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Sifaoui I, Rodríguez-Expósito RL, Reyes-Batlle M, Sutak R, Piñero JE, Lorenzo-Morales J. Amoebicidal Effect of COVID Box Molecules against Acanthamoeba: A Study of Cell Death. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:808. [PMID: 38931475 PMCID: PMC11206913 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acanthamoeba spp. can cause a sight threatening disease. At present, the current treatments used to treat Acanthamoeba spp. Infections, such as biguanide-based antimicrobials, remain inefficacious, with the appearance of resistant forms and high cytotoxicity to host cells. In this study, an initial screening was conducted against Acanthamoeba castellanii Neff and murine macrophages J774A.1 using alamarBlue™. Among the 160 compounds included in the cited box, 90% exhibited an inhibition of the parasite above 80%, while only 18.75% of the compounds inhibited the parasite with a lethality towards murine macrophage lower than 20%. Based on the amoebicidal activity, the cytotoxicity assay, and availability, Terconazole was chosen for the elucidation of the action mode in two clinical strains, Acanthamoeba culbertsoni and Acanthamoeba castellanii L10. A fluorescence image-based system and proteomic techniques were used to investigate the effect of the present azole on the cytoskeleton network and various programmed cell death features, including chromatin condensation and mitochondria dysfunction. Taking all the results together, we can suggest that Terconazole can induce programmed cell death (PCD) via the inhibition of sterol biosynthesis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Sifaoui
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (I.S.); (R.L.R.-E.); (M.R.-B.)
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación on Biomédica En Red (CIBER), Área de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén L. Rodríguez-Expósito
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (I.S.); (R.L.R.-E.); (M.R.-B.)
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación on Biomédica En Red (CIBER), Área de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Reyes-Batlle
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (I.S.); (R.L.R.-E.); (M.R.-B.)
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación on Biomédica En Red (CIBER), Área de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert Sutak
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic;
| | - José E. Piñero
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (I.S.); (R.L.R.-E.); (M.R.-B.)
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación on Biomédica En Red (CIBER), Área de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (I.S.); (R.L.R.-E.); (M.R.-B.)
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación on Biomédica En Red (CIBER), Área de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
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Ashwini K, Siva B, Poornima P, Reddy SD, Sastry VG, Babu KS. New cytotoxic spatane diterpenoids from marine alga Stoechospermum marginatum. Fitoterapia 2024; 177:106071. [PMID: 38906385 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Three new spatane diterpenoids (1-3) were isolated from the brown alga Stoechospermum marginatum together with three known compounds (4-6). The structures of these compounds were determined by the detailed NMR spectroscopic and Mass spectrometric analyses. All the isolated compounds were screened for their cytotoxic potentials against a panel of four human cancer cell lines, which include DU145 (Prostate), B16F10 (Melanoma), MDA MB-231 (Breast), and HeLa (Cervical) along with a normal cell line (HEK). The screening results indicated that compounds 1, 4 and 5 displayed significant activities against B16F10 [IC50, 6.21 ± 0.14, 5.88 ± 0.21, 5.31 ± 0.24 μM] and MDA MB-231 [9.25 ± 0.61, 4.59 ± 0.14, 4.19 ± 0.13 μM] cell lines, respectively. In view of their significant activity, these compounds 1, 4 and 5 were further taken up for detailed fluorescence assays, scratch assay and flow cytometry analysis, which revealed that they diminished proliferation and arrested cell cycle in the S phase and G2/M phase, which induced cell death by apoptosis. Overall, based on their considerable results, these compounds could serve as lead molecules in the development of anticancer drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolukula Ashwini
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Bandi Siva
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Penta Poornima
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Solipeta Divya Reddy
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Vedula Girija Sastry
- AU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Katragadda Suresh Babu
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India.
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Qi C, Zhang H, Chen W, Liu W. Curcumin: An innovative approach for postharvest control of Alternaria alternata induced black rot in cherry tomatoes. Fungal Biol 2024; 128:1691-1697. [PMID: 38575242 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Curcumin, a natural bioactive compound derived from Curcuma longa, has been widely recognized for its antifungal properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of curcumin on the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata and its pathogenicity in cherry tomato fruit. The results demonstrated that curcumin treatment significantly inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination of A. alternata in a dose-dependent manner. Scanning electron microscopy revealed alterations in the morphology of A. alternata mycelia treated with curcumin. Furthermore, curcumin treatment led to an increase in malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents, indicating cell membrane damage in A. alternata. Moreover, curcumin exhibited a remarkable inhibitory effect on the incidence and lesion diameters of black rot caused by A. alternata in cherry tomato fruit. Gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of defense-related genes (POD, SOD, and CAT) in tomato fruit treated with curcumin. Additionally, curcumin treatment resulted in decreased activity of exocellular pathogenic enzymes (polygalacturonase, pectin lyase, and endo-1,4-β-d-glucanase) in A. alternata. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of curcumin as an effective antifungal agent against A. alternata, providing insights into its inhibitory mechanisms on mycelial growth, spore germination, and pathogenicity in cherry tomato fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Qi
- College of Economics and Management, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830000, PR China.
| | - Haijing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, PR China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, PR China.
| | - Weizhong Liu
- College of Economics and Management, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830000, PR China.
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Song C, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Chen M, Zhang Y, Gao C, Jia Z, Song S, Guan J, Shang Z. Volatile organic compounds produced by Bacillus aryabhattai AYG1023 against Penicillium expansum causing blue mold on the Huangguan pear. Microbiol Res 2024; 278:127531. [PMID: 37871540 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Previous research on Bacillus aryabhattai has mainly focused on bioremediation, biosynthesis, and promotion of plant growth, whereas the function of B. aryabhattai on antifungal activity remains to be explored. In this study, we isolated a biocontrol bacterium with antagonistic activity against post-harvest pathogenic fungi by releasing volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We aimed to assess the effectiveness of VOCs produced by B. aryabhattai in prevention of the development of blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum in the Huangguan pear, and reveal the inhibitory mechanism against the pathogenic fungi. Using molecular methods, the biocontrol bacterium was identified as Bacillus aryabhattai AYG1023. 2-Nonanol was identified as the main VOC by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS). It showed strong inhibition of mycelial growth and conidial germination when treated at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed that 2-nonanol caused abnormal changes in mycelial and conidial ultrastructure. 2-Nonanol also damaged the integrity of fungal cell membranes and reduced the ergosterol content to 44.77% of P. expansum. In addition, the production of secondary metabolites in P. expansum including patulin and citrinin was significantly reduced by 2-nonanol. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 2-nonanol modulated the expression of genes involved in development, and conidiation pathways, as well as secondary metabolite biosynthesis including steroid biosynthesis, citrinin production and patulin production. Furthermore, blue mold was completely inhibited by treatment with 0.04 μL mL-1 2-nonanol for 48 h on the Huangguan pear. In conclusion, Bacillus aryabhattai AYG1023 was identified as a promising and efficient agent for controlling post-harvest diseases via the release of VOCs, and the outcome of this study lays a theoretical foundation for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China; Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengyao Chen
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Congcong Gao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuishan Song
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Junfeng Guan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Zhonglin Shang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Yang SZ, Peng LT. Significance of the plasma membrane H +-ATPase and V-ATPase for growth and pathogenicity in pathogenic fungi. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2023; 124:31-53. [PMID: 37597947 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic fungi are widespread and cause a variety of diseases in human beings and other organisms. At present, limited classes of antifungal agents are available to treat invasive fungal diseases. With the wide use of the commercial antifungal agents, drug resistance of pathogenic fungi are continuously increasing. Therefore, exploring effective antifungal agents with novel drug targets is urgently needed to cope with the challenges that the antifungal area faces. pH homeostasis is vital for multiple cellular processes, revealing the potential for defining novel drug targets. Fungi have evolved a number of strategies to maintain a stable pH internal environment in response to rapid metabolism and a dramatically changing extracellular environment. Among them, plasma membrane H+-ATPase (PMA) and vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) play a central role in the regulation of pH homeostasis system. In this chapter, we will summarize the current knowledge about pH homeostasis and its regulation mechanisms in pathogenic fungi, especially for the recent advances in PMA and V-ATPase, which would help in revealing the regulating mechanism of pH on cell growth and pathogenicity, and further designing effective drugs and identify new targets for combating fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Z Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China.
| | - L T Peng
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Xun W, Gong B, Liu X, Yang X, Zhou X, Jin L. Antifungal Mechanism of Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid against Pestalotiopsis kenyana. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11274. [PMID: 37511033 PMCID: PMC10379350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pestalotiopsis sp. is an important class of plant pathogenic fungi that can infect a variety of crops. We have proved the pathogenicity of P. kenyana on bayberry leaves and caused bayberry blight. Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) has the characteristics of high efficiency, low toxicity, and environmental friendliness, which can prevent fungal diseases on a variety of crops. In this study, the effect of PCA on the morphological, physiological, and molecular characteristics of P. kenyana has been investigated, and the potential antifungal mechanism of PCA against P. kenyana was also explored. We applied PCA on P. kenyana in vitro and in vivo to determine its inhibitory effect on PCA. It was found that PCA was highly efficient against P. kenyana, with EC50 around 2.32 μg/mL, and the in vivo effect was 57% at 14 μg/mL. The mechanism of PCA was preliminarily explored by transcriptomics technology. The results showed that after the treatment of PCA, 3613 differential genes were found, focusing on redox processes and various metabolic pathways. In addition, it can also cause mycelial development malformation, damage cell membranes, reduce mitochondrial membrane potential, and increase ROS levels. This result expanded the potential agricultural application of PCA and revealed the possible mechanism against P. kenyana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Xun
- Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Bing Gong
- Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xingxin Liu
- Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiuju Yang
- Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Tea, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Linhong Jin
- Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Hua M, Deng Q, Qiu M, Deng Y, Sun L, Fang Z, Liao J, Zhao J, Gooneratne R. Iturin A Strongly Inhibits the Growth and T-2 Toxin Synthesis of Fusarium oxysporum: A Morphological, Cellular, and Transcriptomics Study. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061278. [PMID: 36981204 PMCID: PMC10048737 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum) is a common contaminant of dried fish, and the T-2 synthesis by this organism in dried fish products poses a serious public health risk. In this study, we investigated the effects of iturin A, a cyclic lipopeptide produced by Bacillus subtilis, on the growth and synthesis of the T-2 toxin of F. oxysporum, and transcriptomics was conducted. Results showed that the inhibitory effect of iturin A on F. oxysporum was significantly enhanced with an increase in iturin A concentrations. More specifically, compared with the control group, all indexes in the iturin A treatment group with 50 μg/mL were decreased to 24.84 mm, 0.33 × 106 cfu/mL, and 5.86 ng/mL for the colony diameter, number of spores, and concentration of T-2 toxin, respectively. Furthermore, iturin A was proven to destroy the integrity of cell membranes and cause a significant increase in ROS at 25 μg/mL or 50 μg/mL. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that with the treatment of iturin A, the genes of the oxidation-reduction process were up-regulated, while the gene expression of mycelial growth, cell integrity, transmembrane transport, energy metabolism, and others were down-regulated. More importantly, the Tri5 gene cluster was significantly inhibited. This study provided new insights into the mechanism for the inhibitory effect of iturin A on the growth and T-2 toxin synthesis of F. oxysporum and theoretical guidance for the application of iturin A in the preservation of dried aquatic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Hua
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 525088, China
| | - Qi Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 525088, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Mei Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 525088, China
| | - Yijia Deng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 500715, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 525088, China
| | - Zhijia Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 525088, China
| | - Jianmeng Liao
- Zhanjiang Institute of Food and Drug Control, Zhanjiang 525022, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, P.O. Box 85085, Lincoln 7657, New Zealand
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Guo Z, Liu X, Wang N, Mo P, Shen J, Liu M, Zhang H, Wang P, Zhang Z. Membrane component ergosterol builds a platform for promoting effector secretion and virulence in Magnaporthe oryzae. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:930-943. [PMID: 36300785 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) functions as a physical border between the extracellular and cytoplasmic environments that contribute to the interaction between host plants and pathogenic fungi. As a specific sterol constituent in the cell membrane, ergosterol plays a significant role in fungal development. However, the role of ergosterol in the infection of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae remains unclear. In this study, we found that a sterol reductase, MoErg4, is involved in ergosterol biosynthesis and the regulation of plasma membrane integrity in M. oryzae. We found that defects in ergosterol biosynthesis disrupt lipid raft formation in the PM and cause an abnormal distribution of the t-soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein MoSso1, inhibiting its interaction with the v-SNARE protein MoSnc1. In addition, we found that MoSso1-MoSnc1 interaction is important for biotrophic interface complex development and cytoplasmic effector protein secretion. Our findings suggested that ergosterol-enriched lipid rafts constitute a platform for interactions among various SNARE proteins that are required for the development and pathogenicity of M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Guo
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Nian Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Pengcheng Mo
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ju Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Muxing Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Duan WY, Zhang SB, Lv YY, Zhai HC, Wei S, Ma PA, Cai JP, Hu YS. Inhibitory effect of (E)-2-heptenal on Aspergillus flavus growth revealed by metabolomics and biochemical analyses. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023. [PMID: 36477927 DOI: 10.1016/10.1007/s00253-022-12320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The prevention of fungal proliferation in postharvest grains is critical for maintaining grain quality and reducing mycotoxin contamination. Fumigation with natural gaseous fungicides is a promising and sustainable approach to protect grains from fungal spoilage. In this study, the antifungal activities of (E)-2-alkenals (C5-C10) on Aspergillus flavus were tested in the vapor phase, and (E)-2-heptenal showed the highest antifungal activity against A. flavus. (E)-2-Heptenal completely inhibited A. flavus growth at 0.0125 µL/mL and 0.2 µL/mL in the vapor phase and liquid contact, respectively. (E)-2-Heptenal can disrupt the plasma membrane integrity of A. flavus via leakage of intracellular electrolytes. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the mycelial morphology of A. flavus was remarkably affected by (E)-2-heptenal. Metabolomic analyses indicated that 49 metabolites were significantly differentially expressed in A. flavus mycelia exposed to 0.2 µL/mL (E)-2-heptenal; these metabolites were mainly involved in galactose metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, the phosphotransferase system, and ATP-binding cassette transporters. ATP production was reduced in (E)-2-heptenal-treated A. flavus, and Janus Green B staining showed reduced cytochrome c oxidase activity. (E)-2-Heptenal treatment induced oxidative stress in A. flavus mycelia with an accumulation of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide and increased activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Simulated storage experiments showed that fumigation with 400 µL/L of (E)-2-heptenal vapor could completely inhibit A. flavus growth in wheat grains with 20% moisture; this demonstrates its potential use in preventing grain spoilage. This study provides valuable insights into understanding the antifungal effects of (E)-2-heptenal on A. flavus. KEY POINTS : • (E)-2-Heptenal vapor showed the highest antifungal activity against A. flavus among (C5-C10) (E)-2-alkenals. • The antifungal effects of (E)-2-heptenal against A. flavus were determined. • The antifungal actions of (E)-2-heptenal on A. flavus were revealed by metabolomics and biochemical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yan Duan
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai-Bing Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang-Yong Lv
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan-Chen Zhai
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Wei
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping-An Ma
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ping Cai
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Sen Hu
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
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Inhibitory effect of (E)-2-heptenal on Aspergillus flavus growth revealed by metabolomics and biochemical analyses. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 107:341-354. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Singh BK, Chaudhari AK, Das S, Tiwari S, Maurya A, Singh VK, Dubey NK. Chitosan encompassed Aniba rosaeodora essential oil as innovative green candidate for antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity in millets with emphasis on cellular and its mode of action. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:970670. [PMID: 36016775 PMCID: PMC9395724 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.970670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrates first time investigation on encapsulation of Aniba rosaeodora essential oil into chitosan nanoemulsion (AREO-CsNe) with the aim of improvement of its antifungal, and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) inhibitory performance in real food system. The GC–MS analysis of AREO revealed the presence of linalool (81.46%) as a major component. The successful encapsulation of EO into CsNe was confirmed through SEM, FTIR, and XRD analysis. The in-vitro release study showed the controlled release of AREO. AREO-CsNe caused complete inhibition of Aspergillus flavus (AFLHPSi-1) growth and AFB1 production at 0.8 and 0.6 μl/ml, respectively, which was far better than AREO (1.4 and 1.2 μl/ml, respectively). Impairment of ergosterol biosynthesis coupled with enhancement of cellular materials leakage confirmed plasma membrane as the possible antifungal target of both AREO and AREO-CsNe. Significant inhibition of methylglyoxal (AFB1 inducer) synthesis in AFLHPSi-1 cells by AREO and AREO-CsNe confirmed their novel antiaflatoxigenic mode of action. In-silico molecular docking studies revealed effective interaction of linalool with Ver-1 and Omt-A proteins, leading to inhibition of AFB1 biosynthesis. Further, AREO-CsNe showed enhanced antioxidant activity with IC50 values 3.792 and 1.706 μl/ml against DPPH• and ABTS•+ radicals, respectively. In addition, AREO-CsNe caused 100% protection of stored millets (Setaria italica seeds) from AFB1 contamination and lipid peroxidation over a period of 1 year without compromising its sensory properties and exhibited high safety profile with LD50 value 9538.742 μl/kg body weight. Based on enhanced performance of AREO-CsNe over AREO, it can be recommended as a novel substitute of synthetic preservative for preservation of stored millets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijendra Kumar Singh
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Somenath Das
- Department of Botany, Burdwan Raj College, Bardhaman, West Bengal, India
| | - Shikha Tiwari
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Akash Maurya
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vipin Kumar Singh
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Nawal Kishore Dubey
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- *Correspondence: Nawal Kishore Dubey,
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The plasma membrane H +-ATPase is critical for cell growth and pathogenicity in Penicillium digitatum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5123-5136. [PMID: 35771244 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane H+-ATPase (PMA1) is a major cytosolic pH regulator and a potential candidate for antifungal drug discovery due to its fungal specificity and criticality. In this study, the function of Penicillum digitatum PMA1 was characterized through RNA interference (RNAi) and overexpression technology. The results showed that silencing the PMA1 gene reduces cell growth and pathogenicity, and increases susceptibility of P. digitatum to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination, cell morphology was significantly altered in the PMA1- silenced mutant (si57). When compared with wild type (WT) and the overexpressed mutant (oe9), the cell walls of the si57 mutant were thicker and their cell membrane damage manifested particularly at sites of polarized growth. Consistent with the morphological change on the cell wall, chitin and glucan content of the cell wall of si57 were significantly lower and accompanied with increased activities of chitinase and glucanase. The lower ergosterol content in the si57 mutant then increased cell membrane permeability, ultimately leading to leakage of cytoplasmic contents such as ions, reduced sugars and soluble proteins. Furthermore, significantly decreased activity of cell wall degrading enzymes of si57 during citrus fruit infections indicates a reduced pathogenicity in this mutant. We conclude that PMA1 in P. digitatum plays an important role in maintaining pathogenesis and PMA1 could be a candidate novel fungicidal drug discovery for citrus green mold. KEY POINTS: Silencing PMA1 gene decreased the growth and pathogenicity of P. digitatum. Silencing PMA1 gene damaged cell wall and cell membrane integrity of P. digitatum. PMA1 appears to be a suitable fungicidal target against citrus green mold.
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