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Zhang M, Guo D, Wang H, Wu G, Ding N, Shi Y, Zhou J, Zhao E, Li X. Integrated characterization of filler tobacco leaves: HS-SPME-GC-MS, E-nose, and microbiome analysis across different origins. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2024; 11:11. [PMID: 38647645 PMCID: PMC10992047 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-024-00728-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study delves into the aroma characteristics and microbial composition of filler tobacco leaves (FTLs) sourced from six distinct cigar-growing regions within Yunnan, China, following standardized fermentation. An integrated approach using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), electronic nose (E-nose), and microbiome analysis was employed for comprehensive profiling. Results derived from Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) using E-nose data confirmed the presence of notable variability in flavor substance profiles among the FTLs from six regions. Additionally, GC-MS was used to discern disparities in volatile organic compound (VOC) distribution across FTLs from these regions, identifying 92, 81, 79, 58, 69, and 92 VOCs within each respective sample set. Significantly, 24 VOCs emerged as pivotal determinants contributing to the heterogeneity of flavor profiles among FTLs from diverse origins, as indicated by Variable Importance for the Projection (VIP) analysis. Furthermore, distinctions in free amino acid content and chemical constituents were observed across FTLs. Of noteworthy significance, solanone, isophorone, durene, (-)-alpha-terpineol, and 2,3'-bipyridine exhibited the strongest correlations with microbiome data, with fungal microorganisms exerting a more pronounced influence on metabolites, as elucidated through two-way orthogonal partial least-squares (O2PLS) modeling. These findings provide a theoretical and technical basis for accurately evaluating the synchronization of FTLs in aromas and fermentation processes, and they will enhance the quality of fermented FTLs and foster the growth of the domestic cigar tobacco industry ultimately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Danxia Road 485#, Hefei City, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Dongfeng Guo
- China Tobacco Anhui Industrial Co., Ltd., Huangshan Road 606#, Hefei City, 230088, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Haiqing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Danxia Road 485#, Hefei City, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Guanglong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Danxia Road 485#, Hefei City, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Naihong Ding
- China Tobacco Anhui Industrial Co., Ltd., Huangshan Road 606#, Hefei City, 230088, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yaqi Shi
- China Tobacco Anhui Industrial Co., Ltd., Huangshan Road 606#, Hefei City, 230088, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jinlong Zhou
- China Tobacco Anhui Industrial Co., Ltd., Huangshan Road 606#, Hefei City, 230088, Anhui Province, China
| | - Eryong Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Danxia Road 485#, Hefei City, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xingjiang Li
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Danxia Road 485#, Hefei City, 230601, Anhui Province, China.
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2
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Li C, Li G, Qi X, Yu Z, Abdallah Y, Ogunyemi SO, Zhang S, Ren H, Mohany M, S. Al-Rejaie S, Li B, Liu E. The Effects of Accompanying Ryegrass on Bayberry Trees by Change of Soil Property, Rhizosphere Microbial Community Structure, and Metabolites. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3669. [PMID: 37960028 PMCID: PMC10650151 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
As a subtropical and tropical tree, bayberry (Myrica rubra) is an important fruit tree grown commercially in southern China. Interestingly, our studies found that the fruit quality of bayberry with accompanying ryegrass was significantly improved, but its mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of accompanying ryegrass on the beneficial effect of the fruit quality of bayberry by measuring the vegetative growth parameters, fruit parameters with economic impact, physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil, microbial community structure, and metabolites of the bayberry with/without ryegrass. Notably, the results revealed a significant difference between bayberry trees with and without accompanying ryegrass in fruit quality parameters, soil physical and chemical properties, microbial community structure, and metabolites. Compared with the control without accompanying ryegrass, the planting of ryegrass increased the titratable sugar, vitamin C, and titratable flavonoid contents of bayberry fruits by 2.26%, 28.45%, and 25.00%, respectively, and decreased the titratable acid contents by 9.04%. Furthermore, based on 16S and ITS amplicon sequencing of soil microflora, the accompanying ryegrass caused a 12.47% increment in Acidobacteriota while a 30.04% reduction in Actinobacteria was recorded, respectively, when compared with the bayberry trees without ryegrass. Redundancy discriminant analysis of microbial communities and soil properties indicated that the main variables of the bacterial community included available nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable aluminum, and available kalium, while the main variables of the fungal community included exchangeable aluminum, available phosphorus, available kalium, and pH. In addition, the change in microbial community structure was justified by the high correlation analysis between microorganisms and secondary metabolites. Indeed, GC-MS metabolomics analysis showed that planting ryegrass caused a 3.83%-144.36% increase in 19 metabolites such as 1,3-Dipentyl-heptabarbital and carbonic acid 1, respectively, and a 23.78%-51.79% reduction of 5 metabolites compared to the bayberry trees without the accompanying ryegrass. Overall, the results revealed the significant change caused by the planting of ryegrass in the physical and chemical properties, microbiota, and secondary metabolites of the bayberry rhizosphere soils, which provides a new insight for the ecological improvement of bayberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxin Li
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China;
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (G.L.); (X.Q.); (Z.Y.); (S.Z.)
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.A.); (S.O.O.)
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (G.L.); (X.Q.); (Z.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Xingjiang Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (G.L.); (X.Q.); (Z.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Zheping Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (G.L.); (X.Q.); (Z.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yasmine Abdallah
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.A.); (S.O.O.)
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Elminya 61519, Egypt
| | | | - Shuwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (G.L.); (X.Q.); (Z.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Haiying Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (G.L.); (X.Q.); (Z.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.); (S.S.A.-R.)
| | - Salim S. Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.); (S.S.A.-R.)
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.A.); (S.O.O.)
| | - Erming Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China;
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3
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Mirabile G, Ferraro V, Mancuso FP, Pecoraro L, Cirlincione F. Biodiversity of Fungi in Freshwater Ecosystems of Italy. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:993. [PMID: 37888249 PMCID: PMC10607542 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal biodiversity is still mostly unknown and their presence in particular ecosystems such as freshwater habitats is often underestimated. The ecological role that these fungi play in freshwater environments mainly concerns their activity as decomposers of litter and plant material. At present, it is estimated that 3870 species belong to the ecological group of freshwater fungi (13 phyla and 45 classes). In this survey, we provide an overview of the Italian freshwater fungal diversity on the basis of the field and literature data. In the literature, data on freshwater fungi are fragmentary and not updated, focusing mainly on northern Italy where the most important lakes and rivers are present, while data from central and southern Italy (including Sicily and Sardinia) are almost completely ineffective. In particular, Ascomycota are reported in only 14 publications, most of which concern the freshwater environments of Lombardia, Piemonte, and Veneto. Only one publication explores the biodiversity of freshwater Basidiomycota in the wetlands of the Cansiglio forest (Veneto). The field observation allowed for us to identify 38 species of Basidiomycota growing in riparian forest of Italy. However, the number of fungi in freshwater habitats of Italy is strongly underestimated and many species are still completely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mirabile
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 5, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.)
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61 (c/o Palazzo Steri), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Ferraro
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, University Campus “Ernesto Quagliariello”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Mancuso
- Department of Earth and Sea Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pecoraro
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
| | - Fortunato Cirlincione
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 5, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.)
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Luo K, Zhao G, Chen M, Tian X. Effects of maize resistance and leaf chemical substances on the structure of phyllosphere fungal communities. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1241055. [PMID: 37645458 PMCID: PMC10461017 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1241055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that plant genotype can regulate phyllosphere fungi at the species level. However, little is known about how plant varieties shape the fungal communities in the phyllosphere. In this study, four types of maize varieties with various levels of resistances to Exserohilum turcicum were subjected to high-throughput sequencing to reveal the properties that influences the composition of phyllosphere fungal communities. The dominant fungi genera for all four maize varieties were Alternaria at different relative abundances, followed by Nigrospora. Hierarchical clustering analysis, non-metric multidimensional scaling and similarity analysis confirmed that the fungal communities in the phyllosphere of the four varieties were significantly different and clustered into the respective maize variety they inhabited. The findings from Redundancy Analysis (RDA) indicated that both maize resistance and leaf chemical constituents, including nitrogen, phosphorus, tannins, and flavonoids, were the major drivers in determining the composition of phyllosphere fungal communities. Among these factors, maize resistance was found to be the most influential, followed by phosphorus. The co-occurrence network of the fungal communities in the phyllosphere of highly resistant variety had higher complexity, integrity and stability compared to others maize varieties. In a conclusion, maize variety resistance and leaf chemical constituents play a major role in shaping the phyllosphere fungal community. The work proposes a link between the assembled fungal communities within the phyllosphere with maize variety that is resistant to pathogenic fungi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Luo
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gonghua Zhao
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Mengfei Chen
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xueliang Tian
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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5
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Silva RMF, Neto WP, Oliveira RJ, Bezerra JD, Bezerra JL, de Lima VX, Vieira LC, Tabosa JN, Souza-Motta CM, Silva GA. Effect of climate and phenological stage on fungal endophytes community in Sorghum bicolor leaves. Mycol Prog 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-023-01870-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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6
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Huang Z, Li Q, Gai X, Zhang X, Zhong Z, Bian F, Yang C. Effects of on- and off-year management practices on the soil organic C fractions and microbial community in a Moso bamboo ( Phyllostachys edulis) forest in subtropical China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1020344. [PMID: 36570912 PMCID: PMC9780457 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1020344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
On- and off-year management practices are usually adopted in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) forests to achieve higher productivity. However, little is known about the effects of these management practices on soil C sequestration and microbial community structure. In the present study, soil nutrient content, organic C fractions, and bacterial and fungal communities were comparatively investigated in on- and off-year bamboo stands. The results showed that soil organic C (SOC), alkali-hydrolyzable N (AN), and available P (AP) in the on-year were significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) than those in the off-year. Among the different soil organic C fractions, easily oxidizable organic C (EOC), microbial biomass C (MBC), Ca-bound SOC (Ca-SOC), and Fe/Al-bound SOC (Fe/Al-SOC) also had significantly higher contents in the off-year than in the on-year, with MBC and EOC decreasing by 56.3% and 24.5%, respectively, indicating that both active and passive soil organic C pools increased in the off-year. However, the alpha diversities of both soil bacteria and fungi were significantly lower in the off-year soils than in the on-year soils. The bacterial taxa Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, WPS-2, Acidothermus, Candidatus_Solibacter, Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia, and Candidatus_Xiphinematobacter were increased in off-year soils relative to on-year soils. Meanwhile, fungal taxa Ascomycota, Mortierella, Hypocrea, Cryptococcus, Clitopilus, and Ceratocystis were significantly increased in on-year soils. Soil pH, SOC, AP, MBC, EOC, and Ca-SOC were significantly correlated with bacterial and fungal communities, with soil pH being the most important driving factor for the shift in bacterial and fungal communities. Our findings showed that the studied bamboo forest possessed an inherent restorative ability in the off-year, which can reverse the soil nutrient and C depletion in the on-years and ensure soil fertility in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Huang
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Key Laboratory of Bamboo Forest Ecology and Resource Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Long-term Observation and Research Station for Forest Ecosystem in Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou Plain, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiaoling Li
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Key Laboratory of Bamboo Forest Ecology and Resource Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Long-term Observation and Research Station for Forest Ecosystem in Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou Plain, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Gai
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Key Laboratory of Bamboo Forest Ecology and Resource Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Long-term Observation and Research Station for Forest Ecosystem in Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou Plain, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biochar of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheke Zhong
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Key Laboratory of Bamboo Forest Ecology and Resource Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Long-term Observation and Research Station for Forest Ecosystem in Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou Plain, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangyuan Bian
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Key Laboratory of Bamboo Forest Ecology and Resource Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Long-term Observation and Research Station for Forest Ecosystem in Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou Plain, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuanbao Yang
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Key Laboratory of Bamboo Forest Ecology and Resource Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Long-term Observation and Research Station for Forest Ecosystem in Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou Plain, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Likar M, Grašič M, Stres B, Regvar M, Gaberščik A. Original Leaf Colonisers Shape Fungal Decomposer Communities of Phragmites australis in Intermittent Habitats. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030284. [PMID: 35330286 PMCID: PMC8951327 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Common reed (Phragmites australis) has high biomass production and is primarily subjected to decomposition processes affected by multiple factors. To predict litter decomposition dynamics in intermittent lakes, it is critical to understand how communities of fungi, as the primary decomposers, form under different habitat conditions. This study reports the shotgun metagenomic sequencing of the initial fungal communities on common reed leaves decomposing under different environmental conditions. We demonstrate that a complex network of fungi forms already on the plant persists into the decomposition phase. Phragmites australis leaves contained at least five fungal phyla, with abundant Ascomycota (95.7%) and Basidiomycota (4.1%), identified as saprotrophs (48.6%), pathotrophs (22.5%), and symbiotrophs (12.6%). Most of the correlations between fungi in fresh and decomposing leaves were identified as co-occurrences (positive correlations). The geographic source of litter and leaf age did not affect the structure and diversity of fungal communities. Keystone taxa were mostly moisture-sensitive. Our results suggest that habitat has a strong effect on the formation of the fungal communities through keystone taxa. Nevertheless, it can also alter the proportions of individual fungal groups in the community through indirect effects on competition between the fungal taxa and their exploitation of favourable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matevž Likar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.G.); (M.R.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-320-3-418
| | - Mateja Grašič
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.G.); (M.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Blaž Stres
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Marjana Regvar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.G.); (M.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Alenka Gaberščik
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.G.); (M.R.); (A.G.)
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8
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Chang Y, Xia X, Sui L, Kang Q, Lu Y, Li L, Liu W, Li Q, Zhang Z. Endophytic colonization of entomopathogenic fungi increases plant disease resistance by changing the endophytic bacterial community. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:1098-1112. [PMID: 34738230 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Various mechanisms are involved in plant disease resistance mediated by entomopathogenic fungi; however, the role of plant endophytic microbes in disease resistance is unknown. In the present study, we showed that the disease incidence of northern corn leaf blight caused by Exserohilum turcicum (Et) on maize was reduced significantly by soil inoculation with Beauveria bassiana (Bb). Meanwhile, B. bassiana colonization and E. turcicum infection increased the diversity and abundance and diversity of endophytic bacteria and fungi, respectively, while the abundance of endophytic bacterial of the Bb + Et treatment decreased significantly compared with that of Et treatment alone. However, Bb + Et treatment increased the relative abundance of plant beneficial bacteria significantly, for example, Burkholderia and Pseudomonas. Network analyses showed that the microbiome complexity increased after soil inoculation with B. bassiana. Taken together, these results revealed the potential mechanism by which entomopathogenic fungi exert biological control of maize leaf spot disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Chang
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyao Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Li Sui
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Qin Kang
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Le Li
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wende Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyun Li
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhengkun Zhang
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
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9
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Sun X, Zheng Y, Xu G, Guo Q, Tan J, Ding G. Fungal diversity within the phyllosphere of Pinus massoniana and the possible involvement of phyllospheric fungi in litter decomposition. Fungal Biol 2021; 125:785-795. [PMID: 34537174 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fungi play key roles in forest ecosystems and help to shape the forest's diverse functions. However, little is known about the diversity of phyllospheric fungi or their possible relationships with fungal communities residing in different micro-environments of Pinus massoniana forests. We investigated seven different sample types: mature needles (NM), dead needles (ND), needles falling as litter (L), fermenting needles (F), humus (H), top soil (0-20 cm) (TS), and secondary soil (20-40 cm) (SS). These seven fungal communities were examined and compared with ITS amplicons using a high-throughput sequencing technique. A total of 1213 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained at a 97% sequence similarity level. Distinct fungal communities were associated with different sample types. A greater number of OTUs were present in both NM and F samples than those shared by both NM and TS samples, indicating that phyllospheric fungi may play crucial roles in litter decomposition. Sixty OTUs (the core microbiome) were found in all sample types, and they may probably play different ecological roles in different sample types. These findings extend our knowledge of the fungal diversity of the phyllosphere and its possible interactions with fungal communities found in distinct forest micro-habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueguang Sun
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Yang Zheng
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qiqiang Guo
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jianhui Tan
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, 530002, China
| | - Guijie Ding
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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10
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Wenndt AJ, Evans SE, van Diepeningen AD, Logan JR, Jacobson PJ, Seely MK, Jacobson KM. Why Plants Harbor Complex Endophytic Fungal Communities: Insights From Perennial Bunchgrass Stipagrostis sabulicola in the Namib Sand Sea. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:691584. [PMID: 34168636 PMCID: PMC8217645 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.691584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
All perennial plants harbor diverse endophytic fungal communities, but why they tolerate these complex asymptomatic symbioses is unknown. Using a multi-pronged approach, we conclusively found that a dryland grass supports endophyte communities comprised predominantly of latent saprophytes that can enhance localized nutrient recycling after senescence. A perennial bunchgrass, Stipagrostis sabulicola, which persists along a gradient of extreme abiotic stress in the hyper-arid Namib Sand Sea, was the focal point of our study. Living tillers yielded 20 fungal endophyte taxa, 80% of which decomposed host litter during a 28-day laboratory decomposition assay. During a 6-month field experiment, tillers with endophytes decomposed twice as fast as sterilized tillers, consistent with the laboratory assay. Furthermore, profiling the community active during decomposition using next-generation sequencing revealed that 59-70% of the S. sabulicola endophyte community is comprised of latent saprophytes, and these dual-niche fungi still constitute a large proportion (58-62%) of the litter community more than a year after senescence. This study provides multiple lines of evidence that the fungal communities that initiate decomposition of standing litter develop in living plants, thus providing a plausible explanation for why plants harbor complex endophyte communities. Using frequent overnight non-rainfall moisture events (fog, dew, high humidity), these latent saprophytes can initiate decomposition of standing litter immediately after tiller senescence, thus maximizing the likelihood that plant-bound nutrients are recycled in situ and contribute to the nutrient island effect that is prevalent in drylands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Wenndt
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Sarah E Evans
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, United States
| | - Anne D van Diepeningen
- B.U. Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - J Robert Logan
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, United States
| | - Peter J Jacobson
- Department of Biology, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA, United States
| | - Mary K Seely
- Desert Research Foundation of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
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11
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Kalu CM, Oduor Ogola HJ, Selvarajan R, Tekere M, Ntushelo K. Fungal and metabolome diversity of the rhizosphere and endosphere of Phragmites australis in an AMD-polluted environment. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06399. [PMID: 33748472 PMCID: PMC7969899 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Symbiotic associations with rhizospheric microbial communities coupled with the production of metabolites are key adaptive mechanisms by metallophytes to overcome metal stress. However, little is known about pseudometallophyte Phragmites australis interactions with fungal community despite commonly being applied in wetland phytoremediation of acid mine drainage (AMD). In this study, fungal community diversity and metabolomes production by rhizosphere and root endosphere of P. australis growing under three different AMD pollution gradient were analyzed. Our results highlight the following: 1) Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were dominant phyla, but the diversity and richness of taxa were lower within AMD sites with Penicillium, Candida, Saccharomycetales, Vishniacozyma, Trichoderma, Didymellaceae, and Cladosporium being enriched in the root endosphere and rhizosphere in AMD sites than non-AMD site; 2) non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) of 73 metabolomes revealed spatially defined metabolite exudation by distinct root parts (rhizosphere vs endosphere) rather than AMD sites, with significant variability occurring within the rhizosphere correlating to pH, TDS, Fe, Cr, Cu and Zn content changes; 3) canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) confirmed specific rhizospheric fungal taxonomic changes are driven by pH, TDS, heavy metals, and stress-related metabolomes produced. This is the first report that gives a snapshot on the complex endophytic and rhizospheric fungal community structure and metabolites perturbations that may be key in the adaptability and metal phytoremediation by P. australis under AMD environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chimdi Mang Kalu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus; Roodepoort, 1709, South Africa
| | - Henry Joseph Oduor Ogola
- Department of Environmental Science, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus; Roodepoort, 1709, South Africa
| | - Ramganesh Selvarajan
- Department of Environmental Science, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus; Roodepoort, 1709, South Africa
| | - Memory Tekere
- Department of Environmental Science, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus; Roodepoort, 1709, South Africa
| | - Khayalethu Ntushelo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus; Roodepoort, 1709, South Africa
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12
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Barberis L, Michalet S, Piola F, Binet P. Root fungal endophytes: identity, phylogeny and roles in plant tolerance to metal stress. Fungal Biol 2020; 125:326-345. [PMID: 33766311 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metal trace elements accumulate in soils mainly because of anthropic activities, leading living organisms to develop strategies to handle metal toxicity. Plants often associate with root endophytic fungi, including nonmycorrhizal fungi, and some of these organisms are associated with metal tolerance. The lack of synthetic analyses of plant-endophyte-metal tripartite systems and the scant consideration for taxonomy led to this review aiming (1) to inventory non-mycorrhizal root fungal endophytes described with respect to their taxonomic diversity and (2) to determine the mutualistic roles of these plant-fungus associations under metal stress. More than 1500 species in 100 orders (mainly Hypocreales and Pleosporales) were reported from a wide variety of environments and hosts. Most reported endophytes had a positive effect on their host under metal stress, but with various effects on metal uptake or translocation and no clear taxonomic consistency. Future research considering the functional patterns and dynamics of these associations is thus encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Barberis
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Serge Michalet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5557 Écologie microbienne, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Florence Piola
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe Binet
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, CNRS-UFC, UMR6249 Chrono-environnement, Montbéliard, France.
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13
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Araújo KS, Brito VN, Veloso TGR, de Leite TS, Alves JL, da Hora Junior BT, Moreno HLA, Pereira OL, Mizubuti ESG, de Queiroz MV. Diversity and distribution of endophytic fungi in different tissues of Hevea brasiliensis native to the Brazilian Amazon forest. Mycol Prog 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-020-01613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Chen QL, Cai L, Wang HC, Cai LT, Goodwin P, Ma J, Wang F, Li Z. Fungal Composition and Diversity of the Tobacco Leaf Phyllosphere During Curing of Leaves. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:554051. [PMID: 33013785 PMCID: PMC7499341 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.554051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizopus oryzae causes tobacco pole rot in China during tobacco flue-curing. Flue-curing is a post-harvest process done to prepare tobacco leaves and involves three different stages: the yellowing stage has the lowest temperatures and highest humidity, then the color-fixing stage has higher temperatures and medium humidity, and finally the stem-drying stage has the highest temperatures and lowest humidity. In this study, fungal culturing and IonS5XL high-throughput sequencing techniques were used to reveal the fungal community of the petioles and lamina of tobacco leaves infected with pole rot during flue-curing. A total of 108 fungal isolates belonging to 6 genera were isolated on media. The most common fungal species isolated was the pathogen, R. oryzae, that was most often found equally on petioles and laminas in the color-fixing stage, followed by saprotrophs, mostly Aspergillus spp. High-throughput sequencing revealed saprotrophs with Alternaria being the most abundant genus, followed by Phoma, Cercospora, and Aspergillus, whereas Rhizopus was the tenth most abundant genus, which was mostly found on petioles at the yellowing stage. Both culturable fungal diversity and fungal sequence diversity was higher at stem-drying stage than the yellowing and color-fixing stages, and diversity was higher with leaf lamina than petioles revealing that the changes in fungal composition and diversity during the curing process were similar with both methods. This study demonstrates that the curing process affects the leaf microbiome of tobacco during the curing process, and future work could examine if any of these saprotrophic fungi detected during the curing of tobacco leaves may be potential biocontrol agents for with pole rot in curing chambers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lin Cai
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Han-Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China
| | - Liu-Ti Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China
| | - Paul Goodwin
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jun Ma
- Qianxinan Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company, Guiyang, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhong Li
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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15
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Yang X, Jin H, Xu L, Cui H, Xin A, Liu H, Qin B. Diversity and Functions of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Roots and Leaves of Stipa purpurea in an Alpine Steppe at Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:1027-1036. [PMID: 32325547 PMCID: PMC9728210 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2002.02056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stipa purpurea is a unique and dominant herbaceous plant species in the alpine steppe and meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). In this work, we analyzed the composition and diversity of the culturable endophytic fungi in S. purpurea according to morphological and molecular identification. Then, we investigated the bioactivities of these fungi against plant pathogenic fungi and 1- aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCD) deaminase activities. A total of 323 fungal isolates were first isolated from S. purpurea, and 33 fungal taxa were identified by internal transcribed spacer primers and grouped into Ascomycota. The diversity of endophytic fungi in S. purpurea was significantly higher in roots as compared to leaves. In addition, more than 40% of the endophytic fungi carried the gene encoding for the ACCD gene. The antibiosis assay demonstrated that 29, 35, 28, 37 and 34 isolates (43.9, 53.1, 42.4, 56.1, and 51.5%) were antagonistic to five plant pathogenic fungi, respectively. Our study provided the first assessment of the diversity of culturedepending endophytic fungi of S. purpurea, demonstrated the potential application of ACCD activity and antifungal activities with potential benefits to the host plant, and contributed to high biomass production and adaptation of S. purpurea to an adverse environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Hui Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China,Corresponding authors H.J. Phone: +86-931-4968372 Fax: +86-931-8277088 E-mail: B.Q. E-mail: bqin@ licp.cas.cn
| | - Lihong Xu
- Qilihe District Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Lanzhou, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Cui
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China,China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, P.R. China
| | - Aiyi Xin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Haoyue Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China,Corresponding authors H.J. Phone: +86-931-4968372 Fax: +86-931-8277088 E-mail: B.Q. E-mail: bqin@ licp.cas.cn
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16
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Zheng Y, Gong X. Niche differentiation rather than biogeography shapes the diversity and composition of microbiome of Cycas panzhihuaensis. MICROBIOME 2019; 7:152. [PMID: 31791400 PMCID: PMC6888988 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0770-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given their adaptation to nutrient-poor and drought environments, cycads are vital models for plant-microbiome interaction research because they are likely to host an important reservoir of beneficial microbes that may support cycad survival. However, a comprehensive understanding of the diversity and community composition of microbiome associated with different plant compartments as well as bulk soils of cycad species remains elusive. METHOD An extensive investigation of species diversity and community composition of bacterial and fungal microbiome in roots, seeds, unfertilized seeds, ovules, pollens, and soils of Cycas panzhihuaensis L. Zhou & S. Y. Yang has been conducted by high-through sequencing technology. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and heatmap analysis were applied to test the niche-specific effect and biogeography factor among different sample types of this cycad species. RESULTS Highly diverse microbiota and significant variation of community structure were found among different compartments of C. panzhihuaensis. Soils exhibited a remarkable differentiation of bacterial community composition compared to the other five plant organs as revealed by PCA, HCA, and heatmap analyses. Different compartments possessed unique core microbial taxa with Pseudomonadaceae and Nectriaceae shared among them. According to the indicator species analysis, there was almost no differentiation of dominant microbiomes with regard to the geography of the host cycad. Two main transmission models existed in the C. panzhihuaensis. CONCLUSIONS Each sample type represented a unique niche and hosted a niche-specific core microbial taxa. Contrary to previous surveys, biogeography hardly exerted impact on microbial community variation in this study. The majority of the cycad-associated microbes were horizontally derived from soils and/or air environments with the rest vertically inherited from maternal plants via seeds. This study offers a robust knowledge of plant-microbiome interaction across various plant compartments and soils and lends guidelines to the investigation of adaptation mechanism of cycads in arid and nutrient-poor environments as well as their evolutionary conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan China
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Gong
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan China
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan China
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17
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Tian X, Wang D, Mao Z, Pan L, Liao J, Cai Z. Infection of Plasmodiophora brassicae changes the fungal endophyte community of tumourous stem mustard roots as revealed by high-throughput sequencing and culture-dependent methods. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214975. [PMID: 31188828 PMCID: PMC6561537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse fungal endophytes live in plants and are shaped by some abiotic and biotic stresses. Plant disease as particular biotic stress possibly gives an impact on the communities of fungal endophytes. In this study, clubroot disease caused by an obligate biotroph protist, Plasmodiophora brassicae, was considered to analyze its influence on the fungal endophyte community using an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) through high-throughput sequencing and culture-dependent methods. The results showed that the diversity of the endophyte community in the healthy roots was much higher than the clubroots. Ascomycota was the dominant group of endophytes (Phoma, Mortierella, Penicillium, etc.) in the healthy roots while P. brassicae was the dominant taxon in the clubroots. Hierarchical clustering, principal component analysis (PCA), principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) indicated significant differences between the endophyte communities in the healthy roots and clubroots. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSe) analysis showed that the dominant genera could be regarded as potential biomarkers. The endophyte community in the healthy roots had a more complex network compared with the clubroots. Also, many plant pathogenic Fusarium were isolated from the clubroots by the culture-dependent method. The outcome of this study illustrates that P. brassicae infection may change the fungal endophyte community associated with the roots of tumourous stem mustard and facilitates the entry of soil pathogen into the roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Tian
- Henan institute of science and technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | | | - Zhenchuan Mao
- Institute of Vegetable and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Pan
- Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Zhaoming Cai
- Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, Chongqing, China
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18
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Sadeghi F, Samsampour D, Seyahooei MA, Bagheri A, Soltani J. Diversity and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Fungal Endophytes Associated with Citrus reticulata cv. Siyahoo. Curr Microbiol 2019; 76:279-289. [PMID: 30689005 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01632-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are characterized as microorganisms found within internal tissues of living plants without any immediate, overtly negative effects. The present study was carried out to isolate, taxonomically characterize and determine the spatiotemporal distribution of endophytic fungi associated with leaf, stem, trunk, and root of mandarin (Citrus reticulata cv. Siyahoo). To do so, the sampling program was done seasonally in four geographically isolated mandarin growing areas of Hormozgan province of Iran, including Siyahoo, Ahmadi, Sikhoran, and Roudan. In total, 702 fungal isolates were obtained from leaf, stem, trunk, and root of healthy mandarin trees divided into 26 distinct morphotypes based on morphological characteristics. The morphotypes were taxonomically characterized through phylogenetic analysis of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS4 rDNA region sequences. Accordingly, 10 different fungal orders from 5 fungal classes were identified, i.e., Saccharomycetes (Saccharomycetales), Eurotiomycetes (Eurotiales), Dothideomycetes (Capnodiales, Pleosporales, Dothideales), and Sordariomycetes (Diaporthales, Hypocreales, Microascales, Togniniales), all from Ascomycota, which represented 97.2% and Ustilaginomycetes (Ustilaginales) from Basidiomycota which represented 2.8% of the isolates. The Aureobasidium pullulans, Penicillium citrinum, and Dothideomycetes sp. were the most frequent isolates. The trunk and leaf showed the highest and lowest total colonization frequency and species richness of endophytic fungi, respectively, in all sampling periods. The results showed that the colonization frequency of endophytes in Hormozgan province was higher in autumn than that in spring, winter, and summer. The trunk showed the maximum diversity of endophytes over all seasons. The Shannon-Wiener (H') and Simpson indices had significant correlation with sampling cites and tissue type and the maximum value of Shannon and Simpson indices (H' = 3.05 and 1 - D = 0.94) was found in the specimens collected from Siyahoo. In conclusion, the three factors (season, location, and tissue type) all in together could determine fungal endophyte composition of C. reticulata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadeghi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Davood Samsampour
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Majeed Askari Seyahooei
- Plant Protection Research Department, Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Abdoolnabi Bagheri
- Plant Protection Research Department, Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Jalal Soltani
- Phytopathology Department, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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19
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Kaliane SA, Vanessa NB, Tomás GRV, Tiago DSL, Olinto LP, Eduardo SGM, Marisa VDQ. Diversity of culturable endophytic fungi of Hevea guianensis: A latex producer native tree from the Brazilian Amazon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5897/ajmr2018.8980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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20
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Kicklighter CE, Duca S, Jozwick AKS, Locke H, Hundley C, Hite B, Hannifin G. Grazer deterrence and fungal inhibition by the invasive marsh grass Phragmites australis and the native sedge Bolboschoenus robustus in a mesohaline marsh. CHEMOECOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-018-0269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Highly diverse endophytes in roots of Cycas bifida (Cycadaceae), an ancient but endangered gymnosperm. J Microbiol 2018; 56:337-345. [PMID: 29721831 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-7438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
As an ancient seed plant, cycads are one of the few gymnosperms that develop a root symbiosis with cyanobacteria, which has allowed cycads to cope with harsh geologic and climatic conditions during the evolutionary process. However, the endophytic microbes in cycad roots remain poorly identified. In this study, using next-generation sequencing techniques, we investigated the microbial diversity and composition of both the coralloid and regular roots of Cycas bifida (Dyer) K.D. Hill. Highly diverse endophytic communities were observed in both the coralloid and regular roots. Of the associated bacteria, the top five families were the Nostocaceae, Sinobacteraceae, Bradyrhizobiaceae, Bacillaceae, and Hyphomicrobiaceae. The Nectriaceae, Trichocomaceae, and Incertae sedis were the predominant fungal families in all root samples. A significant difference in the endophytic bacterial community was detected between coralloid roots and regular roots, but no difference was observed between the fungal communities in the two root types. Cyanobacteria were more dominant in coralloid roots than in regular roots. The divergence of cycad root structures and the modified physiological processes may have contributed to the abundance of cyanobionts in coralloid roots. Consequently, the colonization of cyanobacteria inhibits the assemblage of other endophytes. Our results contribute to an understanding of the species diversity and composition of the cycad-endophyte microbiome and provide an abbreviated list of potential ecological roles of the core microbes present.
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22
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Crocker EV, Nelson EB, Blossey B. Soil conditioning effects of Phragmites australis on native wetland plant seedling survival. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:5571-5579. [PMID: 28808539 PMCID: PMC5551089 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between introduced plants and soils they colonize are central to invasive species success in many systems. Belowground biotic and abiotic changes can influence the success of introduced species as well as their native competitors. All plants alter soil properties after colonization but, in the case of many invasive plant species, it is unclear whether the strength and direction of these soil conditioning effects are due to plant traits, plant origin, or local population characteristics and site conditions in the invaded range. Phragmites australis in North America exists as a mix of populations of different evolutionary origin. Populations of endemic native Phragmites australis americanus are declining, while introduced European populations are important wetland invaders. We assessed soil conditioning effects of native and non-native P. australis populations on early and late seedling survival of native and introduced wetland plants. We further used a soil biocide treatment to assess the role of soil fungi on seedling survival. Survival of seedlings in soils colonized by P. australis was either unaffected or negatively affected; no species showed improved survival in P. australis-conditioned soils. Population of P. australis was a significant factor explaining the response of seedlings, but origin (native or non-native) was not a significant factor. Synthesis: Our results highlight the importance of phylogenetic control when assessing impacts of invasive species to avoid conflating general plant traits with mechanisms of invasive success. Both native (noninvasive) and non-native (invasive) P. australis populations reduced seedling survival of competing plant species. Because soil legacy effects of native and non-native P. australis are similar, this study suggests that the close phylogenetic relationship between the two populations, and not the invasive status of introduced P. australis, is more relevant to their soil-mediated impact on other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric B. Nelson
- Department of Plant PathologyCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Bernd Blossey
- Department of Natural ResourcesCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
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Yao YQ, Lan F, Qiao YM, Wei JG, Huang RS, Li LB. Endophytic fungi harbored in the root of Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep: Diversity and biocontrol potential against phytopathogens. Microbiologyopen 2017; 6:e00437. [PMID: 28299913 PMCID: PMC5458465 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This work, for the first time, investigated the diversity of endophytic fungi harbored in the xylem and phloem of the root of Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep from three geographic localities with emphasis on the influence of the tissue type and geographic locality on endophytic fungal communities and their potential as biocontrol agents against phytopathogens of Panax notoginseng. A total of 655 fungal strains representing 47 taxa were isolated. Forty-two taxa (89.4%) were identified but not five taxa (10.6%) according to morphology and molecular phylogenetics. Out of identifiable taxa, the majority of endophyte taxa were Ascomycota (76.6%), followed by Basidiomycota (8.5%) and Zygomycota (4.3%). The alpha-diversity indices indicated that the species diversity of endophytic fungal community harbored in the root of S. tonkinensis was very high. The colonization and species diversity of endophytic fungal communities were significantly influenced by the geographic locality but not tissue type. The geographic locality and tissue type had great effects on the species composition of endophytic fungal communities. Forty-seven respective strains were challenged by three fungal phytopathogens of P. notoginseng and six strains exhibited significant inhibitory activity. It was noteworthy that endophytic Rhexocercosporidium sp. and F. solani strongly inhibited pathogenic F. solani and other fungal phytopathogens of P. notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qun Yao
- College of AgricultureGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
- School of MedicineGuangxi University of Science and TechnologyLiuzhouChina
| | - Fang Lan
- College of AgricultureGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Yun Ming Qiao
- College of AgricultureGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Ji Guang Wei
- College of AgricultureGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | | | - Liang Bo Li
- College of AgricultureGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
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Characterisation of above-ground endophytic and soil fungal communities associated with dieback-affected and healthy plants in five exotic invasive species. FUNGAL ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Mohamed Mahmoud F, Krimi Z, Maciá-Vicente JG, Brahim Errahmani M, Lopez-Llorca LV. Endophytic fungi associated with roots of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) in coastal dunes. Rev Iberoam Micol 2017; 34:116-120. [PMID: 28254367 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symbiotic interactions with fungal endophytes are argued to be responsible for the tolerance of plants to some stresses and for their adaptation to natural conditions. AIMS In this study we aimed to examine the endophytic fungal diversity associated with roots of date palms growing in coastal dune systems, and to screen this collection of endophytes for potential use as biocontrol agents, for antagonistic activity and mycoparasitism, and as producers of antifungal compounds with potential efficacy against root diseases of date palm. METHODS Roots of nine individual date palms growing in three coastal locations in the South-East of Spain (Guardamar, El Carabassí, and San Juan) were selected to isolate endophytic fungi. Isolates were identified on the basis of morphological and/or molecular characters. RESULTS Five hundred and fifty two endophytic fungi were isolated and assigned to thirty morphological taxa or molecular operational taxonomic units. Most isolates belonged to Ascomycota, and the dominant order was Hypocreales. Fusarium and Clonostachys were the most frequently isolated genera and were present at all sampling sites. Comparisons of the endophytic diversity with previous studies, and their importance in the management of the date palm crops are discussed. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study on the diversity of endophytic fungi associated with roots of date palm. The isolates obtained might constitute a source of biological control agents and biofertilizers for use in crops of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadila Mohamed Mahmoud
- Department of Botany, National Superior School of Agronomy, Algiers, Algeria; Department of Biology and Cell Physiology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Blida 1 University, BP 270, Blida, Algeria; Laboratory of Protection and Enhancement of Agrobiological Resources, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Blida 1 University, Blida, Algeria.
| | - Zoulikha Krimi
- Laboratory of Protection and Enhancement of Agrobiological Resources, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Blida 1 University, Blida, Algeria; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Blida 1 University, Algeria
| | - Jose G Maciá-Vicente
- Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Luis V Lopez-Llorca
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies (MIES) Ramon Margalef, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Septiana E, Sukarno N, Sukarno, Simanjuntak P. Endophytic Fungi Associated With Turmeric ( Curcuma longa L.) Can Inhibit Histamine-Forming Bacteria in Fish. HAYATI JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hjb.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Wurzbacher C, Warthmann N, Bourne E, Attermeyer K, Allgaier M, Powell JR, Detering H, Mbedi S, Grossart HP, Monaghan M. High habitat-specificity in fungal communities in oligo-mesotrophic, temperate Lake Stechlin (North-East Germany). MycoKeys 2016. [DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.16.9646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Soares MA, Li HY, Kowalski KP, Bergen M, Torres MS, White JF. Functional Role of Bacteria from Invasive Phragmites australis in Promotion of Host Growth. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2016; 72:407-417. [PMID: 27260154 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesize that bacterial endophytes may enhance the competitiveness and invasiveness of Phragmites australis. To evaluate this hypothesis, endophytic bacteria were isolated from P. australis. The majority of the shoot meristem isolates represent species from phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. We chose one species from each phylum to characterize further and to conduct growth promotion experiments in Phragmites. Bacteria tested include Bacillus amyloliquefaciens A9a, Achromobacter spanius B1, and Microbacterium oxydans B2. Isolates were characterized for known growth promotional traits, including indole acetic acid (IAA) production, secretion of hydrolytic enzymes, phosphate solubilization, and antibiosis activity. Potentially defensive antimicrobial lipopeptides were assayed for through application of co-culturing experiments and mass spectrometer analysis. B. amyloliquefaciens A9a and M. oxydans B2 produced IAA. B. amyloliquefaciens A9a secreted antifungal lipopeptides. Capability to promote growth of P. australis under low nitrogen conditions was evaluated in greenhouse experiments. All three isolates were found to increase the growth of P. australis under low soil nitrogen conditions and showed increased absorption of isotopic nitrogen into plants. This suggests that the Phragmites microbes we evaluated most likely promote growth of Phragmites by enhanced scavenging of nitrogenous compounds from the rhizosphere and transfer to host roots. Collectively, our results support the hypothesis that endophytic bacteria play a role in enhancing growth of P. australis in natural populations. Gaining a better understanding of the precise contributions and mechanisms of endophytes in enabling P. australis to develop high densities rapidly could lead to new symbiosis-based strategies for management and control of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Soares
- Department of Botany and Ecology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, 78060-900, Brazil.
| | - H-Y Li
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - K P Kowalski
- US Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M Bergen
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-8520, USA
| | - M S Torres
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-8520, USA
| | - J F White
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-8520, USA
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Evaluation of the functional roles of fungal endophytes of Phragmites australis from high saline and low saline habitats. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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30
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Kowalski KP, Bacon C, Bickford W, Braun H, Clay K, Leduc-Lapierre M, Lillard E, McCormick MK, Nelson E, Torres M, White J, Wilcox DA. Advancing the science of microbial symbiosis to support invasive species management: a case study on Phragmites in the Great Lakes. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:95. [PMID: 25745417 PMCID: PMC4333861 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of literature supports microbial symbiosis as a foundational principle for the competitive success of invasive plant species. Further exploration of the relationships between invasive species and their associated microbiomes, as well as the interactions with the microbiomes of native species, can lead to key new insights into invasive success and potentially new and effective control approaches. In this manuscript, we review microbial relationships with plants, outline steps necessary to develop invasive species control strategies that are based on those relationships, and use the invasive plant species Phragmites australis (common reed) as an example of how development of microbial-based control strategies can be enhanced using a collective impact approach. The proposed science agenda, developed by the Collaborative for Microbial Symbiosis and Phragmites Management, contains a foundation of sequential steps and mutually-reinforcing tasks to guide the development of microbial-based control strategies for Phragmites and other invasive species. Just as the science of plant-microbial symbiosis can be transferred for use in other invasive species, so too can the model of collective impact be applied to other avenues of research and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt P. Kowalski
- U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science CenterAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Charles Bacon
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceAthens, GA, USA
| | - Wesley Bickford
- U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science CenterAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Keith Clay
- Department of Biology, Indiana UniversityBloomington, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eric Nelson
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
| | - Monica Torres
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers UniversityNew Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - James White
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers UniversityNew Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Douglas A. Wilcox
- Department of Environmental Science and Biology, The College at Brockport, State University of New YorkBrockport, NY, USA
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Stodůlková E, Man P, Kuzma M, Černý J, Císařová I, Kubátová A, Chudíčková M, Kolařík M, Flieger M. A highly diverse spectrum of naphthoquinone derivatives produced by the endophytic fungus Biatriospora sp. CCF 4378. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2014; 60:259-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-014-0366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gigante D, Angiolini C, Landucci F, Maneli F, Nisi B, Vaselli O, Venanzoni R, Lastrucci L. New occurrence of reed bed decline in southern Europe: do permanent flooding and chemical parameters play a role? C R Biol 2014; 337:487-98. [PMID: 25103835 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Based on the experimental design proposed in similar studies, macromorphological and ecological traits of common reed beds were analysed at Lake Chiusi (Central Italy), together with selected chemical parameters in sediments and interstitial waters and aerial images of the site, in order to investigate reed decline and search for possible correlations among data. Typical symptoms of the reed dieback syndrome were detected, thus enlarging the occurrence of this phenomenon in southern Europe. Permanently dry, permanently flooded and partially flooded stands show different levels of decline, with the permanent flooding always co-occurring with reed dieback. Only few of the considered chemical parameters seem to play a role in reed decline (nitrates, rubidium, nickel, barium, manganese), although no clear pattern was identified. Data suggest that the co-occurrence of some chemicals with stressing conditions might affect the growth even of an efficient metal accumulator, as reed is generally considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gigante
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | | | - Flavia Landucci
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Fabio Maneli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara Nisi
- CNR-IGG Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, Pisa, Italy
| | - Orlando Vaselli
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Venanzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Saucedo-García A, Anaya AL, Espinosa-García FJ, González MC. Diversity and communities of foliar endophytic fungi from different agroecosystems of Coffea arabica L. in two regions of Veracruz, Mexico. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98454. [PMID: 24887512 PMCID: PMC4041768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, the biodiversity associated with shaded coffee plantations and the role of diverse agroforestry types in biodiversity conservation and environmental services have been topics of debate. Endophytic fungi, which are microorganisms that inhabit plant tissues in an asymptomatic manner, form a part of the biodiversity associated with coffee plants. Studies on the endophytic fungi communities of cultivable host plants have shown variability among farming regions; however, the variability in fungal endophytic communities of coffee plants among different coffee agroforestry systems is still poorly understood. As such, we analyzed the diversity and communities of foliar endophytic fungi inhabiting Coffea arabica plants growing in the rustic plantations and simple polycultures of two regions in the center of Veracruz, Mexico. The endophytic fungi isolates were identified by their morphological traits, and the majority of identified species correspond to species of fungi previously reported as endophytes of coffee leaves. We analyzed and compared the colonization rates, diversity, and communities of endophytes found in the different agroforestry systems and in the different regions. Although the endophytic diversity was not fully recovered, we found differences in the abundance and diversity of endophytes among the coffee regions and differences in richness between the two different agroforestry systems of each region. No consistent pattern of community similarity was found between the coffee agroforestry systems, but we found that rustic plantations shared the highest number of morphospecies. The results suggest that endophyte abundance, richness, diversity, and communities may be influenced predominantly by coffee region, and to a lesser extent, by the agroforestry system. Our results contribute to the knowledge of the relationships between agroforestry systems and biodiversity conservation and provide information regarding some endophytic fungi and their communities as potential management tools against coffee plant pests and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Saucedo-García
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Ana Luisa Anaya
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Francisco J. Espinosa-García
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - María C. González
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
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Jin H, Yan Z, Liu Q, Yang X, Chen J, Qin B. Diversity and dynamics of fungal endophytes in leaves, stems and roots of Stellera chamaejasme L. in northwestern China. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2013; 104:949-63. [PMID: 23982430 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-013-0014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore fungal endophyte communities inhabiting a toxic weed (Stellera chamaejasme L.) from meadows of northwestern China. The effects of plant tissue and growth stage on endophyte assemblages were characterized. Endophytes were recovered from 50 % of the samples, with a total of 714 isolates. 41 operational taxonomical units (OTUs) were identified, consisting of 40 OTUs belonging primarily to Ascomycota and 1 OTU belonging to Basidiomycota. Pleosporales and Hypocreales were the orders contributing the most species to the endophytic assemblages. The total colonization frequency and species richness of endophytic fungi were higher in roots than in leaves and stems. In addition, for the plant tissues, the structure of fungal communities differed significantly by growth stages of leaf emergence and dormancy; for the plant growth stages, the structure of fungal communities differed significantly by plant tissues. This study demonstrates that S. chamaejasme serves as a reservoir for a wide variety of fungal endophytes that can be isolated from various plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Ebead GA, Overy DP, Berrué F, Kerr RG. Westerdykella reniformis sp. nov., producing the antibiotic metabolites melinacidin IV and chetracin B. IMA Fungus 2012; 3:189-201. [PMID: 23355972 PMCID: PMC3539322 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2012.03.02.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Westerdykella reniformis Ebead & Overy sp. nov. is described based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses using ITS, nLSU rDNA, and β-tubulin gene sequences. Westerdykella reniformis is characterized by the production of cleistothecioid ascomata, containing small globose to subglobose asci with 32, aseptate, dark colored, pronouncedly reniform ascospores having a concave central groove. The isolate was obtained from a red alga (Polysiphonia sp.) collected from the tidal zone in Canada at low tide. Organic extracts enriched in extrolites, obtained from fermentation on a rice-based media, inhibited the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE), S. warneri, and Proteus vulgaris. Presented here is the identification of the compounds responsible for the observed antimicrobial activity, the taxonomic description of W. reniformis, and a dichotomous key to the known species of Westerdykella based on macro- and micromorphological characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada A Ebead
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave., Charlottetown, PEI, Canada, C1A 4P3
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