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Komagata Y, Fukasawa Y, Matsuura K. Low temperature enhances the ability of the termite-egg-mimicking fungus Athelia termitophila to compete against wood-decaying fungi. FUNGAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2022.101178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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2
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Malik RJ, Bruns MAV, Bell TH, Eissenstat DM. Phylogenetic Signal, Root Morphology, Mycorrhizal Type, and Macroinvertebrate Exclusion: Exploring Wood Decomposition in Soils Conditioned by 13 Temperate Tree Species. FORESTS 2022; 13:536. [PMID: 36936196 PMCID: PMC10022739 DOI: 10.3390/f13040536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Woodlands are pivotal to carbon stocks, but the process of cycling C is slow and may be most effective in the biodiverse root zone. How the root zone impacts plants has been widely examined over the past few decades, but the role of the root zone in decomposition is understudied. Here, we examined how mycorrhizal association and macroinvertebrate activity influences wood decomposition across diverse tree species. Within the root zone of six predominantly arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) (Acer negundo, Acer saccharum, Prunus serotina, Juglans nigra, Sassafras albidum, and Liriodendron tulipfera) and seven predominantly ectomycorrhizal (EM) tree species (Carya glabra, Quercus alba, Quercus rubra, Betula alleghaniensis, Picea rubens, Pinus virginiana, and Pinus strobus), woody litter was buried for 13 months. Macroinvertebrate access to woody substrate was either prevented or not using 0.22 mm mesh in a common garden site in central Pennsylvania. Decomposition was assessed as proportionate mass loss, as explained by root diameter, phylogenetic signal, mycorrhizal type, canopy tree trait, or macroinvertebrate exclusion. Macroinvertebrate exclusion significantly increased wood decomposition by 5.9%, while mycorrhizal type did not affect wood decomposition, nor did canopy traits (i.e., broad leaves versus pine needles). Interestingly, there was a phylogenetic signal for wood decomposition. Local indicators for phylogenetic associations (LIPA) determined high values of sensitivity value in Pinus and Picea genera, while Carya, Juglans, Betula, and Prunus yielded low values of sensitivity. Phylogenetic signals went undetected for tree root morphology. Despite this, roots greater than 0.35 mm significantly increased woody litter decomposition by 8%. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest trees with larger root diameters can accelerate C cycling, as can trees associated with certain phylogenetic clades. In addition, root zone macroinvertebrates can potentially limit woody C cycling, while mycorrhizal type does not play a significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rondy J. Malik
- Kansas Biological Survey, The University of Kansas, 2101 Constant Ave, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Mary Ann V. Bruns
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Terrence H. Bell
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - David M. Eissenstat
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Haq IU, Hillmann B, Moran M, Willard S, Knights D, Fixen KR, Schilling JS. Bacterial communities associated with wood rot fungi that use distinct decomposition mechanisms. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:26. [PMID: 37938255 PMCID: PMC9723729 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Wood decomposer fungi are grouped by how they extract sugars from lignocellulose. Brown rot fungi selectively degrade cellulose and hemicellulose, leaving lignin intact, and white rot fungi degrade all components. Many trees are susceptible to both rot types, giving carbon in Earth's woody biomass, specifically lignin, a flexible fate that is affected not only by the fungal decomposition mechanism but also the associated microbial community. However, little is understood about how rot type may influence the microbial community in decaying wood. In this study, we quantified bacterial communities associated with Fomes fomentarius (white rot) and Fomitopsis betulina (brown rot) found on a shared tree host species, birch (Betula papyrifera). We collected 25 wood samples beneath sporocarps of F. fomentarius (n = 13) and F. betulina (n = 12) on standing dead trees, and coupled microbial DNA sequencing with chemical signatures of rot type (pH and lignin removal). We found that bacterial communities for both fungi were dominated by Proteobacteria, a commonly reported association. However, rot type exerted significant influence on less abundant taxa in ways that align logically with fungal traits. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were enriched in Firmicutes in white-rotted wood, and were enriched in Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria in lower pH brown rot. Our results suggest that wood decomposer strategies may exert significant selection effects on bacteria, or vice versa, among less-abundant taxa that have been overlooked when using abundance as the only measure of influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ul Haq
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Benjamin Hillmann
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Molly Moran
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Samuel Willard
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dan Knights
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kathryn R Fixen
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jonathan S Schilling
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Takahashi K, Fukasawa Y. Association between corticolous myxomycetes and tree vitality in Cryptomeria japonica. MYCOSCIENCE 2022; 63:45-52. [PMID: 37092009 PMCID: PMC9999084 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The bark of live trees provides an important microhabitat for corticolous myxomycetes. However, the association between the presence of myxomycetes and health of host trees has not been studied in detail. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between tree vitality and myxomycetes on the bark of Cryptomeria japonica trees in a montane forest in western Japan. The vitality of trees was categorized into four grades based on the visual assessment of tree shape and leaf density in the upper branches. Myxomycetes on the bark surface were examined using the moist chamber culture method. A decline in tree vitality increased bark pH and decreased electrical conductivity of the bark exudates. Seventeen myxomycete species were recorded in 74 C. japonica trees. The structure of myxomycete communities varied between healthy and unhealthy trees, and species diversity increased as the vitality declined. The relative abundance of Cribraria confusa decreased as the vitality declined, while that of Paradiacheopsis solitaria increased. The results showed that acidophilic myxomycetes grew on healthy C. japonica bark, but changes in bark pH associated with vitality decline led to the weakening of acidity and shifted the community structure; thus, corticolous myxomycete diversity was enhanced as tree vitality decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Fukasawa
- Laboratory of Forest Ecology, Graduate School of Agriculture Science, Tohoku University
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Korhonen A, Miettinen O, Kotze JD, Hamberg L. Landscape context and substrate characteristics shape fungal communities of dead spruce in urban and semi-natural forests. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:3451-3462. [PMID: 35048489 PMCID: PMC9543266 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Urban green areas are becoming increasingly recognized for their biodiversity potential. However, little is known about how urbanization shapes cryptic species communities, such as those residing in deadwood. In this study, we investigated downed Norway spruce trunks at intermediate stages of decay, in urban and semi‐natural forests in southern Finland. To understand the interconnections between landscape context, deadwood characteristics and wood‐inhabiting fungal communities, we studied structural characteristics, surface epiphyte cover and internal moisture and temperature conditions of the tree trunks, and fungal communities residing in the wood. Our findings showed that urban tree trunks had less epiphyte cover and lower moisture than trunks in semi‐natural forests. Overall, urban forests provide less favourable habitats for a majority of the dominant wood‐inhabiting fungal species and for red‐listed species as a group. Yet, 33% of urban trunks hosted at least one red‐listed species. While these landscape‐scale effects may be driven by local climatic conditions as well as contingencies related to available species pools, our results also highlight the significance of substrate‐scale variability of deadwood in shaping wood‐inhabiting fungal communities. We show that epiphyte cover is a significant driver or indicator of these small‐scale dynamic processes in deadwood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Otto Miettinen
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki
| | - Johan D Kotze
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki
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Fukasawa Y. Ecological impacts of fungal wood decay types: A review of current knowledge and future research directions. Ecol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fukasawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Osaki Miyagi Japan
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7
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Decay stages of wood and associated fungal communities characterise diversity-decomposition relationships. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8972. [PMID: 33903719 PMCID: PMC8076174 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88580-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The biodiversity–ecosystem function relationship is a central topic in ecology. Fungi are the dominant decomposers of organic plant material in terrestrial ecosystems and display tremendous species diversity. However, little is known about the fungal diversity–decomposition relationship. We evaluated fungal community assemblies and substrate quality in different stages of wood decay to assess the relationships between fungal species richness and weight loss of wood substrate under laboratory conditions. Wood-inhabiting fungal communities in the early and late stages of pine log decomposition were used as a model. Colonisation with certain species prior to inoculation with other species resulted in four-fold differences in fungal species richness and up to tenfold differences in the rate of wood substrate decomposition in both early- and late-decaying fungal communities. Differences in wood substrate quality had a significant impact on species richness and weight loss of wood and the relationships between the two, which were negative or neutral. Late communities showed significantly negative species richness–decay relationships in wood at all decay stages, whereas negative relationships in early communities were significant only in the intermediate decay stage. Our results suggest that changes in fungal communities and wood quality during wood decomposition affect the fungal diversity–decomposition relationship.
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Harakon Y, Takahashi K. Association between myxomycetes and the decay stage of coarse woody debris in an evergreen broadleaf forest in warm temperate Japan. MYCOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fukasawa Y, Ando Y, Oishi Y, Matsukura K, Okano K, Song Z, Sakuma D. Effects of forest dieback on wood decay, saproxylic communities, and spruce seedling regeneration on coarse woody debris. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Chang C, Wu F, Wang Z, Tan B, Cao R, Yang W, Cornelissen JHC. Effects of Epixylic Vegetation Removal on the Dynamics of the Microbial Community Composition in Decaying Logs in an Alpine Forest. Ecosystems 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-019-00351-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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11
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Myxomycete diversity and ecology in the Baotianman National Nature Reserve, a subtropical mountain forest in central China. FUNGAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Fukasawa Y. Temperature effects on hyphal growth of wood-decay basidiomycetes isolated from Pinus densiflora deadwood. MYCOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Bai Z, Ma Q, Dai Y, Yuan H, Ye J, Yu W. Spatial Heterogeneity of SOM Concentrations Associated with White-rot Versus Brown-rot Wood Decay. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13758. [PMID: 29062128 PMCID: PMC5653805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
White- and brown-rot fungal decay via distinct pathways imparts characteristic molecular imprints on decomposing wood. However, the effect that a specific wood-rotting type of fungus has on proximal soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation remains unexplored. We investigated the potential influence of white- and brown-rot fungi-decayed Abies nephrolepis logs on forest SOM stocks (i.e., soil total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N)) and the concentrations of amino sugars (microbial necromass) at different depths and horizontal distances from decaying woody debris. The brown-rot fungal wood decay resulted in higher concentrations of soil C and N and a greater increase in microbial necromass (i.e., 1.3- to 1.7-fold greater) than the white-rot fungal wood decay. The white-rot sets were accompanied by significant differences in the proportions of the bacterial residue index (muramic acid%) with soil depth; however, the brown-rot-associated soils showed complementary shifts, primarily in fungal necromass, across horizontal distances. Soil C and N concentrations were significantly correlated with fungal rather than bacterial necromass in the brown-rot systems. Our findings confirmed that the brown-rot fungi-dominated degradation of lignocellulosic residues resulted in a greater SOM buildup than the white-rot fungi-dominated degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Bai
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Yucheng Dai
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Haisheng Yuan
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ji Ye
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wantai Yu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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14
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15
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Ando Y, Fukasawa Y, Oishi Y. Interactive effects of wood decomposer fungal activities and bryophytes on spruce seedling regeneration on coarse woody debris. Ecol Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-016-1427-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Effects of Stand Origin and Near-Natural Restoration on the Stock and Structural Composition of Fallen Trees in Mid-Subtropical Forests. FORESTS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/f6124380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Xavier de Lima V, de Holanda Cavalcanti L. Ecology of lignicolous myxomycetes in Brazilian Atlantic rain forest. Mycol Prog 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-015-1115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Yamashita S, Masuya H, Abe S, Masaki T, Okabe K. Relationship between the decomposition process of coarse woody debris and fungal community structure as detected by high-throughput sequencing in a deciduous broad-leaved forest in Japan. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131510. [PMID: 26110605 PMCID: PMC4481346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the relationship between the community structure of wood-decaying fungi, detected by high-throughput sequencing, and the decomposition rate using 13 years of data from a forest dynamics plot. For molecular analysis and wood density measurements, drill dust samples were collected from logs and stumps of Fagus and Quercus in the plot. Regression using a negative exponential model between wood density and time since death revealed that the decomposition rate of Fagus was greater than that of Quercus. The residual between the expected value obtained from the regression curve and the observed wood density was used as a decomposition rate index. Principal component analysis showed that the fungal community compositions of both Fagus and Quercus changed with time since death. Principal component analysis axis scores were used as an index of fungal community composition. A structural equation model for each wood genus was used to assess the effect of fungal community structure traits on the decomposition rate and how the fungal community structure was determined by the traits of coarse woody debris. Results of the structural equation model suggested that the decomposition rate of Fagus was affected by two fungal community composition components: one that was affected by time since death and another that was not affected by the traits of coarse woody debris. In contrast, the decomposition rate of Quercus was not affected by coarse woody debris traits or fungal community structure. These findings suggest that, in the case of Fagus coarse woody debris, the fungal community structure is related to the decomposition process of its host substrate. Because fungal community structure is affected partly by the decay stage and wood density of its substrate, these factors influence each other. Further research on interactive effects is needed to improve our understanding of the relationship between fungal community structure and the woody debris decomposition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamashita
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hayato Masuya
- Tohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Shin Abe
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Masaki
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kimiko Okabe
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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