.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Kamlesh Kumar Maurya
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (S.P.); (B.S.); (K.K.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Sadhna Mishra
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (S.P.); (B.S.); (K.K.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Kajal Dhawan
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India;
| | - Raman Selvakumar
- Centre for Protected Cultivation Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Madhu Kamle
- Applied Microbiology Lab., Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli 791109, India;
| | - Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Applied Microbiology Lab., Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli 791109, India;
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21
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Díaz MA, Pereyra MM, Santander FFS, Perez MF, Córdoba JM, Alhussein M, Karlovsky P, Dib JR. Protection of Citrus Fruits from Postharvest Infection with Penicillium digitatum and Degradation of Patulin by Biocontrol Yeast Clavispora lusitaniae 146. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1477. [PMID: 32993018 PMCID: PMC7601000 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal rots are one of the main causes of large economic losses and deterioration in the quality and nutrient composition of fruits during the postharvest stage. The yeast Clavispora lusitaniae 146 has previously been shown to efficiently protect lemons from green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum. In this work, the effect of yeast concentration and exposure time on biocontrol efficiency was assessed; the protection of various citrus fruits against P. digitatum by C. lusitaniae 146 was evaluated; the ability of strain 146 to degrade mycotoxin patulin was tested; and the effect of the treatment on the sensory properties of fruits was determined. An efficient protection of lemons was achieved after minimum exposure to a relatively low yeast cell concentration. Apart from lemons, the yeast prevented green mold in grapefruits, mandarins, oranges, and tangerines, implying that it can be used as a broad-range biocontrol agent in citrus. The ability to degrade patulin indicated that strain 146 may be suitable for the control of further Penicillium species. Yeast treatment did not alter the sensory perception of the aroma of fruits. These results corroborate the potential of C. lusitaniae 146 for the control of postharvest diseases of citrus fruits and indicate its suitability for industrial-scale fruit processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Andrea Díaz
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; (M.A.D.); (M.M.P.); (F.F.S.S.); (M.F.P.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Martina María Pereyra
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; (M.A.D.); (M.M.P.); (F.F.S.S.); (M.F.P.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Fabricio Fabián Soliz Santander
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; (M.A.D.); (M.M.P.); (F.F.S.S.); (M.F.P.); (J.M.C.)
| | - María Florencia Perez
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; (M.A.D.); (M.M.P.); (F.F.S.S.); (M.F.P.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Josefina María Córdoba
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; (M.A.D.); (M.M.P.); (F.F.S.S.); (M.F.P.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Mohammad Alhussein
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Petr Karlovsky
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Julián Rafael Dib
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; (M.A.D.); (M.M.P.); (F.F.S.S.); (M.F.P.); (J.M.C.)
- Instituto de Microbiología, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
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22
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Lv B, Jiang N, Hasan R, Chen Y, Sun M, Li S. Cell Wall Biogenesis Protein Phosphatase CrSsd1 Is Required for Conidiation, Cell Wall Integrity, and Mycoparasitism in Clonostachys rosea. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1640. [PMID: 32760382 PMCID: PMC7373758 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell wall biogenesis protein phosphatases play important roles in various cellular processes in fungi. However, their functions in the widely distributed mycoparasitic fungus Clonostachys rosea remain unclear, as do their potential for controlling plant fungal diseases. Herein, the function of cell wall biogenesis protein phosphatase CrSsd1 in C. rosea 67-1 was investigated using gene disruption and complementation approaches. The gene-deficient mutant ΔCrSsd1 exhibited much lower conidiation, hyphal growth, mycoparasitic ability, and biocontrol efficacy than the wild-type (WT) strain, and it was more sensitive to sorbitol and Congo red. The results indicate that CrSsd1 is involved in fungal conidiation, osmotic stress adaptation, cell wall integrity, and mycoparasitism in C. rosea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binna Lv
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rakibul Hasan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Manhong Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shidong Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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Sun J, Xia Y, Ming D. Whole-Genome Sequencing and Bioinformatics Analysis of Apiotrichum mycotoxinivorans: Predicting Putative Zearalenone-Degradation Enzymes. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1866. [PMID: 32849454 PMCID: PMC7416605 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological detoxification techniques have been developed by using microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, and fungi to eliminate mycotoxin contamination. However, due to the lack of molecular details of related enzymes, the underlying mechanism of detoxification of many mycotoxins remain unclear. On the other hand, the next generation sequencing technology provides a large number of genomic data of microorganisms that can degrade mycotoxins, which makes it possible to use bioinformatics technology to study the molecular details of relevant enzymes. In this paper, we report the whole-genome sequencing of Apiotrichum mycotoxinivorans (Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans in old taxonomy) and the putative Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) and carboxylester hydrolases for zearalenone (ZEA) degradation through bioinformatic analysis. In particular, we developed a working pipeline for genome-scaled prediction of substrate-specific enzyme (GPSE, available at https://github.com/JinyuanSun/GPSE), which ultimately builds homologous structural and molecular docking models to demonstrate how the relevant degrading enzymes work. We expect that the enzyme-prediction woroflow process GPSE developed in this study might help accelerate the discovery of new detoxification enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Sun
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Xia
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dengming Ming
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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24
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In Vitro Assessment of Biocontrol Effects on Fusarium Head Blight and Deoxynivalenol (DON) Accumulation by DON-Degrading Bacteria. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12060399. [PMID: 32560237 PMCID: PMC7354482 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12060399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) of cereals is a severe disease caused by the Fusarium graminearum species complex. It leads to the accumulation of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in grains and other plant tissues and causes substantial economic losses throughout the world. DON is one of the most troublesome mycotoxins because it is a virulence factor to host plants, including wheat, and exhibits toxicity to plants and animals. To control both FHB and DON accumulation, a biological control approach using DON-degrading bacteria (DDBs) is promising. Here, we performed a disease control assay using an in vitro petri dish test composed of germinated wheat seeds inoculated with F. graminearum (Fg) and DDBs. Determination of both grown leaf lengths and hyphal lesion lengths as a measure of disease severity showed that the inoculation of seeds with the DDBs Devosia sp. strain NKJ1 and Nocardioides spp. strains SS3 or SS4 were protective against the leaf growth inhibition caused by Fg. Furthermore, it was as effective against DON accumulation. The inoculation with strains SS3 or SS4 also reduced the inhibitory effect on leaves treated with 10 µg mL-1 DON solution (without Fg). These results indicate that the DDBs partially suppress the disease by degrading DON.
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González Pereyra M, Di Giacomo A, Lara A, Martínez M, Cavaglieri L. Aflatoxin-degrading Bacillus sp. strains degrade zearalenone and produce proteases, amylases and cellulases of agro-industrial interest. Toxicon 2020; 180:43-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Legrand F, Chen W, Cobo-Díaz JF, Picot A, Floch GL. Co-occurrence analysis reveal that biotic and abiotic factors influence soil fungistasis against Fusarium graminearum. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 95:5475120. [PMID: 30998232 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study determined the levels of soil fungistasis against a soil-borne pathogen inoculum, Fusarium graminearum (Fg, a major causal agent of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB)), in 31 wheat fields by quantifying Fg growth after a 15-day incubation period using qPCR in autoclaved versus non-autoclaved soils. The results were used to define the six most Fg-resistant and the six most Fg-conducive soils. By using a metabarcoding approach, the diversity of the bacterial communities was significantly higher in Fg-resistant soils than in Fg-conducive soils. Microbial taxa potentially contributing to Fg-fungistasis of soil were selected if they were significantly more prevalent and/or abundant in Fg-resistant soils than in Fg-conducive soils. Some of these candidate indicators, e.g. Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp., have been reported previously as effective biocontrol agents against plant pathogens. Correlation-based network analysis further showed that the members of the bacterial communities in Fg-resistant soils were more connected than in Fg-conducive soils. Moreover, network modules was found significantly correlated with certain edaphic abiotics factors (such as the soil manganese and nitrogen content) and Fg-fungistasis. Such observations may suggest and emphasize, although conceptual, the importance of synergistic rather than individual effects of network members, and the nutrient use efficiency in contributing to Fg-resistance of soils in wheat fields in France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Legrand
- Université de Brest, EA 3882, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, IBSAM, ESIAB, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.,Lallemand SAS, 4 route de Beaupuy, 31180 Castelmaurou, France
| | - Wen Chen
- Ottawa Research & Development Centre, Science & Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave. Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - José Francisco Cobo-Díaz
- Université de Brest, EA 3882, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, IBSAM, ESIAB, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Adeline Picot
- Université de Brest, EA 3882, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, IBSAM, ESIAB, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Gaétan Le Floch
- Université de Brest, EA 3882, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, IBSAM, ESIAB, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
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Zhou J, Zhu L, Chen J, Wang W, Zhang R, Li Y, Zhang Q, Wang W. Degradation mechanism for Zearalenone ring-cleavage by Zearalenone hydrolase RmZHD: A QM/MM study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 709:135897. [PMID: 31887512 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The danger of zearalenone (ZEN) as an endocrine disruptor to humans and the environment has aroused increasing attention. In this study, we implemented the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) method to investigate the degradation mechanism of ZEN hydrolase (RmZHD) toward ZEN at the atomic level. The degradation process involves two concerted reaction pathways, where the active site contains a Ser-His-Glu triplet as a proton donor. With the Boltzmann-weighted average potential barriers of 18.1 and 21.5 kcal/mol, the process undergoes proton transfer and nucleophilic-substituted ring opening to form a hydroxyl product. Non-covalent interaction analyses elucidated hydrogen bonding between key amino acids with ZEN. The electrostatic influence analysis of 16 amino acids proposes residues Asp34 and His128 as the possible mutation target for future mutation design of enzyme RmZHD. An in-depth investigation of the protein environment of RmZHD can improve the bioremediation efficiency of endocrine disrupting chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Ledong Zhu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Ruiming Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Yanwei Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
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Sun ZB, Li SD, Ren Q, Xu JL, Lu X, Sun MH. Biology and applications of Clonostachys rosea. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:486-495. [PMID: 32115828 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Clonostachys rosea is a promising saprophytic filamentous fungus that belongs to phylum Ascomycota. Clonostachys rosea is widespread around the world and exists in many kinds of habitats, with the highest frequency in soil. As an excellent mycoparasite, C. rosea exhibits strong biological control ability against numerous fungal plant pathogens, nematodes and insects. These behaviours are based on the activation of multiple mechanisms such as secreted cell-wall-degrading enzymes, production of antifungal secondary metabolites and induction of plant defence systems. Besides having significant biocontrol activity, C. rosea also functions in the biodegradation of plastic waste, biotransformation of bioactive compounds, as a bioenergy sources and in fermentation. This mini review summarizes information about the biology and various applications of C. rosea and expands on its possible uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-B Sun
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - S-D Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Q Ren
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - J-L Xu
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - X Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - M-H Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Rojas EC, Sapkota R, Jensen B, Jørgensen HJL, Henriksson T, Jørgensen LN, Nicolaisen M, Collinge DB. Fusarium Head Blight Modifies Fungal Endophytic Communities During Infection of Wheat Spikes. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2020; 79:397-408. [PMID: 31448388 PMCID: PMC7033075 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-019-01426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of wheat heads. It is caused by several species from the genus Fusarium. Several endophytic fungi also colonize wheat spikes asymptomatically. Pathogenic and commensal fungi share and compete for the same niche and thereby influence plant performance. Understanding the natural dynamics of the fungal community and how the pre-established species react to pathogen attack can provide useful information on the disease biology and the potential use of some of these endophytic organisms in disease control strategies. Fungal community composition was assessed during anthesis as well as during FHB attack in wheat spikes during 2016 and 2017 in two locations. Community metabarcoding revealed that endophyte communities are dominated by basidiomycete yeasts before anthesis and shift towards a more opportunistic ascomycete-rich community during kernel development. These dynamics are interrupted when Fusarium spp. colonize wheat spikes. The Fusarium pathogens appear to exclude other fungi from floral tissues as they are associated with a reduction in community diversity, especially in the kernel which they colonize rapidly. Similarly, the presence of several endophytes was negatively correlated with Fusarium spp. and linked with spikes that stayed healthy despite exposure to the pathogen. These endophytes belonged to the genera Cladosporium, Itersonillia and Holtermanniella. These findings support the hypothesis that some naturally occurring endophytes could outcompete or prevent FHB and represent a source of potential biological control agents in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Rojas
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences & Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Rumakanta Sapkota
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Birgit Jensen
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences & Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Hans J L Jørgensen
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences & Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Lise Nistrup Jørgensen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Mogens Nicolaisen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - David B Collinge
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences & Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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de Oliveira Garcia S, Sibaja KVM, Nogueira WV, Feltrin ACP, Pinheiro DFA, Cerqueira MBR, Badiale Furlong E, Garda-Buffon J. Peroxidase as a simultaneous degradation agent of ochratoxin A and zearalenone applied to model solution and beer. Food Res Int 2020; 131:109039. [PMID: 32247492 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of the commercial peroxidase (POD) enzyme (Armoracia rusticana) on the simultaneous degradation of ochratoxin A (OTA) and zearalenone (ZEA) in model solution and beer. For this purpose, the reaction parameters for POD action were optimized, POD application in the degradation of mycotoxins in model solution and beer was evaluated and the kinetic parameters of POD were defined (Michaelis-Menten constant - KM and maximal velocity - Vmax). In the reaction conditions (pH 7, ionic strength of 25 mM, incubation at 30 °C, addition of 26 mM H2O2 and 1 mM potassium ion), POD (0.6 U mL-1) presented the maximum activity for simultaneous degradation of OTA and ZEA of 27.0 and 64.9%, respectively, in model solution after 360 min. The application of POD in beer resulted in the simultaneous degradation of OTA and ZEA of 4.8 and 10.9%, respectively. The kinetic parameters KM and Vmax for degradation of OTA and ZEA were 50 and 10,710 nM and 0.168 and 72 nM min-1, respectively. Therefore, POD can be a promising alternative to mitigate the contamination of OTA and ZEA in model solution and beer, minimizing their effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina de Oliveira Garcia
- Post Graduate Program in Engineering and Science of Food, School of Chemistry and Food, Laboratory of Food Science and Mycotoxins, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália, km 8, Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS CEP 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Karen Vanessa Marimón Sibaja
- Post Graduate Program in Engineering and Science of Food, School of Chemistry and Food, Laboratory of Food Science and Mycotoxins, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália, km 8, Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS CEP 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Wesclen Vilar Nogueira
- Post Graduate Program in Engineering and Science of Food, School of Chemistry and Food, Laboratory of Food Science and Mycotoxins, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália, km 8, Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS CEP 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Carla Penteado Feltrin
- Post Graduate Program in Engineering and Science of Food, School of Chemistry and Food, Laboratory of Food Science and Mycotoxins, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália, km 8, Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS CEP 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Diean Fabiano Alvares Pinheiro
- Post Graduate Program in Engineering and Science of Food, School of Chemistry and Food, Laboratory of Food Science and Mycotoxins, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália, km 8, Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS CEP 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Maristela Barnes Rodrigues Cerqueira
- Post Graduate Program in Engineering and Science of Food, School of Chemistry and Food, Laboratory of Food Science and Mycotoxins, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália, km 8, Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS CEP 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Eliana Badiale Furlong
- Post Graduate Program in Engineering and Science of Food, School of Chemistry and Food, Laboratory of Food Science and Mycotoxins, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália, km 8, Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS CEP 96203-900, Brazil.
| | - Jaqueline Garda-Buffon
- Post Graduate Program in Engineering and Science of Food, School of Chemistry and Food, Laboratory of Food Science and Mycotoxins, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália, km 8, Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS CEP 96203-900, Brazil.
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Arora D, Gupta P, Jaglan S, Roullier C, Grovel O, Bertrand S. Expanding the chemical diversity through microorganisms co-culture: Current status and outlook. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 40:107521. [PMID: 31953204 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) are considered as a cornerstone for the generation of bioactive leads in drug discovery programs. However, one of the major limitations of NP drug discovery program is "rediscovery" of known compounds, thereby hindering the rate of drug discovery efficiency. Therefore, in recent years, to overcome these limitations, a great deal of attention has been drawn towards understanding the role of microorganisms' co-culture in inducing novel chemical entities. Such induction could be related to activation of genes which might be silent or expressed at very low levels (below detection limit) in pure-strain cultures under normal laboratory conditions. In this review, chemical diversity of compounds isolated from microbial co-cultures, is discussed. For this purpose, chemodiversity has been represented as a chemical-structure network based on the "Tanimoto Structural Similarity Index". This highlights the huge structural diversity induced by microbial co-culture. In addition, the current trends in microbial co-culture research are highlighted. Finally, the current challenges (1 - induction monitoring, 2 - reproducibility, 3 - growth time effect and 4 - up-scaling for isolation purposes) are discussed. The information in this review will support researchers to design microbial co-culture strategies for future research efforts. In addition, guidelines for co-culture induction reporting are also provided to strengthen future reporting in this NP field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Arora
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Jammu Campus, Jammu 180001, India; Groupe Mer, Molécules, Santé-EA 2160, Faculté des Sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Université de Nantes, 9 rue Bias, BP 53508, F-44035 Nantes Cedex 01, France
| | - Prasoon Gupta
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Jammu Campus, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Sundeep Jaglan
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Jammu Campus, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Catherine Roullier
- Groupe Mer, Molécules, Santé-EA 2160, Faculté des Sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Université de Nantes, 9 rue Bias, BP 53508, F-44035 Nantes Cedex 01, France
| | - Olivier Grovel
- Groupe Mer, Molécules, Santé-EA 2160, Faculté des Sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Université de Nantes, 9 rue Bias, BP 53508, F-44035 Nantes Cedex 01, France
| | - Samuel Bertrand
- Groupe Mer, Molécules, Santé-EA 2160, Faculté des Sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Université de Nantes, 9 rue Bias, BP 53508, F-44035 Nantes Cedex 01, France.
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Sarrocco S, Mauro A, Battilani P. Use of Competitive Filamentous Fungi as an Alternative Approach for Mycotoxin Risk Reduction in Staple Cereals: State of Art and Future Perspectives. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E701. [PMID: 31810316 PMCID: PMC6950288 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11120701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Among plant fungal diseases, those affecting cereals represent a huge problem in terms of food security and safety. Cereals, such as maize and wheat, are very often targets of mycotoxigenic fungi. The limited availability of chemical plant protection products and physical methods to control mycotoxigenic fungi and to reduce food and feed mycotoxin contamination fosters alternative approaches, such as the use of beneficial fungi as an active ingredient of biological control products. Competitive interactions, including both exploitation and interference competition, between pathogenic and beneficial fungi, are generally recognized as mechanisms to control plant pathogens populations and to manage plant diseases. In the present review, two examples concerning the use of competitive beneficial filamentous fungi for the management of cereal diseases are discussed. The authors retrace the history of the well-established use of non-aflatoxigenic isolates of Aspergillus flavus to prevent aflatoxin contamination in maize and give an overview of the potential use of competitive beneficial filamentous fungi to manage Fusarium Head Blight on wheat and mitigate fusaria toxin contamination. Although important steps have been made towards the development of microorganisms as active ingredients of plant protection products, a reasoned revision of the registration rules is needed to significantly reduce the chemical based plant protection products in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sarrocco
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Antonio Mauro
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P.O. Box 34441 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania;
| | - Paola Battilani
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
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Torres Acosta JA, Michlmayr H, Shams M, Schweiger W, Wiesenberger G, Mitterbauer R, Werner U, Merz D, Hauser MT, Hametner C, Varga E, Krska R, Berthiller F, Adam G. Zearalenone and ß-Zearalenol But Not Their Glucosides Inhibit Heat Shock Protein 90 ATPase Activity. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1160. [PMID: 31680951 PMCID: PMC6813925 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) is produced by many plant pathogenic Fusarium species. It is well known for its estrogenic activity in humans and animals, but whether ZEN has a role in plant–pathogen interaction and which process it is targeting in planta was so far unclear. We found that treatment of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings with ZEN induced transcription of the AtHSP90.1 gene. This heat shock protein (HSP) plays an important role in plant–pathogen interaction, assisting in stability and functionality of various disease resistance gene products. Inhibition of HSP90 ATPase activity impairs functionality. Because HSP90 inhibitors are known to induce HSP90 gene expression and due to the structural similarity with the known HSP90 inhibitor radicicol (RAD), we tested whether ZEN and its phase I metabolites α- and ß-zearalenol are also HSP90 ATPase inhibitors. Indeed, AtHSP90.1 and wheat TaHSP90-2 were inhibited by ZEN and ß-zearalenol, while α-zearalenol was almost inactive. Plants can efficiently glycosylate ZEN and α/ß-zearalenol. We therefore tested whether glucosylation has an effect on the inhibitory activity of these metabolites. Expression of the A. thaliana glucosyltransferase UGT73C6 conferred RAD resistance to a sensitive yeast strain. Glucosylation of RAD, ZEN, and α/ß-zearalenol abolished the in vitro inhibitory activity with recombinant HSP90 purified from Escherichia coli. In conclusion, the mycotoxin ZEN has a very prominent target in plants, HSP90, but it can be inactivated by glycosylation. This may explain why there is little evidence for a virulence function of ZEN in host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Torres Acosta
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Michlmayr
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Mehrdad Shams
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schweiger
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerlinde Wiesenberger
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Mitterbauer
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Werner
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - David Merz
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie-Theres Hauser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Hametner
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Varga
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Austria
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Austria.,Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, University Road, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Franz Berthiller
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Austria
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
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Zhao L, Cheng Y, Li B, Gu X, Zhang X, Boateng NAS, Zhang H. Integration of proteome and transcriptome data reveals the mechanism involved in controlling of Fusarium graminearum by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:5760-5770. [PMID: 31162844 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that antagonistic microorganisms could effectively control the infection of Fusarium graminearum. However, there is limited information on the control of F. graminearum by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, while the possible control mechanisms involved through proteomic and transcriptomic techniques have also not been reported. RESULTS The results of this study showed that S. cerevisiae Y-912 could significantly inhibit the growth of F. graminearum Fg1, and the spore germination rate and germ tube length of F. graminearum Fg1 were also significantly inhibited by S. cerevisiae Y-912. Proteomic analysis revealed that differentially expressed proteins which were made of some basic proteins and enzymes related to basal metabolism, such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM), enolase (ENO), fructose diphosphate aldolase (FBA) and so on, were all down-regulated. The transcriptomics of F. graminearum control by S. cerevisiae was also analyzed. CONCLUSION The control mechanism of S. cerevisiae Y-912 on F. graminearum Fg1 was a very complex material and energy metabolic process in which the related proteins and genes involved in the glycolytic pathway, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and amino acid metabolism were all down-regulated. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yangyang Cheng
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiangyu Gu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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35
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Iqbal M, Dubey M, Broberg A, Viketoft M, Jensen DF, Karlsson M. Deletion of the Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase Gene nps1 in the Fungus Clonostachys rosea Attenuates Antagonism and Biocontrol of Plant Pathogenic Fusarium and Nematodes. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:1698-1709. [PMID: 31120795 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-19-0042-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites produced by biological control agents may influence the outcome of their interactions with plant pathogenic microorganisms and plants. In the present study, we investigated the role of the nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene nps1 expressed by the biocontrol fungus Clonostachys rosea. A gene expression analysis showed that nps1 was induced during confrontations with the plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Gene deletion strains of nps1 displayed increased growth rates and conidiation. However, the nematicidal activity of culture filtrates from C. rosea Δnps1 strains was significantly weaker than that from wild-type filtrates (P ≤ 0.001); after 24 h of incubation with culture filtrates from nps1 deletion strains, only 13 to 33% of a mixed community of nematodes were dead compared with 42% of nematodes incubated with wild-type culture filtrates. The Δnps1 strains also showed reduced biocontrol efficacy during pot experiments, thus failing to protect wheat seedlings from foot rot disease caused by the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum. Furthermore, C. rosea Δnps1 strains were not able to reduce populations of plant-parasitic nematodes in soil or in roots of wheat as efficiently as the wild-type strain. Both C. rosea wild-type and Δnps1 strains increased the dry shoot weight and shoot length of wheat by 20 and 13%, respectively. We showed that NPS1, a putative nonribosomal peptide synthetase encoded by nps1, is a biocontrol factor, presumably by producing a hitherto unknown nonribosomal peptide compound with antifungal and nematicidal properties that contributes to the biocontrol properties of C. rosea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassir Iqbal
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mukesh Dubey
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Broberg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Viketoft
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dan Funck Jensen
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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36
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Gimeno A, Sohlberg E, Pakula T, Limnell J, Keller B, Laitila A, Vogelgsang S. TaqMan qPCR for Quantification of Clonostachys rosea Used as a Biological Control Agent Against Fusarium graminearum. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1627. [PMID: 31379780 PMCID: PMC6646457 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonostachys rosea is a biological control agent against Fusarium graminearum in small grain cereals and maize. Infections with F. graminearum do not only reduce the yield but, due to the production of mycotoxins, also affect the entire value chain of food and feed. In addition, production of other secondary metabolites such as hydrophobins, also known as gushing inducers, may cause quality challenges for the malting and brewing industry. Sustainable disease control strategies using C. rosea are treatment of infected residues of the previous crop, direct treatment of the actual cereal crop or post-harvest treatment during malting processes. Follow-up of growth and survival of biocontrol organisms during these different stages is of crucial importance. In the current study, we developed a quantitative real-time PCR detection method that amends the currently available culture-dependent techniques by using TaqMan chemistry with a highly specific primer and probe set, targeting the actin gene. We established a sensitive assay that detects the biological control agent down to 100 genome copies per reaction, with PCR efficiencies between 90 and 100%. The specificity of the assay was confirmed against a panel of 30 fungal and 3 bacterial species including 12 members of the Fusarium head blight complex and DNA of barley, maize and wheat. The DNA of C. rosea was detected in Fusarium-infected maize crop residues that were either treated in the laboratory or in the field with C. rosea and followed its DNA throughout the barley malting process to estimate its growth during grain germination. We used a standardized DNA extraction protocol and showed that C. rosea can be quantified in different sample matrices. This method will enable the monitoring of C. rosea during experiments studying the biological control of F. graminearum on cereal crop residues and on cereal grains and will thus contribute to the development of a new disease control strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gimeno
- Ecological Plant Protection in Arable Crops, Research Division Plant Protection, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland.,Molecular Plant Biology and Phytopathology, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elina Sohlberg
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, Finland
| | - Tiina Pakula
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, Finland
| | - Jenni Limnell
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, Finland
| | - Beat Keller
- Molecular Plant Biology and Phytopathology, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arja Laitila
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, Finland
| | - Susanne Vogelgsang
- Ecological Plant Protection in Arable Crops, Research Division Plant Protection, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
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Lyagin I, Efremenko E. Enzymes for Detoxification of Various Mycotoxins: Origins and Mechanisms of Catalytic Action. Molecules 2019; 24:E2362. [PMID: 31247992 PMCID: PMC6651818 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are highly dangerous natural compounds produced by various fungi. Enzymatic transformation seems to be the most promising method for detoxification of mycotoxins. This review summarizes current information on enzymes of different classes to convert various mycotoxins. An in-depth analysis of 11 key enzyme mechanisms towards dozens of major mycotoxins was realized. Additionally, molecular docking of mycotoxins to enzymes' active centers was carried out to clarify some of these catalytic mechanisms. Analyzing protein homologues from various organisms (plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria), the prevalence and availability of natural sources of active biocatalysts with a high practical potential is discussed. The importance of multifunctional enzyme combinations for detoxification of mycotoxins is posed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Lyagin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, RAS, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Elena Efremenko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, RAS, Moscow 119334, Russia.
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38
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Chen SW, Wang HT, Shih WY, Ciou YA, Chang YY, Ananda L, Wang SY, Hsu JT. Application of Zearalenone (ZEN)-Detoxifying Bacillus in Animal Feed Decontamination through Fermentation. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E330. [PMID: 31181798 PMCID: PMC6628455 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11060330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is an estrogenic mycotoxin which can cause loss in animal production. The aim of this study was to screen Bacillus strains for their ZEN detoxification capability and use a fermentation process to validate their potential application in the feed industry. In the high-level ZEN-contaminated maize (5 mg·kg-1) fermentation test, B2 strain exhibited the highest detoxification rate, removing 56% of the ZEN. However, B2 strain was not the strain with the highest ZEN detoxification in the culturing media. When B2 grew in TSB medium with ZEN, it had higher bacterial numbers, lactic acid, acetic acid, total volatile fatty acids, and ammonia nitrogen. The ZEN-contaminated maize fermented by B2 strain had better fermentation characteristics (lactic acid > 110 mmol·L-1; acetic acid < 20 mmol·L-1; pH < 4.5) than ZEN-free maize. Furthermore, B2 also had detoxification capabilities toward aflatoxins B1, deoxynivalenol, fumonisin B1, and T2 toxin. Our study demonstrated differences in screening outcome between bacterial culturing conditions and the maize fermentation process. This is important for the feed industry to consider when choosing a proper method to screen candidate isolates for the pretreatment of ZEN-contaminated maize. It appears that using the fermentation process to address the ZEN-contaminated maize problem in animal feed is a reliable choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiau-Wei Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50, Lane 155, Sec 3, Keelung Rd, Taipei 10673, Taiwan.
| | - Han-Tsung Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50, Lane 155, Sec 3, Keelung Rd, Taipei 10673, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Yuan Shih
- Animal Resource Center, National Taiwan University, No. 118, Lane 155, Sec 3, Keelung Rd, Taipei 10673, Taiwan.
| | - Yan-An Ciou
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50, Lane 155, Sec 3, Keelung Rd, Taipei 10673, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Yi Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, No. 55, Hwa-Kang Rd, Taipei 11114, Taiwan.
| | - Laurensia Ananda
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, No. 55, Hwa-Kang Rd, Taipei 11114, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Yin Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, No. 55, Hwa-Kang Rd, Taipei 11114, Taiwan.
| | - Jih-Tay Hsu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50, Lane 155, Sec 3, Keelung Rd, Taipei 10673, Taiwan.
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Wang J, Yang F, Yang P, Liu J, Lv Z. Microbial reduction of zearalenone by a new isolated Lysinibacillus sp. ZJ-2016-1. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2018. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2017.2264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) has a strong reproductive toxicity. Reducing and eliminating ZEA from food and feed is of great significance. The aim of the present study was to screen bacteria for reduction of ZEA. A pure culture of strain ZJ-2016-1, identified as Lysinibacillus sp. by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis methods, was isolated from chicken large intestine digesta and showed to be effective in eliminating ZEA; 32 μg/ml of ZEA in Luria-Bertani medium was completely removed within 48 h by whole cells of ZJ-2016-1. Heating treatment significantly reduced the removal rate of ZEA from 95.8 to 10.4% in the culture supernatant, suggesting that the microbial reduction of ZEA was likely enzymatic. The optimal conditions for the microbial reduction of ZEA by ZJ-2016-1 included temperature of 37 °C and pH of 7.0. To sum up, these results indicated that the Lysinibacillus strain is a promising bacterium resource for reducing ZEA, and its genes and enzymes involved in microbial reduction of ZEA should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.Q. Wang
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China P.R
| | - F. Yang
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China P.R
| | - P.L. Yang
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China P.R
| | - J. Liu
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China P.R
| | - Z.H. Lv
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China P.R
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40
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Fatema U, Broberg A, Jensen DF, Karlsson M, Dubey M. Functional analysis of polyketide synthase genes in the biocontrol fungus Clonostachys rosea. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15009. [PMID: 30301915 PMCID: PMC6177402 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clonostachys rosea is a mycoparasitic fungus used for biological control of plant diseases. Its genome contains 31 genes putatively encoding for polyketide synthases (PKSs), 75% of which are arranged in biosynthetic gene clusters. Gene expression analysis during C. rosea interactions with the fungal plant pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium graminearum showed common and species-specific induction of PKS genes. Our data showed a culture media dependent correlation between PKS gene expression and degree of antagonism in C. rosea. The pks22 and pks29 genes were highly induced during fungal-fungal interactions but not during pigmentation, and gene deletion studies revealed that PKS29 was required for full antagonism against B. cinerea, and for biocontrol of fusarium foot rot on barley. Metabolite analysis revealed that Δpks29 strains has a 50% reduced production (P = 0.001) of an unknown polyketide with molecular formula C15H28O3, while Δpks22 strains lost the ability to produce four previously unknown polyketides named Clonorosein A-D. Clonorosein A and B were purified, their structures determined, and showed strong antifungal activity against B. cinerea and F. graminearum. These results show that PKS22 is required for production of antifungal polyketide Clonorosein A-D, and demonstrate the role of PKS29 in antagonism and biocontrol of fungal plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umma Fatema
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7026, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, 412 Plant Science Building 1405 Veterans Drive, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546-0312, USA
| | - Anders Broberg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dan Funck Jensen
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7026, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7026, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mukesh Dubey
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7026, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
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41
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Liu Y, Wan Y, Zhu J, Yu Z, Tian X, Han J, Zhang Z, Han W. Theoretical Study on Zearalenol Compounds Binding with Wild Type Zearalenone Hydrolase and V153H Mutant. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092808. [PMID: 30231501 PMCID: PMC6165071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone hydrolase (ZHD) is the only reported α/β-hydrolase that can detoxify zearalenone (ZEN). ZHD has demonstrated its potential as a treatment for ZEN contamination that will not result in damage to cereal crops. Recent researches have shown that the V153H mutant ZHD increased the specific activity against α-ZOL, but decreased its specific activity to β-ZOL. To understand whyV153H mutation showed catalytic specificity for α-ZOL, four molecular dynamics simulations combining with protein network analysis for wild type ZHD α-ZOL, ZHD β-ZOL, V153H α-ZOL, and V153H β-ZOL complexes were performed using Gromacs software. Our theoretical results indicated that the V153H mutant could cause a conformational switch at the cap domain (residues Gly161–Thr190) to affect the relative position catalytic residue (H242). Protein network analysis illustrated that the V153H mutation enhanced the communication with the whole protein and residues with high betweenness in the four complexes, which were primarily assembled in the cap domain and residues Met241 to Tyr245 regions. In addition, the existence of α-ZOL binding to V153H mutation enlarged the distance from the OAE atom in α-ZOL to the NE2 atom in His242, which prompted the side chain of H242 to the position with catalytic activity, thereby increasing the activity of V153H on the α-ZOL. Furthermore, α-ZOL could easily form a right attack angle and attack distance in the ZHD and α-ZOL complex to guarantee catalytic reaction. The alanine scanning results indicated that modifications of the residues in the cap domain produced significant changes in the binding affinity for α-ZOL and β-ZOL. Our results may provide useful theoretical evidence for the mechanism underlying the catalytic specificity of ZHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory of AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China.
| | - Youzhong Wan
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory of AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China.
| | - Jingxuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory of AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China.
| | - Zhengfei Yu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory of AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China.
| | - Xiaopian Tian
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory of AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China.
| | - Jiarui Han
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory of AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China.
| | - Zuoming Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory of AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China.
| | - Weiwei Han
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory of AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China.
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42
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Garcia SO, Feltrin ACP, Garda-Buffon J. Zearalenone reduction by commercial peroxidase enzyme and peroxidases from soybean bran and rice bran. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2018; 35:1819-1831. [PMID: 29889651 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1486044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The peroxidase (POD) enzyme, obtained from different sources, has been described in the literature regarding its good results of reduction in concentration or degradation levels of mycotoxins, such as aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone (ZEA). This study aimed at evaluating the action of commercial POD and POD from soybean bran (SB) and rice bran (RB) in ZEA reduction in a model solution and the characterisation of the mechanism of enzyme action. POD was extracted from SB and RB in phosphate buffer by orbital agitation. Evaluation of the action of commercial POD and POD from SB and RB in ZEA reduction was carried out in phosphate buffer and aqueous solution, respectively. Parameters of (Michaelis-Menten constant) (KM) and maximal rate (Vmax) were determined in the concentration range from 0.16 to 6 µg mL-1. ZEA reduction was determined and the mechanism of enzyme action was characterised by FTIR and high-pressure liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Commercial POD and POD from RB and SB reduced ZEA concentration by 69.9%, 47.4% and 30.6% in 24 h, respectively. KM values were 39.61 and 8.90 µM, whereas Vmax values were 0.170 and 0.011 µM min-1 for commercial POD and POD from RB, respectively. The characterisation of the mechanism of enzyme action showed the oxidoreductive action of commercial POD in the mycotoxin. The use of commercial POD and POD from agro-industrial by-products, such as SB and RB, could be a promising alternative for ZEA biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina O Garcia
- a Post Graduate Program in Engineering and Science of Food, School of Chemistry and Food, Laboratory of Food Science and Mycotoxins , Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG) , Rio Grande , RS , Brazil
| | - Ana Carla P Feltrin
- a Post Graduate Program in Engineering and Science of Food, School of Chemistry and Food, Laboratory of Food Science and Mycotoxins , Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG) , Rio Grande , RS , Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Garda-Buffon
- a Post Graduate Program in Engineering and Science of Food, School of Chemistry and Food, Laboratory of Food Science and Mycotoxins , Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG) , Rio Grande , RS , Brazil
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43
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Nygren K, Dubey M, Zapparata A, Iqbal M, Tzelepis GD, Durling MB, Jensen DF, Karlsson M. The mycoparasitic fungus Clonostachys rosea responds with both common and specific gene expression during interspecific interactions with fungal prey. Evol Appl 2018; 11:931-949. [PMID: 29928301 PMCID: PMC5999205 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Clonostachys rosea is a necrotrophic mycoparasitic fungus, used for biological control of plant pathogenic fungi. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms resulting in successful biocontrol is important for knowledge-based improvements of the application and use of biocontrol in agricultural production systems. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that C. rosea responded with both common and specific gene expression during interactions with the fungal prey species Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium graminearum. Genes predicted to encode proteins involved in membrane transport, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and carbohydrate-active enzymes were induced during the mycoparasitic attack. Predicted major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters constituted 54% of the induced genes, and detailed phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses showed that a majority of these genes belonged to MFS gene families evolving under selection for increased paralog numbers, with predicted functions in drug resistance and transport of carbohydrates and small organic compounds. Sequence analysis of MFS transporters from family 2.A.1.3.65 identified rapidly evolving loop regions forming the entry to the transport tunnel, indicating changes in substrate specificity as a target for selection. Deletion of the MFS transporter gene mfs464 resulted in mutants with increased growth inhibitory activity against F. graminearum, providing evidence for a function in interspecific fungal interactions. In summary, we show that the mycoparasite C. rosea can distinguish between fungal prey species and modulate its transcriptomic responses accordingly. Gene expression data emphasize the importance of secondary metabolites in mycoparasitic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Nygren
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant PathologyUppsala BiocenterSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Mukesh Dubey
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant PathologyUppsala BiocenterSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Antonio Zapparata
- Department of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Mudassir Iqbal
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant PathologyUppsala BiocenterSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Georgios D. Tzelepis
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant PathologyUppsala BiocenterSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
- Department of Plant BiologyUppsala BiocenterLinnean Centre for Plant BiologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Mikael Brandström Durling
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant PathologyUppsala BiocenterSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Dan Funck Jensen
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant PathologyUppsala BiocenterSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant PathologyUppsala BiocenterSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
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44
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Ogawara H. Comparison of Strategies to Overcome Drug Resistance: Learning from Various Kingdoms. Molecules 2018; 23:E1476. [PMID: 29912169 PMCID: PMC6100412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance, especially antibiotic resistance, is a growing threat to human health. To overcome this problem, it is significant to know precisely the mechanisms of drug resistance and/or self-resistance in various kingdoms, from bacteria through plants to animals, once more. This review compares the molecular mechanisms of the resistance against phycotoxins, toxins from marine and terrestrial animals, plants and fungi, and antibiotics. The results reveal that each kingdom possesses the characteristic features. The main mechanisms in each kingdom are transporters/efflux pumps in phycotoxins, mutation and modification of targets and sequestration in marine and terrestrial animal toxins, ABC transporters and sequestration in plant toxins, transporters in fungal toxins, and various or mixed mechanisms in antibiotics. Antibiotic producers in particular make tremendous efforts for avoiding suicide, and are more flexible and adaptable to the changes of environments. With these features in mind, potential alternative strategies to overcome these resistance problems are discussed. This paper will provide clues for solving the issues of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ogawara
- HO Bio Institute, Yushima-2, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan.
- Department of Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Noshio-2, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
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45
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Kim SH, Vujanovic V. Biodegradation and biodetoxification of Fusarium mycotoxins by Sphaerodes mycoparasitica. AMB Express 2017; 7:145. [PMID: 28687037 PMCID: PMC5500597 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0446-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A fungus Sphaerodes mycoparasitica SMCD 2220-01 is a host specific mycoparasite against plant pathogenic Fusarium species. Fusarium spp. are producing a plethora of mycotoxins including zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON) and its acetylated derivatives, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON) and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON). The SMCD 2220-01 strain substantially reduced DON, 3-ADON, 15-ADON, and ZEN production capacity in co-culture system. Degradation and detoxification of the pure mycotoxins were also achieved when exposed to SMCD 2220-01 in shake flasks. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) combined with high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-HRMS) revealed that the amount of mycotoxins exposed to SMCD 2220-01 was considerably reduced compared to control. ZEN level was decreased by 97%, while zearalenone sulfate ([M-H+SO3]- at m/z 397.1052 C18H21O8S1) was detected as a metabolite of ZEN converted to less toxic molecule by the mycoparasite. Further, the mycoparasite appeared to degrade DON, 3-ADON, and 15-ADON by 89, 58, and 72%, respectively. The deoxynivalenol sulfate ([M-COCH3+SO3-CH2O]- at m/z 345.2300 C14H17O8S1) was detected as a less toxic metabolic product of DON and 3-ADON. These findings report the SMCD 2220-01 effectiveness to lower mycotoxins-producing capacities of Fusarium, degrade pure mycotoxins and transform them to less toxic metabolites, opening new opportunities for research and innovation for detoxification of mycotoxins.
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Modified mycotoxins: An updated review on their formation, detection, occurrence, and toxic effects. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 111:189-205. [PMID: 29158197 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Modified mycotoxins are metabolites that normally remain undetected during the testing for parent mycotoxin. These modified forms of mycotoxins can be produced by fungi or generated as part of the defense mechanism of the infected plant. In some cases, they are formed during food processing. The various processing steps greatly affect mycotoxin levels present in the final product (free and modified), although the results are still controversial regarding the increase or reduction of these levels, being strongly related to the type of process and the composition of the food in question. Evidence exists that some modified mycotoxins can be converted into the parent mycotoxin during digestion in humans and animals, potentially leading to adverse health effects. Some of these formed compounds can be even more toxic, in case they have higher bioaccessibility and bioavailability than the parent mycotoxin. The modified mycotoxins can occur simultaneously with the free mycotoxin, and, in some cases, the concentration of modified mycotoxins may exceed the level of free mycotoxin in processed foods. Even though toxicological data are scarce, the possibility of modified mycotoxin conversion to its free form may result in a potential risk to human and animal health. This review aims to update information on the formation, detection, occurrence, and toxic effects caused by modified mycotoxin.
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Abstract
Mycoparasitism is a lifestyle where one fungus establishes parasitic interactions with other fungi. Species of the genus Trichoderma together with Clonostachys rosea are among the most studied fungal mycoparasites. They have wide host ranges comprising several plant pathogens and are used for biological control of plant diseases. Trichoderma as well as C. rosea mycoparasites efficiently overgrow and kill their fungal prey by using infection structures and by applying lytic enzymes and toxic metabolites. Most of our knowledge on the putative signals and signaling pathways involved in prey recognition and activation of the mycoparasitic response is derived from studies with Trichoderma. These fungi rely on G-protein signaling, the cAMP pathway, and mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades during growth and development as well as during mycoparasitism. The signals being recognized by the mycoparasite may include surface molecules and surface properties as well as secondary metabolites and other small molecules released from the prey. Their exact nature, however, remains elusive so far. Recent genomics-based studies of mycoparasitic fungi of the order Hypocreales, i.e., Trichoderma species, C. rosea, Tolypocladium ophioglossoides, and Escovopsis weberi, revealed not only several gene families with a mycoparasitism-related expansion of gene paralogue numbers, but also distinct differences between the different mycoparasites. We use this information to illustrate the biological principles and molecular basis of necrotrophic mycoparasitism and compare the mycoparasitic strategies of Trichoderma as a "model" mycoparasite with the behavior and special features of C. rosea, T. ophioglossoides, and E. weberi.
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Wang G, Yu M, Dong F, Shi J, Xu J. Esterase activity inspired selection and characterization of zearalenone degrading bacteria Bacillus pumilus ES-21. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Jensen B, Lübeck PS, Jørgensen HJ. Clonostachys rosea reduces spot blotch in barley by inhibiting prepenetration growth and sporulation of Bipolaris sorokiniana without inducing resistance. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:2231-2239. [PMID: 26910381 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several diseases threaten cereal production, and fungicides are therefore widely used. Biological control is an environmentally friendly alternative, and the fungus Clonostachys rosea is a versatile antagonist, effective against several plant diseases. We studied the ability of C. rosea to control barley leaf pathogens and the mechanisms behind the inhibition, emphasising induced resistance. RESULTS Under controlled conditions, spray application of C. rosea isolate IK726 to barley leaves reduced Bipolaris sorokiniana severity by up to 70% when applied 24 h before or simultaneously with the pathogen, whereas application 24 h after the pathogen had no effect. IK726 also reduced the sporulation capacity of B. sorokiniana. Microscopy of B. sorokiniana infection revealed that IK726 primarily inhibited conidial germination and appressorium formation, while further pathogen development and host defence reactions (papillae and fluorescent epidermal cells) were unaffected. Likewise, expression of defence-related genes encoding PR proteins was unaltered. In addition to B. sorokiniana, IK726 also reduced infection by Drechslera teres and Rhynchosporium commune. CONCLUSION C. rosea acted as a protectant against three barley leaf pathogens. B. sorokiniana was directly inhibited by IK726, whereas induced resistance appeared not to be involved. Quantitative microscopy is a powerful tool for elucidating mechanisms involved in disease control. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Peter S Lübeck
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Section for Sustainable Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry and BioScience, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Jl Jørgensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Xu J, Wang H, Zhu Z, Ji F, Yin X, Hong Q, Shi J. Isolation and characterization of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ZDS-1: Exploring the degradation of Zearalenone by Bacillus spp. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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