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Jia A, Lin L, Li Y, Fan X. Diversity and Pathogenicity of Six Diaporthe Species from Juglans regia in China. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:583. [PMID: 39194908 DOI: 10.3390/jof10080583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is cultivated extensively in China for its substantial economic potential as a woody oil species. However, many diseases caused by Diaporthe greatly affect the health of Juglans regia trees. The present study revealed the presence of Diaporthe species from Juglans regia. A total of six species of Diaporthe were isolated from twigs of Juglans regia in three provinces in China, including two known species (Diaporthe gammata and D. tibetensis) and four novel species (D. chaotianensis, D. olivacea, D. shangluoensis and D. shangrilaensis). Phylogenetic relationships of the new species were determined by multilocus phylogenetic analyses based on partial sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, calmodulin (cal) gene, histone H3 (his3) gene, translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α) gene and β-tubulin (tub2) gene. Pathogenicity tests indicated that all Diaporthe species obtained in this study were confirmed as pathogens of Juglans regia. This study deepens the understanding of species associated with several disease symptoms in Juglans regia and provides useful information for effective disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoli Jia
- The Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lu Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinlei Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Ali S, Wright AH, Tanney JB, Renaud JB, Sumarah MW. Fungal Endophytes: Discovering What Lies within Some of Canada's Oldest and Most Resilient Grapevines. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:105. [PMID: 38392777 PMCID: PMC10890244 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant diseases and pests reduce crop yields, accounting for global crop losses of 30% to 50%. In conventional agricultural production systems, these losses are typically controlled by applying chemical pesticides. However, public pressure is mounting to curtail agrochemical use. In this context, employing beneficial endophytic microorganisms is an increasingly attractive alternative to the use of conventional chemical pesticides in agriculture. A multitude of fungal endophytes are naturally present in plants, producing enzymes, small peptides, and secondary metabolites due to their bioactivity, which can protect hosts from pathogens, pests, and abiotic stresses. The use of beneficial endophytic microorganisms in agriculture is an increasingly attractive alternative to conventional pesticides. The aim of this study was to characterize fungal endophytes isolated from apparently healthy, feral wine grapes in eastern Canada that have grown without agrochemical inputs for decades. Host plants ranged from unknown seedlings to long-lost cultivars not widely propagated since the 1800s. HPLC-MS was used to identify unique endophyte-derived chemical compounds in the host plants, while dual-culture competition assays showed a range in endophytes' ability to suppress the mycelial growth of Botrytis, which is typically controlled in viticulture with pesticides. Twelve of the most promising fungal endophytes isolated were identified using multilocus sequencing and morphology, while DNA barcoding was employed to identify some of their host vines. These fungal endophyte isolates, which consisted of both known and putative novel strains, belonged to seven genera in six families and five orders of Ascomycota. Exploring the fungal endophytes in these specimens may yield clues to the vines' survival and lead to the discovery of novel biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawkat Ali
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, 32 Main St., Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada
| | - A Harrison Wright
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, 32 Main St., Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada
| | - Joey B Tanney
- Natural Resources Canada, Pacific Forestry Centre, 506 Burnside Road West, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada
| | - Justin B Renaud
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, 1391 Sandford St., London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Mark W Sumarah
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, 1391 Sandford St., London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
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Lambert C, Schweizer L, Matio Kemkuignou B, Anoumedem EGM, Kouam SF, Marin-Felix Y. Four new endophytic species of Diaporthe (Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales) isolated from Cameroon. MycoKeys 2023; 99:319-362. [PMID: 37915461 PMCID: PMC10616871 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.99.110043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Diaporthe (Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales) is a large group of fungi frequently reported as phytopathogens, with ubiquitous distribution across the globe. Diaporthe have traditionally been characterized by the morphology of their ana- and teleomorphic state, revealing a high degree of heterogeneity as soon as DNA sequencing was utilized across the different members of the group. Their relevance for biotechnology and agriculture attracts the attention of taxonomists and natural product chemists alike in context of plant protection and exploitation for their potential to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. While more than 1000 species are described to date, Africa, as a natural habitat, has so far been under-sampled. Several endophytic fungi belonging to Diaporthe were isolated from different plant hosts in Cameroon over the course of this study. Phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer region and intervening 5.8S nrRNA gene, and partial fragments of the calmodulin, beta-tubulin, histone and the translation elongation factor 1-α genes, demonstrated that these isolates represent four new species, i.e. D.brideliae, D.cameroonensis, D.pseudoanacardii and D.rauvolfiae. Moreover, the description of D.isoberliniae is here emended, now incorporating the morphology of beta and gamma conidia produced by two of our endophytic isolates, which had never been documented in previous records. Moreover, the paraphyletic nature of the genus is discussed and suggestions are made for future revision of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lambert
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, GermanyDepartment of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, GermanyTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Molecular Cell Biology Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, GermanyMolecular Cell Biology Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)BraunschweigGermany
| | - Lena Schweizer
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, GermanyDepartment of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Blondelle Matio Kemkuignou
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, GermanyDepartment of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, GermanyTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Elodie Gisèle M. Anoumedem
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 47, CameroonUniversity of Yaoundé IYaoundeCameroon
| | - Simeon F. Kouam
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 47, CameroonUniversity of Yaoundé IYaoundeCameroon
| | - Yasmina Marin-Felix
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, GermanyDepartment of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, GermanyTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
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Toghueo RMK, Vázquez de Aldana BR, Zabalgogeazcoa I. Diaporthe species associated with the maritime grass Festuca rubra subsp. pruinosa. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1105299. [PMID: 36876098 PMCID: PMC9978114 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1105299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Festuca rubra subsp. pruinosa is a perennial grass growing in sea cliffs where plants are highly exposed to salinity and marine winds, and often grow in rock fissures where soil is absent. Diaporthe species are one of the most abundant components of the root microbiome of this grass and several Diaporthe isolates have been found to produce beneficial effects in their host and other plant species of agronomic importance. In this study, 22 strains of Diaporthe isolated as endophytes from roots of Festuca rubra subsp. pruinosa were characterized by molecular, morphological, and biochemical analyses. Sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1), beta-tubulin (TUB), histone-3 (HIS), and calmodulin (CAL) genes were analyzed to identify the isolates. A multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of the combined five gene regions led to the identification of two new species named Diaporthe atlantica and Diaporthe iberica. Diaporthe atlantica is the most abundant Diaporthe species in its host plant, and Diaporthe iberica was also isolated from Celtica gigantea, another grass species growing in semiarid inland habitats. An in vitro biochemical characterization showed that all cultures of D. atlantica produced indole-3-acetic acid and ammonium, and the strains of D. iberica produced indole 3-acetic acid, ammonium, siderophores, and cellulase. Diaporthe atlantica is closely related to D. sclerotioides, a pathogen of cucurbits, and caused a growth reduction when inoculated in cucumber, melon, and watermelon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufin Marie Kouipou Toghueo
- Plant-Microorganism Interaction Research Group, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Beatriz R Vázquez de Aldana
- Plant-Microorganism Interaction Research Group, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Iñigo Zabalgogeazcoa
- Plant-Microorganism Interaction Research Group, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
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Xiao Y, Lai H, Zhou W, Yang C, Cui C. First Report of Diaporthe fusicola Causing Postharvest Fruit Rot of Peach (Prunus persica) in China. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 107:2231. [PMID: 36383985 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-22-1841-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In May 2022, rot symptoms were observed on postharvest peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch) fruits in a market in Nanchang, Jiangxi province (28°44' N; 115°50' E), China. A total of 80 samples were collected from three different fruit stalls through the market survey. The incidence of this disease was 10 to 15%, and severity varies from approximately 30 to 50% of fruit surface coverage. The symptom of infected fruits was circular, pale brown to brown, rotten, necrotic lesions, covered with white hyphae and small spore masses. Eight symptomatic peach fruits were surface disinfected with 75% ethanol for 30 sec and incisions were made with a sterile scalpel. Small pieces from symptomatic tissues were placed on a potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and incubated at 25℃ for 7 days. Six isolates were obtained in total. Colonies on PDA were initially white, aerial, fluffy at first, and darkened with age. Alpha conidia were fusoid, hyaline, aseptate, guttulate, tapering towards ends, and ranged in size from 9.8 to 5.1 µm × 3.2 to 2.1 µm (x ̅=7.1 ± 1.0 × 2.6 ± 0.3 µm, n=60). Beta conidia were not seen. For further confirmation, genomic DNA was extracted from three isolates (04-10, 04-11, and 04-12), the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, beta-tubulin (TUB), calmodulin (CAL), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α) and histone H3 (HIS) genes were amplified by using primers ITS1/ITS4, Bt2a/Bt2b, CAL228F/CAL737R, EF1-728F/EF1-986R, CYLH3F/H3-1b (Udayanga et al. 2015), respectively. Sequences were deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. ON994257 to ON994259 for ITS, OP076824 to OP076826 for TUB, OP076827 to OP076829 for CAL, OP076821 to OP076823 for TEF1-α, OP076830 to OP076832 for HIS). BLAST results showed that ITS and TEF1-α have 99.8% pairwise identity to Diaporthe fusicola (MN816432, KF576256), and the TUB, CAL, and HIS sequences also have 100% pairwise identity to D. fusicola (KF576287, MT978147, MT978142). Phylogenetic analyses of concatenated sequences using Bayesian inference and the maximum likelihood confirmed the identity. To verify Koch's postulates, the pathogenicity of three isolates was tested on harvested healthy peach fruits. Five surface-sterilized fruits were wounded by a sterile scalpel and inoculated with 5-mm-diameter mycelial plugs from 10-day-old PDA plates. Another set of five fruits was inoculated with sterilized PDA plugs as controls. All fruits were incubated at 26℃ with 80% relative humidity. The experiment was repeated three times. After 5 days, the fruit inoculated with mycelial plugs showed pale brown lesions with whitish mycelium mass, similar to the previous rot symptoms, whereas the control fruit remained symptomless. The same pathogen was reisolated from the inoculated fruit with symptoms and identified as D. fusicola by molecular techniques, but never from the control. Diaporthe fusicola (Diaporthe amygdali complex) was first described on leaves of Lithocarpus glabra in China (Gao et al. 2015) and reported as an agent causing leaf blotch on Osmanthus fragrans (Si et al. 2020) and pear shoot canker (Guo et al. 2020). However, this is the first report of D. fusicola causing postharvest fruit rot on peach. The managers involved must consider the impact of this disease and develop an effective fruit storage strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusen Xiao
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, 91595, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resources, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China;
| | - Huashan Lai
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, 91595, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resources, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China;
| | - Wenjie Zhou
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, 91595, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resources, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China;
| | - Chunxi Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, 159384, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China;
| | - Chaoyu Cui
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, 91595, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resources, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China;
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Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Human Monoamine Oxidase A from an Endogenous Lichen Fungus Diaporthe mahothocarpus. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7100876. [PMID: 34682298 PMCID: PMC8541017 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Using 126 endogenous lichen fungus (ELF) extracts, inhibitory activities against monoamine oxidases (MAOs) and cholinesterases (ChEs) were evaluated. Among them, extract ELF29 of the endogenous fungus Diaporthe mahothocarpus of the lichen Cladonia symphycarpia showed the highest inhibitory activity against hMAO-A. Compounds alternariol (AT), 5′-hydroxy-alternariol (HAT), and mycoepoxydiene (MED), isolated from the extract, had potent inhibitory activities against hMAO-A with IC50 values of 0.020, 0.31, and 8.68 µM, respectively. AT, HAT, and MED are reversible competitive inhibitors of hMAO-A with Ki values of 0.0075, 0.116, and 3.76 µM, respectively. The molecular docking studies suggested that AT, HAT, and MED had higher binding affinities for hMAO-A (−9.1, −6.9, and −5.6 kcal/mol, respectively) than for hMAO-B (−6.3, −5.2, and −3.7 kcal/mol, respectively). The relative tight binding might result from a hydrogen bond interaction of the three compounds with a Tyr444 residue in hMAO-A, whereas no hydrogen bond interaction was proposed in hMAO-B. In silico pharmacokinetics, the three compounds showed high gastrointestinal absorption without violating Lipinski’s five rules, but only MED showed high probability to cross the blood–brain barrier. These results suggest that AT, HAT, and MED are candidates for treating neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression and cardiovascular disease.
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Hilário S, Gonçalves MFM, Alves A. Using Genealogical Concordance and Coalescent-Based Species Delimitation to Assess Species Boundaries in the Diaporthe eres Complex. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:507. [PMID: 34202282 PMCID: PMC8307253 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA sequence analysis has been of the utmost importance to delimit species boundaries in the genus Diaporthe. However, the common practice of combining multiple genes, without applying the genealogical concordance criterion has complicated the robust delimitation of species, given that phylogenetic incongruence between loci has been disregarded. Despite the several attempts to delineate the species boundaries in the D. eres complex, the phylogenetic limits within this complex remain unclear. In order to bridge this gap, we employed the Genealogical Phylogenetic Species Recognition principle (GCPSR) and the coalescent-based model Poisson Tree Processes (PTPs) and evaluated the presence of recombination within the D. eres complex. Based on the GCPSR principle, presence of incongruence between individual gene genealogies, i.e., conflicting nodes and branches lacking phylogenetic support, was evident. Moreover, the results of the coalescent model identified D. eres complex as a single species, which was not consistent with the current large number of species within the complex recognized in phylogenetic analyses. The absence of reproductive isolation and barriers to gene flow as well as the high haplotype and low nucleotide diversity indices within the above-mentioned complex suggest that D. eres constitutes a population rather than different lineages. Therefore, we argue that a cohesive approach comprising genealogical concordance criteria and methods to detect recombination must be implemented in future studies to circumscribe species in the genus Diaporthe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Artur Alves
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.H.); (M.F.M.G.)
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Cui MJ, Wei X, Xia PL, Yi JP, Yu ZH, Deng JX, Li QL. Diaporthe taoicola and D. siamensis, Two New Records on Citrus sinensis in China. MYCOBIOLOGY 2021; 49:267-274. [PMID: 34290550 PMCID: PMC8259869 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2021.1912254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two Diaporthe species isolated from fruit of Citrus sinensis in China were characterized based on morphology and multilocus phylogeny of ITS, tef1, and tub2 gene sequences. The phylogeny indicated that the two species match Diaporthe taoicola and D. siamensis. A critical examination of phenotypic characteristics confirmed the phylogenetic results. Diaporthe taoicola was morphologically characterized by producing Alpha conidia with tapering toward both ends. Meanwhile, D. siamensis produced cylindrical or ellipsoidal Alpha conidia with two oil drops. Pathogenicity tests revealed that both species were pathogenic to fruit of C. sinensis. To our knowledge, the two species were firstly reported on Citrus sinensis in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Jiao Cui
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | | | - Ji Ping Yi
- Zigui Plant Protection Station, Yichang, China
| | - Zhi He Yu
- Department of Applied Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jian Xin Deng
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Qi Li Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, China
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Chaisiri C, Liu X, Lin Y, Fu Y, Zhu F, Luo C. Phylogenetic and Haplotype Network Analyses of Diaporthe eres Species in China Based on Sequences of Multiple Loci. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:179. [PMID: 33804529 PMCID: PMC8000818 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diaporthe eres is considered one of the most important causal agents of many plant diseases, with a broad host range worldwide. In this study, multiple sequences of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α gene (EF1-α), beta-tubulin gene (TUB2), calmodulin gene (CAL), and histone-3 gene (HIS) were used for multi-locus phylogenetic analysis. For phylogenetic analysis, maximum likelihood (ML), maximum parsimony (MP), and Bayesian inferred (BI) approaches were performed to investigate relationships of D. eres with closely related species. The results strongly support that the D. eres species falls into a monophyletic lineage, with the characteristics of a species complex. Phylogenetic informativeness (PI) analysis showed that clear boundaries could be proposed by using EF1-α, whereas ITS showed an ineffective reconstruction and, thus, was unsuitable for speciating boundaries for Diaporthe species. A combined dataset of EF1-α, CAL, TUB2, and HIS showed strong resolution for Diaporthe species, providing insights for the D. eres complex. Accordingly, besides D. biguttusis, D. camptothecicola, D. castaneae-mollissimae, D. cotoneastri, D. ellipicola, D. longicicola, D. mahothocarpus, D. momicola, D. nobilis, and Phomopsis fukushii, which have already been previously considered the synonymous species of D. eres, another three species, D. henanensis, D. lonicerae and D. rosicola, were further revealed to be synonyms of D. eres in this study. In order to demonstrate the genetic diversity of D. eres species in China, 138 D. eres isolates were randomly selected from previous studies in 16 provinces. These isolates were obtained from different major plant species from 2006 to 2020. The genetic distance was estimated with phylogenetic analysis and haplotype networks, and it was revealed that two major haplotypes existed in the Chinese populations of D. eres. The haplotype networks were widely dispersed and not uniquely correlated to specific populations. Overall, our analyses evaluated the phylogenetic identification for D. eres species and demonstrated the population diversity of D. eres in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chingchai Chaisiri
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (X.L.)
- Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (Y.F.)
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (X.L.)
- Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (Y.F.)
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Yang Lin
- Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (Y.F.)
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Yanping Fu
- Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (Y.F.)
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Fuxing Zhu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Chaoxi Luo
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (X.L.)
- Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (Y.F.)
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
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Huang S, Xia J, Zhang X, Sun W. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal three new species of Diaporthe from Yunnan, China. MycoKeys 2021; 78:49-77. [PMID: 33664613 PMCID: PMC7910272 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.78.60878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of Diaporthe have often been reported as plant pathogens, endophytes or saprobes, commonly isolated from a wide range of plant hosts. Sixteen strains isolated from species of ten host genera in Yunnan Province, China, represented three new species of Diaporthe, D. chrysalidocarpi, D. machili and D. pometiae as well as five known species D. arecae, D. hongkongensis, D. middletonii, D. osmanthi and D. pandanicola. Morphological comparisons with known species and DNA-based phylogenies based on the analysis of a multigene (ITS, TUB, TEF, CAL and HIS) dataset support the establishment of the new species. This study reveals that a high species diversity of Diaporthe with wide host ranges occur in tropical rainforest in Yunnan Province, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengting Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, ChinaYangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
| | - Jiwen Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, ChinaYangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
| | - Xiuguo Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, ChinaShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianChina
| | - Wenxiu Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, ChinaYangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
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11
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Hilário S, Santos L, Alves A. Diaporthe amygdali, a species complex or a complex species? Fungal Biol 2021; 125:505-518. [PMID: 34140147 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Delimitation of species boundaries within the fungal genus Diaporthe has been challenging, but the analyses of combined multilocus DNA sequences has become an important tool to infer phylogenetic relationships and to circumscribe species. However, analyses of congruence between individual gene genealogies and the application of the genealogical concordance principle have been somehow overlooked. We noted that a group of species including D. amygdali, D. garethjonesii, D. sterilis, D. kadsurae, D. ternstroemia, D. ovoicicola, D. fusicola, D. chongqingensis and D. mediterranea, commonly known as D. amygdali complex, occupy a monophyletic clade in Diaporthe phylogenies but the limits of all species within the complex are not entirely clear. To assess the boundaries of species within this complex we employed the Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition principle (GCPSR) and coalescence-based models: General Mixed Yule-Coalescent (GMYC) and Poisson Tree Processes (PTP). The incongruence detected between individual gene phylogenies, as well as the results of coalescent methods do not support the recognition of lineages within the complex as distinct species. Moreover, results support the absence of reproductive isolation and barriers to gene flow in this complex, thus providing further evidence that the D. amygdali species complex constitutes a single species. This study highlights the relevance of the application of the GCPSR principle, showing that concatenation analysis of multilocus DNA sequences, although being a powerful tool, might lead to an erroneous definition of species limits. Additionally, it further shows that coalescent methods are useful tools to assist in a more robust delimitation of species boundaries in the genus Diaporthe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hilário
- Departamento de Biologia, CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Liliana Santos
- Departamento de Biologia, CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Artur Alves
- Departamento de Biologia, CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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12
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Chaisiri C, Liu XY, Yin WX, Luo CX, Lin Y. Morphology Characterization, Molecular Phylogeny, and Pathogenicity of Diaporthe passifloricola on Citrus reticulata cv. Nanfengmiju in Jiangxi Province, China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:218. [PMID: 33498730 PMCID: PMC7911537 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Nanfengmiju (Citrus reticulata cv. Nanfengmiju), a high-quality local variety of mandarin, is one of the major fruit crops in Jiangxi Province, China. Citrus melanose and stem-end rot, two common fungal diseases of Nanfengmiju, are both caused by Diaporthe spp. (syn. Phomopsis spp.). Identification of the Diaporthe species is essential for epidemiological studies, quarantine measures, and management of diseases caused by these fungi. Melanose disease was observed on Nanfengmiju fruit in Jiangxi Province of China in 2016. Based on morphological characterization and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses, three out of 39 isolates from diseased samples were identified as D. passifloricola. Since these three isolates did not cause melanose on citrus fruit in the pathogenicity tests, they were presumed to be endophytic fungi present in the diseased tissues. However, our results indicate that D. passifloricola may persist as a symptom-less endophyte in the peel of citrus fruit, yet it may cause stem-end if it invades the stem end during fruit storage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of D. passifloricola as the causal agent of the stem-end rot disease in Citrus reticulata cv. Nanfengmiju.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chingchai Chaisiri
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (X.-Y.L.); (W.-X.Y.); (C.-X.L.)
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (X.-Y.L.); (W.-X.Y.); (C.-X.L.)
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei-Xiao Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (X.-Y.L.); (W.-X.Y.); (C.-X.L.)
| | - Chao-Xi Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (X.-Y.L.); (W.-X.Y.); (C.-X.L.)
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.C.); (X.-Y.L.); (W.-X.Y.); (C.-X.L.)
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13
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Yang Q, Jiang N, Tian CM. New species and records of Diaporthe from Jiangxi Province, China. MycoKeys 2021; 77:41-64. [PMID: 33519268 PMCID: PMC7819952 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.77.59999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diaporthe species have often been reported as important plant pathogens, saprobes and endophytes on a wide range of plant hosts. Although several Diaporthe species have been recorded, little is known about species able to infect forest trees in Jiangxi Province. Hence, extensive surveys were recently conducted in Jiangxi Province, China. A total of 24 isolates were identified and analysed using comparisons of DNA sequence data for the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), calmodulin (cal), histone H3 (his3), partial translation elongation factor-1α (tef1) and β-tubulin (tub2) gene regions, as well as their morphological features. Results revealed five novel taxa, D. bauhiniae, D. ganzhouensis, D. schimae, D. verniciicola, D. xunwuensis spp. nov. and three known species, D. apiculatum, D. citri and D. multigutullata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.,Forestry Biotechnology Hunan Key Laboratories, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.,The Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cheng-Ming Tian
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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14
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Sun W, Huang S, Xia J, Zhang X, Li Z. Morphological and molecular identification of Diaporthe species in south-western China, with description of eight new species. MycoKeys 2021; 77:65-95. [PMID: 33519269 PMCID: PMC7819953 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.77.59852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diaporthe species have often been reported as plant pathogens, endophytes and saprophytes, commonly isolated from a wide range of infected plant hosts. In the present study, twenty strains obtained from leaf spots of twelve host plants in Yunnan Province of China were isolated. Based on a combination of morphology, culture characteristics and multilocus sequence analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF), β-tubulin (TUB), calmodulin (CAL), and histone (HIS) genes, these strains were identified as eight new species: Diaporthe camelliae-sinensis, D. grandiflori, D. heliconiae, D. heterostemmatis, D. litchii, D. lutescens, D. melastomatis, D. pungensis and two previously described species, D. subclavata and D. tectonendophytica. This study showed high species diversity of Diaporthe in tropical rain forests and its hosts in south-western China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, ChinaYangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
| | - Shengting Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, ChinaYangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
| | - Jiwen Xia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, ChinaShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianChina
| | - Xiuguo Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, ChinaShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianChina
| | - Zhuang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, ChinaShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianChina
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15
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Chaisiri C, Liu XY, Lin Y, Li JB, Xiong B, Luo CX. Phylogenetic Analysis and Development of Molecular Tool for Detection of Diaporthe citri Causing Melanose Disease of Citrus. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9030329. [PMID: 32143512 PMCID: PMC7154919 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Melanose disease caused by Diaporthe citri is considered as one of the most important and destructive diseases of citrus worldwide. In this study, isolates from melanose samples were obtained and analyzed. Firstly, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were used to measure Diaporthe-like boundary species. Then, a subset of thirty-eight representatives were selected to perform the phylogenetic analysis with combined sequences of ITS, beta-tubulin gene (TUB), translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF), calmodulin gene (CAL), and histone-3 gene (HIS). As a result, these representative isolates were identified belonging to D. citri, D. citriasiana, D. discoidispora, D. eres, D. sojae, and D. unshiuensis. Among these species, the D. citri was the predominant species that could be isolated at highest rate from different melanose diseased tissues. The morphological characteristics of representative isolates of D. citri were investigated on different media. Finally, a molecular tool based on the novel species-specific primer pair TUBDcitri-F1/TUBD-R1, which was designed from TUB gene, was developed to detect D. citri efficiently. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicon of 217 bp could be specifically amplified with the developed molecular tool. The sensitivity of the novel species-specific detection was upon to 10 pg of D. citri genomic DNA in a reaction. Therefore, the D. citri could be unequivocally identified from closely related Diaporthe species by using this simple PCR approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chingchai Chaisiri
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (Y.L.)
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science & Technology, and Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Liu
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (Y.L.)
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science & Technology, and Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (Y.L.)
| | - Jiang-Bo Li
- Nanfeng Citrus Research Institute, Nanfeng 344500, China
| | - Bin Xiong
- Nanfeng Citrus Research Institute, Nanfeng 344500, China
| | - Chao-Xi Luo
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China (Y.L.)
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science & Technology, and Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence:
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16
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High diversity of Diaporthe species associated with pear shoot canker in China. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 2020; 45:132-162. [PMID: 34456374 PMCID: PMC8375346 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2020.45.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Species of Diaporthe (syn. Phomopsis) are important endophytes, saprobes and pathogens, infecting a wide range of plants and resulting in important crop diseases. However, the species occurring on pear remain largely unresolved. In this study, a total of 453 Diaporthe isolates were obtained from branches of Pyrus plants (including P. bretschneideri, P. communis, P. pyrifolia and P. ussuriensis collected from 12 provinces in China) showing shoot canker symptoms. Phylogenetic analyses based on five loci (ITS, TEF, CAL, HIS, and TUB) coupled with morphology of 113 representative isolates revealed that 19 Diaporthe species were isolated, representing 13 known species (including D. caryae, D. cercidis, D. citrichinensis, D. eres, D. fusicola, D. ganjae, D. hongkongensis, D. padina, D.pescicola, D. sojae, D. taoicola, D. unshiuensis and D. velutina) and six new species described here as D. acuta, D. chongqingensis, D. fulvicolor, D. parvae, D. spinosa and D. zaobaisu. Although Koch’s postulates confirmed all species to be pathogenic, a high degree of variation in aggressiveness was observed. Moreover, these species have a high diversity, plasticity, and prevalence related to the geographical location and pear species involved.
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17
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Long H, Zhang Q, Hao YY, Shao XQ, Wei XX, Hyde KD, Wang Y, Zhao DG. Diaporthe species in south-western China. MycoKeys 2019; 57:113-127. [PMID: 31523165 PMCID: PMC6717119 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.57.35448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Three strains of the genus Diaporthe were isolated from different plant hosts in south-western China. Phylogenetic analyses of the combined ITS, β-tubulin, tef1 and calmoudulin dataset indicated that these strains represented three independent lineages in Diaporthe. Diaporthemillettiaesp. nov. clustered with D.hongkongensis and D.arecae, Diaportheosmanthisp. nov. grouped with D.arengae, D.pseudomangiferae and D.perseae and Diaporthe strain GUCC9146, isolated from Camelliasinensis, was grouped in the D.eres species complex with a close relationship to D.longicicola. These species are reported with taxonomic descriptions and illustrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Long
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Hao
- Administration Center of the Yellow River Delta Sustainable Development Institute of Sandong Province, Dongying, 257091, China Qinghai University Xining China
| | - Xian-Qiang Shao
- Dejiang County Chinese herbal medicine industry development office, Tongren, 565200, China Mae Fah Luang University Chiang Rai Thailand
| | - Xiao-Xing Wei
- Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University (Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences), Xining, China Guizhou University Guizhou China
| | - Kevin D Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research and School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guiyang China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China Guizhou University Guiyang China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China Sustainable Development Institute of Sandong Province Dongying China
| | - De-Gang Zhao
- Guizhou Key Laboratory Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China Sustainable Development Institute of Sandong Province Dongying China.,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China Dejiang County Chinese herbal medicine industry development office Tongren China
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18
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Marin-Felix Y, Hernández-Restrepo M, Wingfield M, Akulov A, Carnegie A, Cheewangkoon R, Gramaje D, Groenewald J, Guarnaccia V, Halleen F, Lombard L, Luangsa-ard J, Marincowitz S, Moslemi A, Mostert L, Quaedvlieg W, Schumacher R, Spies C, Thangavel R, Taylor P, Wilson A, Wingfield B, Wood A, Crous P. Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 2. Stud Mycol 2019; 92:47-133. [PMID: 29997401 PMCID: PMC6031069 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper represents the second contribution in the Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) series. The series provides morphological descriptions and information regarding the pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms for the treated genera. In addition, primary and secondary DNA barcodes for the currently accepted species are included. This second paper in the GOPHY series treats 20 genera of phytopathogenic fungi and their relatives including: Allantophomopsiella, Apoharknessia, Cylindrocladiella, Diaporthe, Dichotomophthora, Gaeumannomyces, Harknessia, Huntiella, Macgarvieomyces, Metulocladosporiella, Microdochium, Oculimacula, Paraphoma, Phaeoacremonium, Phyllosticta, Proxypiricularia, Pyricularia, Stenocarpella, Utrechtiana and Wojnowiciella. This study includes the new genus Pyriculariomyces, 20 new species, five new combinations, and six typifications for older names.
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Key Words
- 26 new taxa
- Apoharknessia eucalypti Crous & M.J. Wingf.
- Cylindrocladiella addiensis L. Lombard & Crous
- Cylindrocladiella nauliensis L. Lombard & Crous
- DNA barcodes
- Diaporthe heterophyllae Guarnaccia & Crous
- Diaporthe racemosae A.R. Wood, Guarnaccia & Crous
- Dichotomophthora basellae Hern.-Restr., Cheew. & Crous
- Dichotomophthora brunnea Hern.-Restr. & Crous
- Fungal systematics
- Harknessia bourbonica Crous & M.J. Wingf.
- Harknessia corymbiae Crous & A.J. Carnegie
- Harknessia cupressi Crous & R.K. Schumach.
- Harknessia pilularis Crous & A.J. Carnegie
- Helminthosporium arundinaceum Corda
- Huntiella abstrusa A.M. Wilson, Marinc., M.J. Wingf.
- Macgarvieomyces luzulae (Ondřej) Y. Marín, Akulov & Crous
- Metulocladosporiella chiangmaiensis Y. Marín, Cheew. & Crous
- Metulocladosporiella malaysiana Y. Marín & Crous
- Metulocladosporiella musigena Y. Marín, Cheew. & Crous
- Metulocladosporiella samutensis Y. Marín, Luangsa-ard & Crous
- Microdochium novae-zelandiae Hern.-Restr., Thangavel & Crous
- Oculimacula acuformis (Nirenberg) Y. Marín & Crous
- Phaeoacremonium pravum C.F.J. Spies, L. Mostert & Halleen
- Phomopsis pseudotsugae M. Wilson
- Phyllosticta iridigena Y. Marín & Crous
- Phyllosticta persooniae Y. Marín & Crous
- Pyricularia luzulae Ondřej
- Pyricularia zingiberis Y. Nishik
- Pyriculariomyces Y. Marín, M.J. Wingf. & Crous
- Pyriculariomyces asari (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Y. Marín, M.J. Wingf. & Crous
- Six new typifications
- Utrechtiana arundinacea (Corda) Crous, Quaedvl. & Y. Marín
- Utrechtiana constantinescui (Melnik & Shabunin) Crous & Y. Marín
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Marin-Felix
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - M. Hernández-Restrepo
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M.J. Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - A. Akulov
- V.N. Karasin National University of Kharkiv, Svobody sq. 4, Kharkiv 61077, Ukraine
| | - A.J. Carnegie
- Forest Science, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Locked Bag 5123, Parramatta, New South Wales 2124, Australia
| | - R. Cheewangkoon
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - D. Gramaje
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de la Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, 26071 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - V. Guarnaccia
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F. Halleen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- Plant Protection Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - L. Lombard
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. Luangsa-ard
- Microbe Interaction and Ecology Laboratory, Biodiversity and Biotechnological Resource Research Unit (BBR), BIOTEC, NSTDA 113, Thailand Science Park Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - S. Marincowitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - A. Moslemi
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne 3010, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - L. Mostert
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - W. Quaedvlieg
- Naktuinbouw, Sotaweg 22, 2371 GD Roelofarendsveen, the Netherlands
| | | | - C.F.J. Spies
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- Plant Protection Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - R. Thangavel
- Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, P.O. Box 2095, Auckland 1140, New Zealand
| | - P.W.J. Taylor
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne 3010, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A.M. Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - B.D. Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - A.R. Wood
- ARC – Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Yang Q, Fan XL, Guarnaccia V, Tian CM. High diversity of Diaporthe species associated with dieback diseases in China, with twelve new species described. MycoKeys 2018; 39:97-149. [PMID: 30271260 PMCID: PMC6160862 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.39.26914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diaporthe species have often been reported as important plant pathogens, saprobes and endophytes on a wide range of plant hosts. Although several Diaporthe species have been recorded in China, little is known about species able to infect forest trees. Therefore, extensive surveys were recently conducted in Beijing, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi and Zhejiang Provinces. The current results emphasised on 15 species from 42 representative isolates involving 16 host genera using comparisons of DNA sequence data for the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), calmodulin (cal), histone H3 (his3), partial translation elongation factor-1α (tef1) and β-tubulin (tub2) gene regions, as well as their morphological features. Three known species, D.biguttulata, D.eres and D.unshiuensis, were identified. In addition, twelve novel taxa were collected and are described as D.acerigena, D.alangii, D.betulina, D.caryae, D.cercidis, D.chensiensis, D.cinnamomi, D.conica, D.fraxinicola, D.kadsurae, D.padina and D.ukurunduensis. The current study improves the understanding of species causing diebacks on ecological and economic forest trees and provides useful information for the effective disease management of these hosts in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China, V. GuarnacciaBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xin-Lei Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China, V. GuarnacciaBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Vladimiro Guarnaccia
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The NetherlandsWesterdijk Fungal Biodiversity InstituteUtrechtNetherlands
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South AfricaUniversity of StellenboschMatielandSouth Africa
| | - Cheng-Ming Tian
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China, V. GuarnacciaBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
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Fan X, Yang Q, Bezerra JDP, Alvarez LV, Tian C. Diaporthe from walnut tree (Juglans regia) in China, with insight of the Diaporthe eres complex. Mycol Prog 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-018-1395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Diaporthe diversity and pathogenicity revealed from a broad survey of grapevine diseases in Europe. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 2018; 40:135-153. [PMID: 30504999 PMCID: PMC6146647 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2018.40.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Species of Diaporthe are considered important plant pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes on a wide range of plant hosts. Several species are well-known on grapevines, either as agents of pre- or post-harvest infections, including Phomopsis cane and leaf spot, cane bleaching, swelling arm and trunk cankers. In this study we explore the occurrence, diversity and pathogenicity of Diaporthe spp. associated with Vitis vinifera in major grape production areas of Europe and Israel, focusing on nurseries and vineyards. Surveys were conducted in Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Spain and the UK. A total of 175 Diaporthe strains were isolated from asymptomatic and symptomatic shoots, branches and trunks. A multi-locus phylogeny was established based on five genomic loci (ITS, tef1, cal, his3 and tub2), and the morphological characters of the isolates were determined. Preliminary pathogenicity tests were performed on green grapevine shoots with representative isolates. The most commonly isolated species were D. eres and D. ampelina. Four new Diaporthe species described here as D. bohemiae, D. celeris, D. hispaniae and D. hungariae were found associated with affected vines. Pathogenicity tests revealed D. baccae, D. celeris, D. hispaniae and D. hungariae as pathogens of grapevines. No symptoms were caused by D. bohemiae. This study represents the first report of D. ambigua and D. baccae on grapevines in Europe. The present study improves our understanding of the species associated with several disease symptoms on V. vinifera plants, and provides useful information for effective disease management.
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Guarnaccia V, Crous PW. Emerging citrus diseases in Europe caused by species of Diaporthe. IMA Fungus 2017; 8:317-334. [PMID: 29242778 PMCID: PMC5729715 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2017.08.02.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of Diaporthe are considered important plant pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes on a wide range of plant hosts. Several species are well-known on citrus, either as agents of pre- or post-harvest infections, such as dieback, melanose and stem-end rot on fruit. In this study we explored the occurrence, diversity and pathogenicity of Diaporthe species associated with Citrus and allied genera in European orchards, nurseries, and gardens. Surveys were carried out during 2015 and 2016 in Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, and Spain. A total of 79 Diaporthe strains were isolated from symptomatic twigs, branches and trunks. A multi-locus phylogeny was established based on five genomic loci (ITS, tef1, cal, his3 and tub2), and the morphological characters of the isolates determined. Preliminary pathogenicity tests were performed on lemon, lime, and orange plants with representative isolates. The most commonly isolated species were D. foeniculina and D. baccae, while only four isolates of D. novem were collected. Two new Diaporthe species, described here as D. limonicola and D. melitensis spp. nov. were found associated with a new devastating dieback disease of lemon plants. Furthermore, one cluster of sterile Diaporthe isolates was renamed as D. infertilis. Pathogenicity tests revealed most of the Citrus species as susceptible to D. baccae, D. foeniculina, and D. novem. Moreover, D. limonicola and D. melitensis caused serious cankers affecting all the Citrus species tested. This study is the first report of D. baccae and D. novem on citrus in Europe, and the first detection of a new Diaporthe canker disease of citrus in Europe. However, no isolates of D. citri were found. The study improves our understanding of the species associated with several disease symptoms on citrus plants, and provides useful information for effective disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimiro Guarnaccia
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, Forestry & Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Abstract
Previous studies have shown that our understanding of species diversity within Diaporthe (syn. Phomopsis) is limited. In this study, 49 strains obtained from different countries were subjected to DNA sequence analysis. Based on these results, eight new species names are introduced for lineages represented by multiple strains and distinct morphology. Twelve Phomopsis species previously described from China were subjected to DNA sequence analysis, and confirmed to belong to Diaporthe. The genus Diaporthe is shown to be paraphyletic based on multi-locus (LSU, ITS and TEF1) phylogenetic analysis. Several morphologically distinct genera, namely Mazzantia, Ophiodiaporthe, Pustulomyces, Phaeocytostroma, and Stenocarpella, are embedded within Diaporthe s. lat., indicating divergent morphological evolution. However, splitting Diaporthe into many smaller genera to achieve monophyly is still premature, and further collections and phylogenetic datasets need to be obtained to address this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Weijun Duan
- Ningbo Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Zhejiang 315012, P.R. China
| | - Pedro W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Tree Protection Co-operative Programme, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Lei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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Souza ARCD, Baldoni DB, Lima J, Porto V, Marcuz C, Machado C, Ferraz RC, Kuhn RC, Jacques RJS, Guedes JVC, Mazutti MA. Selection, isolation, and identification of fungi for bioherbicide production. Braz J Microbiol 2017; 48:101-108. [PMID: 27769882 PMCID: PMC5220639 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of a bioherbicide for biological control of weeds requires a series of steps, from selection of a suitable microbial strain to final formulation. Thus, this study aimed to select fungi for production of secondary metabolites with herbicidal activity using biological resources of the Brazilian Pampa biome. Phytopathogenic fungi were isolated from infected tissues of weeds in the Pampa biome. A liquid synthetic culture medium was used for production of metabolites. The phytotoxicity of fungal metabolites was assessed via biological tests using the plant Cucumis sativus L., and the most promising strain was identified by molecular analysis. Thirty-nine fungi were isolated, and 28 presented some phytotoxic symptoms against the target plant. Fungus VP51 belonging to the genus Diaporthe showed the most pronounced herbicidal activity. The Brazilian Pampa biome is a potential resource for the development of new and sustainable chemical compounds for modern agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daiana Bortoluzzi Baldoni
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento em ciência do solo, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jessica Lima
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento de engenharia química, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitória Porto
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento de engenharia química, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Marcuz
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento de engenharia química, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina Machado
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento de engenharia química, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel C Kuhn
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento de engenharia química, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo J S Jacques
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento em ciência do solo, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jerson V C Guedes
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento de proteção de plantas, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcio A Mazutti
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento de engenharia química, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Moyo P, Mostert L, Bester M, Halleen F. Trunk Disease Fungi Associated With Diospyros kaki in South Africa. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:2383-2393. [PMID: 30686164 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-16-0245-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Persimmon trees with dieback symptoms and cankers were observed in three production areas in Western Cape Province in South Africa. Isolations were made from diseased branches, cankers, and pruning wounds as well as fungal fruiting bodies on dead branches and old pruning wounds. Several trunk disease pathogens were identified based on morphological characteristics and by molecular methods, including Diaporthe eres, D. infecunda, Eutypella citricola, E. microtheca, Phaeoacremonium parasiticum, P. scolyti, P. australiense, P. minimum, Fomitiporia capensis, Fomitiporia sp., Fomitiporella sp., and Inocutis sp., which were isolated from persimmon for the first time in the world. Other first reports from persimmon in South Africa include D. foeniculina, D. ambigua, D. mutila, Diaporthe sp., Neofusicoccum australe, N. parvum, Diplodia seriata, and Eutypa lata. Pathogenicity tests conducted with all species, except the basidiomycetes, confirmed their status as possible persimmon pathogens. This is the first study to determine and identify fungi associated with diseased persimmon in South Africa. The knowledge gained in this study forms the basis for further research to determine the impact of these fungi on persimmon productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Moyo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - L Mostert
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - M Bester
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - F Halleen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa, and Plant Protection Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbji, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
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Jouda JB, Tamokou JDD, Mbazoa CD, Douala-Meli C, Sarkar P, Bag PK, Wandji J. Antibacterial and cytotoxic cytochalasins from the endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. harbored in Garcinia kola (Heckel) nut. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:462. [PMID: 27842536 PMCID: PMC5109658 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background The continuous emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria drastically reduced the efficacy of our antibiotic armory and consequently, increased the frequency of therapeutic failure. The search for bioactive constituents from endophytic fungi against MDR bacteria became a necessity for alternative and promising strategies, and for the development of novel therapeutic solutions. We report here the isolation and structure elucidation of antibacterial and cytotoxic compounds from Phomopsis sp., an endophytic fungus associated with Garcinia kola nuts. Methods The fungus Phomopsis sp. was isolated from the nut of Garcinia kola. The crude extract was prepared from mycelium of Phomopsis sp. by maceration in ethyl acetate and sequentially fractionated by column chromatography. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral studies and comparison with published data. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial and anticancer properties by broth microdilution and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide methods respectively. The samples were also tested spectrophotometrically for their hemolytic properties against human red blood cells. Results The fractionation of the crude extract afforded three known cytochalasins including 18-metoxycytochalasin J (1), cytochalasins H (2) and J (3) together with alternariol (4). The cytochalasin compounds showed different degrees of antibacterial activities against the tested bacterial pathogens. Shigella flexneri was the most sensitive microorganism while Vibrio cholerae SG24 and Vibrio cholerae PC2 were the most resistant. Ampicillin did not show any antibacterial activity against Vibrio cholerae NB2, Vibrio cholerae PC2 and Shigella flexneri at concentrations up to 512 μg/mL, but interestingly, these multi-drug resistant bacterial strains were sensitive to the cytochalasin metabolites. These compounds also showed significant cytotoxic properties against human cancer cells (LC50 = 3.66–35.69 μg/mL) with low toxicity to normal non-cancer cells. Conclusion The three cytochalasin compounds isolated from the Phomopsis sp. crude extract could be a clinically useful alternative for the treatment of cervical cancer and severe infections caused by MDR Shigella and Vibrio cholerae.
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Shetty KG, Rivadeneira DV, Jayachandran K, Walker DM. Isolation and molecular characterization of the fungal endophytic microbiome from conventionally and organically grown avocado trees in South Florida. Mycol Prog 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-016-1219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Sandoval-Denis M, Gené J, Sutton D, Wiederhold N, Cano-Lira J, Guarro J. New species of Cladosporium associated with human and animal infections. PERSOONIA 2016; 36:281-98. [PMID: 27616793 PMCID: PMC4988372 DOI: 10.3767/003158516x691951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cladosporium is mainly known as a ubiquitous environmental saprobic fungus or plant endophyte, and to date, just a few species have been documented as etiologic agents in vertebrate hosts, including humans. In the present study, 10 new species of the genus were isolated from human and animal clinical specimens from the USA. They are proposed and characterized on the basis of their morphology and a molecular phylogenetic analysis using DNA sequences from three loci (the ITS region of the rDNA, and partial fragments of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha and actin genes). Six of those species belong to the C. cladosporioides species complex, i.e., C. alboflavescens, C. angulosum, C. anthropophilum, C. crousii, C. flavovirens and C. xantochromaticum, three new species belong to the C. herbarum species complex, i.e., C. floccosum, C. subcinereum and C. tuberosum; and one to the C. sphaerospermum species complex, namely, C. succulentum. Differential morphological features of the new taxa are provided together with molecular barcodes to distinguish them from the currently accepted species of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sandoval-Denis
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - J. Gené
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - D.A. Sutton
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - N.P. Wiederhold
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - J.F. Cano-Lira
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - J. Guarro
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
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