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Fernández N, Fontenla S, Fioroni F, Soto-Mancilla M, Carron A, Moguilevsky D, Marchelli P, Marín C, Mestre MC. Mycorrhizas in Nothofagus From South America: What Do We Know From Nursery and Field Experiences? Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12994-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Caiafa MV, Jusino MA, Wilkie AC, Díaz IA, Sieving KE, Smith ME. Discovering the role of Patagonian birds in the dispersal of truffles and other mycorrhizal fungi. Curr Biol 2021; 31:5558-5570.e3. [PMID: 34715015 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dispersal is a key process that impacts population dynamics and structures biotic communities. Dispersal limitation influences the assembly of plant and microbial communities, including mycorrhizal fungi and their plant hosts. Mycorrhizal fungi play key ecological roles in forests by feeding nutrients to plants in exchange for sugars, so the dispersal of mycorrhizal fungi spores actively shapes plant communities. Although many fungi rely on wind for spore dispersal, some fungi have lost the ability to shoot their spores into the air and instead produce enclosed belowground fruiting bodies (truffles) that rely on animals for dispersal. The role of mammals in fungal spore dispersal is well documented, but the relevance of birds as dispersal agents of fungi has been understudied, despite the prominence of birds as seed dispersal vectors. Here, we use metagenomics and epifluorescence microscopy to demonstrate that two common, widespread, and endemic Patagonian birds, chucao tapaculos (Scelorchilus rubecula) and black-throated huet-huets (Pteroptochos tarnii), regularly consume mycorrhizal fungi and disperse viable spores via mycophagy. Our metagenomic analysis indicates that these birds routinely consume diverse mycorrhizal fungi, including many truffles, that are symbiotically associated with Nothofagaceae trees that dominate Patagonian forests. Epifluorescence microscopy of fecal samples confirmed that the birds dispersed copious viable spores from truffles and other mycorrhizal fungi. We show that fungi are a common food for both bird species and that this animal-fungi symbiosis is widespread and ecologically important in Patagonia. Our findings indicate that birds may also act as cryptic but critical fungal dispersal agents in other ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos V Caiafa
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Michelle A Jusino
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Center for Forest Mycology Research, USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Ann C Wilkie
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Iván A Díaz
- Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Kathryn E Sieving
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Matthew E Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Hewitt RE, Taylor DL, Hollingsworth TN, Anderson CB, Martínez Pastur G. Variable retention harvesting influences belowground plant-fungal interactions of Nothofagus pumilio seedlings in forests of southern Patagonia. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5008. [PMID: 30002952 PMCID: PMC6037133 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The post-harvest recovery and sustained productivity of Nothofagus pumilio forests in Tierra del Fuego may be affected by the abundance and composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF). Timber harvesting alters EMF community structure in many managed forests, but the impacts of harvesting can vary with the management strategy. The implementation of variable retention (VR) management can maintain, increase, or decrease the diversity of many species, but the effects of VR on EMF in the forests of southern Patagonia have not been studied, nor has the role of EMF in the regeneration process of these forests. METHODS We evaluated the effects of VR management on the EMF community associated with N. pumilio seedlings. We quantified the abundance, composition, and diversity of EMF across aggregate (AR) and dispersed (DR) retention sites within VR managed areas, and compared them to primary forest (PF) unmanaged stands. EMF assemblage and taxonomic identities were determined by ITS-rDNA sequencing of individual root tips sampled from 280 seedlings across three landscape replicates. To better understand seedling performance, we tested the relationships between EMF colonization, EMF taxonomic composition, seedling biomass, and VR treatment. RESULTS The majority of EMF taxa were Basidiomycota belonging to the families Cortinariaceae (n = 29), Inocybaceae (n = 16), and Thelephoraceae (n = 8), which was in agreement with other studies of EMF diversity in Nothofagus forests. EMF richness and colonization was reduced in DR compared to AR and PF. Furthermore, EMF community composition was similar between AR and PF, but differed from the composition in DR. EMF community composition was correlated with seedling biomass and soil moisture. The presence of Peziza depressa was associated with higher seedling biomass and greater soil moisture, while Inocybe fibrillosibrunnea and Cortinarius amoenus were associated with reduced seedling biomass and lower soil moisture. Seedling biomass was more strongly related to retention type than EMF colonization, richness, or composition. DISCUSSION Our results demonstrate reduced EMF attributes and altered composition in VR treatments relative to PF stands, with stronger impacts in DR compared to AR. This suggests that VR has the potential to improve the conservation status of managed stands by supporting native EMF in AR. Our results also demonstrate the complex linkages between retention treatments, fungal community composition, and tree growth at individual and stand scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. Hewitt
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States of America
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska—Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States of America
| | - Donald Lee Taylor
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska—Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Teresa N. Hollingsworth
- Pacific Northwest Research Station, Boreal Ecology Cooperative Research Unit, US Forest Service, Fairbanks, AK, United States of America
| | - Christopher B. Anderson
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (ICPA), Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego (UNTDF), Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Martínez Pastur
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
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Truong C, Mujic AB, Healy R, Kuhar F, Furci G, Torres D, Niskanen T, Sandoval-Leiva PA, Fernández N, Escobar JM, Moretto A, Palfner G, Pfister D, Nouhra E, Swenie R, Sánchez-García M, Matheny PB, Smith ME. How to know the fungi: combining field inventories and DNA-barcoding to document fungal diversity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:913-919. [PMID: 28272801 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Truong
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, PO Box 110680, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Alija B Mujic
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, PO Box 110680, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Rosanne Healy
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, PO Box 110680, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Francisco Kuhar
- Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico (CONICET), Ruta 259, Km 4, Esquel, 9200, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Giuliana Furci
- Fundación Fungi, José Zapiola 8240 E, La Reina, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Torres
- Fundación Fungi, José Zapiola 8240 E, La Reina, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tuula Niskanen
- The Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK
| | | | - Natalia Fernández
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Biotecnología (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Comahue, IPATEC, Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche, 8400, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Julio M Escobar
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, Ushuaia, 9410, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
| | - Alicia Moretto
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, Ushuaia, 9410, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Onas 450, Ushuaia, 9410, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
| | - Götz Palfner
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Donald Pfister
- Farlow Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Eduardo Nouhra
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET), FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de correo 495, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
| | - Rachel Swenie
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 334 Hesler Biology Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Marisol Sánchez-García
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 334 Hesler Biology Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - P Brandon Matheny
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 334 Hesler Biology Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Matthew E Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, PO Box 110680, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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