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Wang C, Hao D, Jiao W, Li J, Yuan J, Ma Y, Wang X, Xu A, Wang M, Wang Y. Identification and Fungicide Sensitivity of Fusarium spp. Associated with Root Rot of Scutellaria baicalensis in Shanxi Province, China. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:1533-1541. [PMID: 38377011 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-23-0173-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium root rot is usually classified as an extremely destructive soilborne disease. From 2020 to 2021, Fusarium root rot was observed in production areas and seriously affected the yield and quality of Scutellaria baicalensis in Shanxi Province, China. Based on morphological characteristics and combined analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA and translation elongation factor 1-alpha sequences, 68 Fusarium isolates obtained in this work were identified as F. oxysporum (52.94%), F. acuminatum (20.59%), F. solani (16.17%), F. proliferatum (5.88%), F. incarnatum (2.94%), and F. brachygibbosum (1.47%). In the pathogenicity tests, all Fusarium isolates could infect S. baicalensis roots, presenting different pathogenic ability. Among these isolates, F. oxysporum was found to have the highest virulence on S. baicalensis roots, followed by F. acuminatum, F. solani, F. proliferatum, F. brachygibbosum, and F. incarnatum. According to fungicide sensitivity tests, Fusarium isolates were more sensitive to fludioxonil and difenoconazole, followed by carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, and hymexazol. In brief, this is the first report of Fusarium species (F. oxysporum, F. acuminatum, F. solani, F. proliferatum, F. incarnatum, and F. brachygibbosum) as causal agents of root rot of S. baicalensis in Shanxi Province, China. The fungicide sensitivity results will be helpful for formulating management strategies of S. baicalensis root rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunwei Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Dainan Hao
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Wenhui Jiao
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Jiangbo Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Jiaqi Yuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Yurong Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng, Shanxi 044000, China
| | - Ailing Xu
- Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng, Shanxi 044000, China
| | - Meiqin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
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Fungal Pathogens Associated with Crown and Root Rot in Wheat-Growing Areas of Northern Kyrgyzstan. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010124. [PMID: 36675945 PMCID: PMC9867107 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal species associated with crown and root rot diseases in wheat have been extensively studied in many parts of the world. However, no reports on the relative importance and distribution of pathogens associated with wheat crown and root rot in Kyrgyzstan have been published. Hence, fungal species associated with wheat crown/root rot were surveyed in three main wheat production regions in northern Kyrgyzstan. Fungal species were isolated on 1/5 strength potato-dextrose agar amended with streptomycin (0.1 g/L) and chloramphenicol (0.05 g/L). A total of 598 fungal isolates from symptomatic tissues were identified using morphological features of the cultures and conidia, as well as sequence analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the translation elongation factor 1α (TEF1), and the RNA polymerase II beta subunit (RPB2) genes. The percentage of fields from which each fungus was isolated and their relative percentage isolation levels were determined. Bipolaris sorokiniana, the causal agent of common root rot, was the most prevalent pathogenic species isolated, being isolated from 86.67% of the fields surveyed at a frequency of isolation of 40.64%. Fusarium spp. accounted for 53.01% of all isolates and consisted of 12 different species. The most common Fusarium species identified was Fusarium acuminatum, which was isolated from 70% of the sites surveyed with an isolation frequency of 21.57%, followed by Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium nygamai, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium equiseti, all of which had a field incidence of more than 23%. Inoculation tests with 44 isolates representing 17 species on the susceptible Triticum aestivum cv. Seri 82 revealed that Fusarium pseudograminearum and F. culmorum isolates were equally the most virulent pathogens. The widespread distribution of moderately virulent B. sorokiniana appears to be a serious threat to wheat culture, limiting yield and quality. With the exception of F. culmorum, the remaining Fusarium species did not pose a significant threat to wheat production in the surveyed areas because common species, such as F. acuminatum, F. nygamai, F. oxysporum, and F. equiseti, were non-pathogenic but infrequent species, such as Fusarium redolens, Fusarium algeriense, and F. pseudograminearum, were highly or moderately virulent. Curvularia inaequalis, which was found in three different fields, was mildly virulent. The remaining Fusarium species, Fusarium solani, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium burgessii, and Fusarium tricinctum, as well as Microdochium bolleyi, Microdochium nivale, and Macrophomina phaseolina, were non-pathogenic and considered to be secondary colonizers. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Li F, Ebihara A, Sakahara Y, Matsumoto S, Ueno R, Bao W, Kimura M, Fuji SI, Shimizu M, Kageyama K, Suga H. Synergistic effect of amino acid substitutions in CYP51B for prochloraz resistance in Fusarium fujikuroi. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 189:105291. [PMID: 36549812 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Prochloraz has been used to control Fusarium fujikuroi, the causative pathogen of rice bakanae disease. Linkage analysis of FfCYP51 genes in the progenies obtained from crossing prochloraz moderately resistant and sensitive strains suggested that the FfCYP51B gene is involved in prochloraz resistance. Sequence comparison revealed that the prochloraz-resistant strain had an F511S or S312T/F511S substitution in FfCYP51B compared with the sensitive strains. The contribution of the S312T and F511S substitutions in FfCYP51B to prochloraz resistance was investigated by creating S/F-, T/F-, or T/S- types at 312/511 codons from the S/S-type, which is a natural moderately resistant strain, using a gene-editing technique. T/S exhibited the highest prochloraz resistance, followed by S/S-, T/F-, and S/F-types. These results indicated that the S312T and F511S substitutions in FfCYP51B had a synergistic effect on prochloraz resistance in F. fujikuroi.
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Affiliation(s)
- FangJing Li
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akio Ebihara
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yuri Sakahara
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Sarara Matsumoto
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Reina Ueno
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - WanXue Bao
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Makoto Kimura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Fuji
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi Nakano Shimoshinjo, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Masafumi Shimizu
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Koji Kageyama
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Suga
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan..
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Pramunadipta S, Widiastuti A, Wibowo A, Suga H, Priyatmojo A. Development of PCR-RFLP Technique for Identify Several Members of Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti Species Complex and Fusarium fujikuroi Species Complex. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 38:254-260. [PMID: 35678059 PMCID: PMC9343909 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.nt.12.2021.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) contain over 40 members. The primer pair Smibo1FM/Semi1RM on the RPB2 partial gene has been reported to be able to identify Fusarium semitectum. The F. fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) contains more than 50 members. The F. verticillioides as a member of this complex can be identified by using VER1/VER2 primer pair on the CaM partial gene. In this research, the Smibo1FM/Semi1RM can amplify F. sulawesiense, F. hainanense, F. bubalinum, and F. tanahbumbuense, members of FIESC at 424 bp. The VER1/VER2 can amplify F. verticillioides, F. andiyazi, and F. pseudocircinatum, members of FFSC at 578 bp. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism by using the combination of three restriction enzymes EcoRV, MspI, and HpyAV can differentiate each species of FIESC used. The two restriction enzymes HpaII and NspI can distinguish each species of FFSC used. The proper identification process is required for pathogen control in the field in order to reduce crop yield loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syafiqa Pramunadipta
- Graduate Student of Doctoral Program in Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281,
Indonesia
| | - Ani Widiastuti
- Departement of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281,
Indonesia
| | - Arif Wibowo
- Departement of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281,
Indonesia
| | - Haruhisa Suga
- Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193,
Japan
| | - Achmadi Priyatmojo
- Departement of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281,
Indonesia
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Li FJ, Komura R, Nakashima C, Shimizu M, Kageyama K, Suga H. Molecular Diagnosis of Thiophanate-Methyl-Resistant Strains of Fusarium fujikuroi in Japan. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:634-640. [PMID: 34494869 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-21-1501-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium fujikuroi is the pathogen of rice bakanae disease and is subclassified into gibberellin and fumonisin groups (G and F groups). Thiophanate-methyl (TM), a benzimidazole fungicide, has been used extensively to control F. fujikuroi. Previous investigation showed that F-group strains are TM sensitive (TMS), whereas most G-group strains are TM resistant (TMR) in Japan. The minimum inhibitory concentration in TMS strains was 1 to 10 μg ml-1, whereas that in TMR strains was >100 μg ml-1. E198K and F200Y mutations in β2-tubulin were detected in TMR strains. A loop-mediated isothermal amplification-fluorescent loop primer method was developed for diagnosis of these mutations and applied to 37 TMR strains and 56 TMS strains. The results indicated that 100% of TMR strains were identified as having either the E198K mutation (41%) or the F200Y mutation (59%), whereas none of the TMS strains tested showed either mutation. We found one remarkable TMR strain in the F group that had an F200Y mutation. These results suggest that E198K and F200Y mutations in β2-tubulin contribute to TM resistance in F. fujikuroi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Jing Li
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Ryoji Komura
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Chiharu Nakashima
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masafumi Shimizu
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Koji Kageyama
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Suga
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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Sultana S, Bao W, Shimizu M, Kageyama K, Suga H. Frequency of three mutations in the fumonisin biosynthetic gene cluster of Fusarium fujikuroi that are predicted to block fumonisin production. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2020.2572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium fujikuroi is the most prominent pathogen found in rice. In addition to gibberellin, F. fujikuroi produces various secondary metabolites, including the polyketide mycotoxins, fumonisins. Fumonisin production is conferred by the fumonisin biosynthetic gene (FUM) cluster consisting of 15-17 genes. F. fujikuroi is phylogenetically subclassified into one group with fumonisin production (F-group) and another group in which fumonisin production is undetectable (G-group). In a previous study, a G-to-T substitution (FUM21_G2551T) in the FUM cluster transcription factor gene, FUM21, was identified as a cause of fumonisin-non-production in a G-group strain. In the current study, further analysis of G-group strains identified two additional mutations that involved FUM-cluster genes essential for fumonisin production: (1) a 22.4-kbp deletion in the FUM10-FUM19 region; and (2) a 1.4-kbp insertion in FUM6. PCR analysis of 44 G-group strains, indicated that 84% had the FUM21_G2551T mutation, 50% had the 22.4-kbp FUM10-FUM19 deletion, and 32% had the 1.4-kbp insertion in FUM6, and some strains had two or all the mutations. None of the mutations were detected in the 51 F-group strains examined. Each of the three mutations alone could account for the lack of fumonisin production in G-group strains. However, one G-group strain did not have any of the mutations. Therefore, another mutation(s) is likely responsible for the lack of fumonisin production in some G-group strains of F. fujikuroi.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Sultana
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - W.X. Bao
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - M. Shimizu
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - K. Kageyama
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - H. Suga
- Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Qiu J, Lu Y, He D, Lee YW, Ji F, Xu J, Shi J. Fusarium fujikuroi Species Complex Associated With Rice, Maize, and Soybean From Jiangsu Province, China: Phylogenetic, Pathogenic, and Toxigenic Analysis. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:2193-2201. [PMID: 32552395 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-19-1909-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Species belonging to the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) are of vital importance and are a major concern for food quantity and quality worldwide, as they not only cause serious diseases in crops but also produce various mycotoxins. To characterize the population structure and evaluate the risk of poisonous secondary metabolites, a total of 237 candidate strains were isolated from rice, maize, and soybean samples in Jiangsu Province, China. Species identification of the individual strain was accomplished by sequencing the translation elongation factor 1α gene (TEF-1α) and the fumonisin (FB) synthetic gene (FUM1). The distribution of Fusarium species among the different crops was observed. The maize seeds were dominated by F. proliferatum (teleomorph, Gibberella intermedia) and F. verticillioides (teleomorph, G. moniliformis), whereas F. fujikuroi (teleomorph, G. fujikuroi) was the most frequently isolated species from rice and soybean samples. In addition, phylogenetic analyses of these strains were performed, and the results suggested clear groups showing no obvious relationship with the origin source. FFSC species pathogenicity and toxigenicity were studied. All of the species reduced the rice seed germination rate, with no significant differences. F. fujikuroi showed two distinct patterns of influencing the length of rice seedlings, which were correlated with FBs and gibberellic acid synthesis. FBs were mainly produced by F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum. F. proliferatum and F. fujikuroi also produced moniliformin and beauvericin. The toxigenicity of F. andiyazi (teleomorph, G. andiyazi) was extremely low. Further analysis indicated that the sequence variations in TEF-1α and the differences in the expression levels of the toxin synthesis genes were associated with the diversity of secondary metabolites in F. fujikuroi strains. These findings provide insight into the population-level characterization of the FFSC and might be helpful in the development of strategies for the management of diseases and mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety - State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety; and Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yunan Lu
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Dan He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety - State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety; and Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yin-Won Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Fang Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety - State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety; and Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Microbiology Discipline, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
| | - Jianhong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety - State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety; and Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jianrong Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety - State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety; and Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Sultana S, Kitajima M, Kobayashi H, Nakagawa H, Shimizu M, Kageyama K, Suga H. A Natural Variation of Fumonisin Gene Cluster Associated with Fumonisin Production Difference in Fusarium fujikuroi. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11040200. [PMID: 30987138 PMCID: PMC6521250 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11040200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium fujikuroi, a member of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex, stands out as a rice bakanae disease pathogen with a high production of gibberellic acid. Not all, but some F. fujikuroi strains are known to produce a carcinogenic mycotoxin fumonisin. Fumonisin biosynthesis is dependent on the FUM cluster composed of 16 FUM genes. The FUM cluster was detected not only from a fumonisin producing strain, but also from a fumonisin nonproducing strain that does not produce a detectable level of fumonisin. Genetic mapping indicated the causative mutation(s) of fumonisin nonproduction is present in the FUM cluster of the fumonisin nonproducing strain. Comparative analyses of FUM genes between the fumonisin producing and the nonproducing strains and gene complementation indicated that causative mutation of fumonisin nonproduction is not a single occurrence and the mutations are distributed in FUM21 and FUM7. Our research revealed a natural variation in the FUM cluster involving fumonisin production difference in F. fujikuroi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Sultana
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Miha Kitajima
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Hironori Kobayashi
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Nakagawa
- Faculty of National Food Research Institute, NARO, Tsukuba 305-8642, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Shimizu
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Koji Kageyama
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Haruhisa Suga
- Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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Genetic Differentiation Associated with Fumonisin and Gibberellin Production in Japanese Fusarium fujikuroi. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 85:AEM.02414-18. [PMID: 30341078 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02414-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium fujikuroi is a pathogenic fungus that infects rice. It produces several important mycotoxins, such as fumonisins. Fumonisin production has been detected in strains of maize, strawberry, and wheat, whereas it has not been detected in strains from rice seedlings infested with bakanae disease in Japan. We investigated the genetic relationships, pathogenicity, and resistance to a fungicide, thiophanate-methyl (TM), in 51 fumonisin-producing strains and 44 nonproducing strains. Phylogenetic analyses based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and two specific genes (a combined sequence of translation elongation factor 1α [TEF1α] and RNA polymerase II second-largest subunit [RPB2]) indicated differential clustering between the fumonisin-producing and -nonproducing strains. One of the AFLP markers, EATMCAY107, was specifically present in the fumonisin-producing strains. A specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) between the fumonisin-producing and nonproducing strains was also detected in RPB2, in addition to an SNP previously found in TEF1α. Gibberellin production was higher in the nonproducing than in the producing strains according to an in vitro assay, and the nonproducing strains had the strongest pathogenicity with regard to rice seedlings. TM resistance was closely correlated with the cluster of fumonisin-nonproducing strains. The results indicate that intraspecific evolution in Japanese F. fujikuroi is associated with fumonisin production and pathogenicity. Two subgroups of Japanese F. fujikuroi, designated G group and F group, were distinguished based on phylogenetic differences and the high production of gibberellin and fumonisin, respectively.IMPORTANCE Fusarium fujikuroi is a pathogenic fungus that causes rice bakanae disease. Historically, this pathogen has been known as Fusarium moniliforme, along with many other species based on a broad species concept. Gibberellin, which is currently known as a plant hormone, is a virulence factor of F. fujikuroi Fumonisin is a carcinogenic mycotoxin posing a serious threat to food and feed safety. Although it has been confirmed that F. fujikuroi produces gibberellin and fumonisin, production varies among strains, and individual production has been obscured by the traditional appellation of F. moniliforme, difficulties in species identification, and variation in the assays used to determine the production of these secondary metabolites. In this study, we discovered two phylogenetic subgroups associated with fumonisin and gibberellin production in Japanese F. fujikuroi.
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Shi W, Tan Y, Wang S, Gardiner DM, De Saeger S, Liao Y, Wang C, Fan Y, Wang Z, Wu A. Mycotoxigenic Potentials of Fusarium Species in Various Culture Matrices Revealed by Mycotoxin Profiling. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 9:E6. [PMID: 28035973 PMCID: PMC5308239 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, twenty of the most common Fusarium species were molecularly characterized and inoculated on potato dextrose agar (PDA), rice and maize medium, where thirty three targeted mycotoxins, which might be the secondary metabolites of the identified fungal species, were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Statistical analysis was performed with principal component analysis (PCA) to characterize the mycotoxin profiles for the twenty fungi, suggesting that these fungi species could be discriminated and divided into three groups as follows. Group I, the fusaric acid producers, were defined into two subgroups, namely subgroup I as producers of fusaric acid and fumonisins, comprising of F. proliferatum, F. verticillioides, F. fujikuroi and F. solani, and subgroup II considered to only produce fusaric acid, including F. temperatum, F. subglutinans, F. musae, F. tricinctum, F. oxysporum, F. equiseti, F. sacchari, F. concentricum, F. andiyazi. Group II, as type A trichothecenes producers, included F. langsethiae, F. sporotrichioides, F. polyphialidicum, while Group III were found to mainly produce type B trichothecenes, comprising of F. culmorum, F. poae, F. meridionale and F. graminearum. A comprehensive picture, which presents the mycotoxin-producing patterns by the selected fungal species in various matrices, is obtained for the first time, and thus from an application point of view, provides key information to explore mycotoxigenic potentials of Fusarium species and forecast the Fusarium infestation/mycotoxins contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Yanglan Tan
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 294 Taiyuan Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Shuangxia Wang
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 294 Taiyuan Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Donald M Gardiner
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia QLD 4067, Australia.
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Gent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Yucai Liao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China.
| | - Cheng Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Urumqi), Ministry of Agriculture, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 403 Nanchang Road, Urumqi 830091, China.
| | - Yingying Fan
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Urumqi), Ministry of Agriculture, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 403 Nanchang Road, Urumqi 830091, China.
| | - Zhouping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Aibo Wu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 294 Taiyuan Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Bolton SL, Brannen PM, Glenn AE. A Novel Population of Fusarium fujikuroi Isolated from Southeastern U.S. Winegrapes Reveals the Need to Re-Evaluate the Species' Fumonisin Production. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8090254. [PMID: 27589800 PMCID: PMC5037480 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8090254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins pose a challenge to a safe food supply worldwide, and their threat is expected to worsen with our changing climate. The need for diligence is exemplified by the discovery of fumonisin B2 in wine, which joins ochratoxin A as a mycotoxin of concern in the grape-wine chain. To elucidate the mycotoxin risk in southeastern American wine, grape samples were collected from vineyards during harvest in 2013 and potentially mycotoxigenic fungi (Fusarium and Aspergillus) were isolated from the samples. Numerous Fusarium isolates were recovered and identified to the species level by comparison of translation elongation factor 1-α gene sequences to verified strains. Fusariumfujikuroi was the most abundant species recovered (239 isolates), followed by F. proliferatum (52), F. incarnatum-equiseti (14), F. oxysporum (7), F. concentricum (1), and F. solani (1). In vitro assays quantified fumonisin production for representative isolates via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Surprisingly, nearly all F. fujikuroi isolates produced fumonisins B1, B2, and B3 at levels comparable to both the F. proliferatum isolates and the positive control, Fusariumverticillioides. Such capacity for fumonisin production refutes the generally accepted notion that F.fujikuroi produces undetectable or low levels of fumonisins and provides evidence to reconsider this species as a mycotoxigenic threat to economically significant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Bolton
- Department of Plant Pathology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Phillip M Brannen
- Department of Plant Pathology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Anthony E Glenn
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, R.B. Russell Research Center, USDA-ARS, Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
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12
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Mycotoxins in Food and Feed: A Challenge for the Twenty-First Century. BIOLOGY OF MICROFUNGI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-29137-6_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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