1
|
Zhang S, Fan D, Wu J, Zhang X, Zhuang X, Kong W. The interaction of climate, plant, and soil factors drives putative soil fungal pathogen diversity and community structure in dry grasslands. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2024; 16:e13223. [PMID: 38124298 PMCID: PMC10866062 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Soil pathogens play important roles in shaping soil microbial diversity and controlling ecosystem functions. Though climate and local environmental factors and their influences on fungal pathogen communities have been examined separately, few studies explore the relative contributions of these factors. This is particularly crucial in eco-fragile regions, which are more sensitive to environmental changes. Herein we investigated the diversity and community structure of putative soil fungal pathogens in cold and dry grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau, using high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that steppe soils had the highest diversity of all pathogens and plant pathogens; contrastingly, meadow soils had the highest animal pathogen diversity. Structural equation modelling revealed that climate, plant, and soil had similar levels of influence on putative soil fungal pathogen diversity, with total effects ranging from 52% to 59% (all p < 0.001), with precipitation exhibiting a stronger direct effect than plant and soil factors. Putative soil fungal pathogen community structure gradually changed with desert, steppe, and meadow, and was primarily controlled by the interactions of climate, plant, and soil factors rather than by distinct factors individually. This finding contrasts with most studies of soil bacterial and fungal community structure, which generally report dominant roles of individual environmental factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Dandan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jianshuang Wu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in AgricultureChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xianzhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xuliang Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Weidong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesCapital Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin HC, de Ulzurrun GVD, Chen SA, Yang CT, Tay RJ, Iizuka T, Huang TY, Kuo CY, Gonçalves AP, Lin SY, Chang YC, Stajich JE, Schwarz EM, Hsueh YP. Key processes required for the different stages of fungal carnivory by a nematode-trapping fungus. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002400. [PMID: 37988381 PMCID: PMC10662756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional deprivation triggers a switch from a saprotrophic to predatory lifestyle in soil-dwelling nematode-trapping fungi (NTF). In particular, the NTF Arthrobotrys oligospora secretes food and sex cues to lure nematodes to its mycelium and is triggered to develop specialized trapping devices. Captured nematodes are then invaded and digested by the fungus, thus serving as a food source. In this study, we examined the transcriptomic response of A. oligospora across the stages of sensing, trap development, and digestion upon exposure to the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. A. oligospora enacts a dynamic transcriptomic response, especially of protein secretion-related genes, in the presence of prey. Two-thirds of the predicted secretome of A. oligospora was up-regulated in the presence of C. elegans at all time points examined, and among these secreted proteins, 38.5% are predicted to be effector proteins. Furthermore, functional studies disrupting the t-SNARE protein Sso2 resulted in impaired ability to capture nematodes. Additionally, genes of the DUF3129 family, which are expanded in the genomes of several NTF, were highly up-regulated upon nematode exposure. We observed the accumulation of highly expressed DUF3129 proteins in trap cells, leading us to name members of this gene family as Trap Enriched Proteins (TEPs). Gene deletion of the most highly expressed TEP gene, TEP1, impairs the function of traps and prevents the fungus from capturing prey efficiently. In late stages of predation, we observed up-regulation of a variety of proteases, including metalloproteases. Following penetration of nematodes, these metalloproteases facilitate hyphal growth required for colonization of prey. These findings provide insights into the biology of the predatory lifestyle switch in a carnivorous fungus and provide frameworks for other fungal-nematode predator-prey systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Che Lin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Sheng-An Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ting Yang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rebecca J. Tay
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tomoyo Iizuka
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yu Huang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Kuo
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - A. Pedro Gonçalves
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Siou-Ying Lin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chu Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jason E. Stajich
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Erich M. Schwarz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Yen-Ping Hsueh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Miao Q, Wang Z, Yin Z, Liu X, Li R, Zhang KQ, Li J. Nematode-induced trap formation regulated by the histone H3K4 methyltransferase AoSET1 in the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2663-2679. [PMID: 37233873 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The methylation of lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4), catalyzed by the histone methyltransferase KMT2/SET1, has been functionally identified in many pathogenic fungi but remains unexplored in nematode-trapping fungi (NTFs). Here, we report a regulatory mechanism of an H3K4-specific SET1 orthologue, AoSET1, in the typical nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. When the fungus is induced by the nematode, the expression of AoSET1 is up-regulated. Disruption of AoSet1 led to the abolishment of H3K4me. Consequently, the yield of traps and conidia of ΔAoSet1 was significantly lower than that of the WT strain, and the growth rate and pathogenicity were also compromised. Moreover, H3K4 trimethylation was enriched mainly in the promoter of two bZip transcription factor genes (AobZip129 and AobZip350) and ultimately up-regulated the expression level of these two transcription factor genes. In the ΔAoSet1 and AoH3K4A strains, the H3K4me modification level was significantly decreased at the promoter of transcription factor genes AobZip129 and AobZip350. These results suggest that AoSET1-mediated H3KEme serves as an epigenetic marker of the promoter region of the targeted transcription factor genes. Furthermore, we found that AobZip129 negatively regulates the formation of adhesive networks and the pathogenicity of downstream AoPABP1 and AoCPR1. Our findings confirm that the epigenetic regulatory mechanism plays a pivotal role in regulating trap formation and pathogenesis in NTFs, and provide novel insights into the mechanisms of interaction between NTFs and nematodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Zhengqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Ziyu Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang D, Ma N, Rao W, Zhang Y. Recent Advances in Life History Transition with Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora and Its Application in Sustainable Agriculture. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030367. [PMID: 36986289 PMCID: PMC10056792 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic nematodes cause great annual loss in the agricultural industry globally. Arthrobotrys oligospora is the most prevalent and common nematode-trapping fungus (NTF) in the environment and the candidate for the control of plant- and animal-parasitic nematodes. A. oligospora is also the first recognized and intensively studied NTF species. This review highlights the recent research advances of A. oligospora as a model to study the biological signals of the switch from saprophytism to predation and their sophisticated mechanisms for interacting with their invertebrate hosts, which is of vital importance for improving the engineering of this species as an effective biocontrol fungus. The application of A. oligospora in industry and agriculture, especially as biological control agents for sustainable purposes, was summarized, and we discussed the increasing role of A. oligospora in studying its sexual morph and genetic transformation in complementing biological control research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Nan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Wanqin Rao
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) are the majority of carnivorous microbes to capture nematodes through diverse and sophisticated trapping organs derived from hyphae. They can adopt carnivorous lifestyles in addition to saprophytism to obtain extra-nutrition from nematodes. As a special group of fungi, the NTF are not only excellent model organism for studying lifestyle transition of fungi but also natural resources of exploring biological control of nematodes. However, the carnivorous mechanism of NTF remains poorly understood. Nowadays, the omics studies of NTF have provided numerous genes and pathways that are associated with the phenotypes of carnivorous traits, which need molecular tools to verify. Here, we review the development and progress of gene manipulation tools in NTF, including methodology and strategy of transformation, random gene mutagenesis methods and target gene mutagenesis methods. The principle and practical approach for each method was summarized and discussed, and the basic operational flow for each tool was described. This paper offers a clear reference and instruction for researchers who work on NTF as well as other group of fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunxian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu X, Miao Q, Zhou Z, Lu S, Li J. Identification of Three Novel Conidiogenesis-Related Genes in the Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11070717. [PMID: 35889964 PMCID: PMC9324328 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
For filamentous fungi, conidiogenesis is the most common reproductive strategy for environmental dispersal, invasion, and proliferation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling conidiation and increasing conidium yield may provide promising applications in commercial development in the future for nematode-trapping fungi. However, the molecular mechanism for regulating conidium production of filamentous fungi is not fully understood. In this study, we characterized three novel conidiogenesis-related genes via gene knockout in A. oligospora. The absence of the genes AoCorA and AoRgsD caused significant increases in conidia production, while the absence of AoXlnR resulted in a decrease in conidiogenesis. Moreover, we characterized the ortholog of AbaA, a well-known conidiogenesis-related gene in Aspergillus nidulans. The deletion of AoAbaA not only completely abolished conidium production but also affected the production of nematode-trapping traps.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu MC, Li XM, Zhao N, Yang L, Zhang KQ, Yang JK. Regulatory Mechanism of Trap Formation in the Nematode-Trapping Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040406. [PMID: 35448637 PMCID: PMC9031305 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nematode-trapping (NT) fungi play a significant role in the biological control of plant- parasitic nematodes. NT fungi, as a predator, can differentiate into specialized structures called “traps” to capture, kill, and consume nematodes at a nutrient-deprived condition. Therefore, trap formation is also an important indicator that NT fungi transition from a saprophytic to a predacious lifestyle. With the development of gene knockout and multiple omics such as genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, increasing studies have tried to investigate the regulation mechanism of trap formation in NT fungi. This review summarizes the potential regulatory mechanism of trap formation in NT fungi based on the latest findings in this field. Signaling pathways have been confirmed to play an especially vital role in trap formation based on phenotypes of various mutants and multi-omics analysis, and the involvement of small molecule compounds, woronin body, peroxisome, autophagy, and pH-sensing receptors in the formation of traps are also discussed. In addition, we also highlight the research focus for elucidating the mechanism underlying trap formation of NT fungi in the future.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Y, Ma J, O'Connor P, Zhu YG. Microbial communities on biodegradable plastics under different fertilization practices in farmland soil microcosms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:152184. [PMID: 34890659 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plastic mulching is a common practice in agricultural systems and is often combined with fertilization. Biodegradable plastics (BPs) are becoming an alternative to non-biodegradable plastics (non-BPs) for soil mulching. However, the effects of fertilization on the microbial communities on BPs remain unclear. Here, we explored the responses of the plastisphere to different fertilization practices in soil-based microcosms containing three BPs: polylactic acid (PLA), poly (butylene succinate) (PBS), and poly (butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), and one non-BP (low-density polyethylene, LDPE). The 16S and ITS rRNA gene-based Illumina sequencing method were used to identify the bacterial and fungal communities on the plastics and in the soils. Microbial community structure on BPs was significantly different from that in soils and on LDPE. The predicted functional profiles of bacteria on BPs, especially PBAT, were distinct from those in soils. The plastisphere communities on BPs were dominated by microbes adapted to access and utilize carbon sources compared with of the communities on LDPE. Application of manure increased the alpha diversity of bacterial communities on BPs but decreased it on LDPE. The structure of bacterial communities on BPs changed with the application of manure. Our research establishes the baseline dynamics of plastisphere communities on BPs in soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, China.
| | - Patrick O'Connor
- Centre for Global Food and Resources, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang TY, Lee YY, Vidal-Diez de Ulzurrun G, Hsueh YP. Forward genetic screens identified mutants with defects in trap morphogenesis in the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6055540. [PMID: 33585866 PMCID: PMC8022932 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) are carnivorous fungi that prey on nematodes under nutrient-poor conditions via specialized hyphae that function as traps. The molecular mechanisms involved in the interactions between NTF and their nematode prey are largely unknown. In this study, we conducted forward genetic screens to identify potential genes and pathways that are involved in trap morphogenesis and predation in the NTF Arthrobotrys oligospora. Using Ethyl methanesulfonate and UV as the mutagens, we generated 5552 randomly mutagenized A. oligospora strains and identified 15 mutants with strong defects in trap morphogenesis. Whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatic analyses revealed mutations in genes with roles in signaling, transcription or membrane transport that may contribute to the defects of trap morphogenesis in these mutants. We further conducted functional analyses on a candidate gene, YBP-1, and demonstrate that mutation of that gene was causative of the phenotypes observed in one of the mutants. The methods established in this study might provide helpful insights for establishing forward genetic screening methods for other non-model fungal species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Yu Huang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nangang, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yun Lee
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nangang, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | | | - Yen-Ping Hsueh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nangang, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Long X, He NM, Tan LX, Yang YH, Zhou JP, Liu ZY, Mo MH, Liu T. Methylglyoxal Has Different Impacts on the Fungistatic Roles of Ammonia and Benzaldehyde, and Lactoylglutathione Lyase Is Necessary for the Resistance of Arthrobotrys oligospora to Soil Fungistasis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:640823. [PMID: 33996625 PMCID: PMC8113876 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.640823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocontrol of root-knot nematode has attracted increasing attention over the past two decades. The inconsistent field performance of biocontrol agents, which is caused by soil fungistasis, often restricts their commercial application. There is still a lack of research on the genes involved in biocontrol fungi response to soil fungistasis, which is important for optimizing practical applications of biocontrol fungi. In this study, the lactoylglutathione lyase-encoding AOL_s00004g335 in the nematophagous fungi Arthrobotrys oligospora was knocked out, and three mutant strains were obtained. The hyphal growth of mutants on the three media was almost the same as that of the wild-type strain, but mutants had slightly higher resistance to NaCl, SDS, and H2O2. Methylglyoxal (MG) significantly increased the resistance of A. oligospora to ammonia, but decreased the resistance to benzaldehyde. Furthermore, the resistance of the mutants to soil fungistasis was largely weakened and MG could not increase the resistance of A. oligospora to soil fungistasis. Our results revealed that MG has different effects on the fungistatic roles of ammonia and benzaldehyde and that lactoylglutathione lyase is very important for A. oligospora to resist soil fungistasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Long
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Nian-Min He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Li-Xue Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yun-He Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jia-Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zi-Yi Liu
- Technical Center, Puer Corporation of Yunnan Tobacco Corporation, Puer, China
| | - Ming-He Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang CT, Vidal-Diez de Ulzurrun G, Gonçalves AP, Lin HC, Chang CW, Huang TY, Chen SA, Lai CK, Tsai IJ, Schroeder FC, Stajich JE, Hsueh YP. Natural diversity in the predatory behavior facilitates the establishment of a robust model strain for nematode-trapping fungi. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6762-6770. [PMID: 32161129 PMCID: PMC7104180 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919726117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) are a group of specialized microbial predators that consume nematodes when food sources are limited. Predation is initiated when conserved nematode ascaroside pheromones are sensed, followed by the development of complex trapping devices. To gain insights into the coevolution of this interkingdom predator-prey relationship, we investigated natural populations of nematodes and NTF that we found to be ubiquitous in soils. Arthrobotrys species were sympatric with various nematode species and behaved as generalist predators. The ability to sense prey among wild isolates of Arthrobotrys oligospora varied greatly, as determined by the number of traps after exposure to Caenorhabditis elegans While some strains were highly sensitive to C. elegans and the nematode pheromone ascarosides, others responded only weakly. Furthermore, strains that were highly sensitive to the nematode prey also developed traps faster. The polymorphic nature of trap formation correlated with competency in prey killing, as well as with the phylogeny of A. oligospora natural strains, calculated after assembly and annotation of the genomes of 20 isolates. A chromosome-level genome assembly and annotation were established for one of the most sensitive wild isolates, and deletion of the only G-protein β-subunit-encoding gene of A. oligospora nearly abolished trap formation. In summary, our study establishes a highly responsive A. oligospora wild isolate as a model strain for the study of fungus-nematode interactions and demonstrates that trap formation is a fitness character in generalist predators of the nematode-trapping fungus family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ting Yang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | | | - A Pedro Gonçalves
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Che Lin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Chang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yu Huang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-An Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kuo Lai
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Isheng J Tsai
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Frank C Schroeder
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Jason E Stajich
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Yen-Ping Hsueh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|