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Dos Santos VL, Silva UC, Santos EH, Resende AA, Dias MF, Cuadros-Orellana S, Marques AR. Exploring the mycobiota of bromeliads phytotelmata in Brazilian Campos Rupestres. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1885-1897. [PMID: 37322328 PMCID: PMC10485200 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00977-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The phytotelmata is a water-filled tank on a terrestrial plant, and it plays an important role in bromeliad growth and ecosystem functioning. Even though previous studies have contributed to elucidate the composition of the prokaryotic component of this aquatic ecosystem, its mycobiota (fungal community) is still poorly known. In the present work, ITS2 amplicon deep sequencing was used to examine the fungal communities inhabiting the phytotelmata of two bromeliads species that coexist in a sun-exposed rupestrian field of Southeastern Brazil, namely Aechmea nudicaulis (AN) and Vriesea minarum (VM). Ascomycota was the most abundant phylum in both bromeliads (57.1 and 89.1% in AN and VM respectively, on average), while the others were present in low abundance (< 2%). Mortierellomycota and Glomeromycota were exclusively observed in AN. Beta-diversity analysis showed that samples from each bromeliad significantly clustered together. In conclusion, despite the considerable within-group variation, the results suggested that each bromeliad harbor a distinct fungi community, what could be associated with the physicochemical characteristics of the phytotelmata (mainly total nitrogen, total organic carbon, and total carbon) and plant morphological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Lúcia Dos Santos
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Ubiana Cássia Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Horta Santos
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Abrão Resende
- Expertise Center Botany and Biodiversity, Museu de História Natural e Jardim Botânico, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31080-010, Brazil
| | - Marcela França Dias
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Sara Cuadros-Orellana
- Universidad Católica del Maule, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, 3480112, Talca, Chile
| | - Andréa Rodrigues Marques
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais - CEFET/MG, Av. Amazonas, 5253, Nova Suíça, 30.421-169, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30421-169, Brazil
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2
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Dejean A, Azémar F, Naskrecki P, Tindo M, Rossi V, Faucher C, Gryta H. Mutualistic interactions between ants and fungi: A review. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10386. [PMID: 37529578 PMCID: PMC10375366 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The large amount of dead plant biomass caused by the final extinction events triggered a fungi proliferation that mostly differentiated into saprophytes degrading organic matter; others became parasites, predators, likely commensals, and mutualists. Among the last, many have relationships with ants, the most emblematic seen in the Neotropical myrmicine Attina that cultivate Basidiomycota for food. Among them, leaf-cutting, fungus-growing species illustrate an ecological innovation because they grow fungal gardens from fresh plant material rather than arthropod frass and plant debris. Myrmecophytes shelter "plant-ants" in hollow structures, the domatia, whose inner walls are lined with thin-walled Ascomycota hyphae that, in certain cases, are eaten by the ants, showing a form of convergence. Typically, these Ascomycota have antibacterial properties illustrating cases of farming for protection. Ant gardens, or mutualistic associations between certain ant species and epiphytes, shelter endophytic fungi that promote the growth of the epiphytes. Because the cell walls of certain Ascomycota hyphae remain sturdy after the death of the mycelium, they form resistant fibers used by ants to reinforce their constructions (e.g., galleries, shelters for tended hemipterans, and carton nests). Thus, we saw cases of "true" fungal agriculture involving planting, cultivating, and harvesting Basidiomycota for food with Attina. A convergence with "plant-ants" feeding on Ascomycota whose antibacterial activity is generally exploited (i.e., farming for protection). The growth of epiphytes was promoted by endophytic fungi in ant gardens. Finally, farming for structural materials occurred with, in one case, a leaf-cutting, fungus-growing ant using Ascomycota fibers to reinforce its nests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Dejean
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et EnvironnementUniversité de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 – Paul Sabatier (UPS)ToulouseFrance
- UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTechCirad, CNRS, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de GuyaneKourouFrance
| | - Frédéric Azémar
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et EnvironnementUniversité de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 – Paul Sabatier (UPS)ToulouseFrance
| | - Piotr Naskrecki
- Museum of Comparative ZoologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Maurice Tindo
- Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Animal Organisms, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DoualaDoualaCameroon
| | - Vivien Rossi
- Remote Sensing and Forest Ecology Lab, Higher Teacher's Training CollegeMarien Ngouabi UniversityBrazzavilleDemocratic Republic of the Congo
- R U Forests and Societies, CIRADBrazzavilleDemocratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Christian Faucher
- Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174) CNRSIRD, Université Toulouse 3ToulouseFrance
| | - Hervé Gryta
- Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174) CNRSIRD, Université Toulouse 3ToulouseFrance
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3
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War AF, Bashir I, Reshi ZA, Kardol P, Rashid I. Insights into the seed microbiome and its ecological significance in plant life. Microbiol Res 2023; 269:127318. [PMID: 36753851 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the microbiome has attracted much attention because of the multiple roles and functions that microbes play in plants, animals, and human beings. Seed-associated microbes are of particular interest in being the initial microbial inoculum that affects the critical early life stages of a plant. The seed-microbe interactions are also known to improve nutrient acquisition, resilience against pathogens, and resistance against abiotic stresses. Despite these diverse roles, the seed microbiome has received little attention in plant ecology. Thus, we review the current knowledge on seed microbial diversity, community structure, and functions obtained through culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive synthesis of the ecological literature on seed-microbe interactions to better understand the impact of these interactions on plant health and productivity. We suggest that future research should focus on the role of the seed microbiome in the establishment, colonization and spread of plant species in their native and non-native ranges as it may provide new insights into conservation biology and invasion ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadil Farooq War
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Iqra Bashir
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zafar A Reshi
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Paul Kardol
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Irfan Rashid
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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4
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Mertin AA, Laurence MH, van der Merwe M, French K, Liew ECY. The culturable seed mycobiome of two Banksia species is dominated by latent saprotrophic and multi-trophic fungi. Fungal Biol 2022; 126:738-745. [PMID: 36517141 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Seed fungal endophytes play an important beneficial role in the formation of the seedling mycobiome and contribute to plant establishment, but can also occur as latent pathogens and saprotrophs. Current knowledge on the function and diversity of seed fungal endophytes has been gained through studies in agricultural systems whilst knowledge from natural systems is relatively less. We used two co-occurring species from the genus Banksia from four sites in Australia's Sydney Basin Bioregion to investigate the abundance and diversity of seed fungal endophyte communities present in natural ecosystem hosts. Based on results from culturing and DNA sequence analysis of multiple loci, we found that Banksia seeds house a diverse range of fungal endophyte species, that when assigned to functional guilds belonged to multiple trophic modes. Thirty-one of the fungal taxa identified had not been previously reported as endophytes. Amongst the 58 Operational Taxonomic Units identified, Leotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes were the dominant classes and Banksiamyces (Leotiomycetes) and Penicillium (Sordariomycetes) the dominant genera, with many of the species isolated recorded in the literature as having a limited distribution. The two Banksias shared few fungal endophyte species, which were not always present across all study sites. We revealed a 'hidden diversity' within seeds of Banksia from natural ecosystems and provided insights into the influence host species can have on the seed mycobiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Mertin
- Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia.
| | - M H Laurence
- PlantClinic, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia.
| | - M van der Merwe
- Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia.
| | - K French
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - E C Y Liew
- Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia.
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Valentiella maceioensis gen. et sp. nov. (Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriales), a new black yeast-like fungus isolated from bromeliads in Brazil. Mycol Prog 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-022-01783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Leroy C, Maes AQ, Louisanna E, Séjalon‐Delmas N, Erktan A, Schimann H. Ontogenetic changes in root traits and root‐associated fungal community composition in a heteroblastic epiphytic bromeliad. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Leroy
- AMAP, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD Montpellier France
- UMR ECOFOG, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Univ. de Guyane, Univ. des Antilles Kourou France
| | - Arthur QuyManh Maes
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Univ. de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP Auzeville‐Tolosane France
| | - Eliane Louisanna
- UMR ECOFOG, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Univ. de Guyane, Univ. des Antilles Kourou France
| | - Nathalie Séjalon‐Delmas
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Univ. de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP Auzeville‐Tolosane France
| | - Amandine Erktan
- J.F. Blumenbach Inst. of Zoology and Anthropology, Univ. of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, INRAE, CIRAD, Inst. Agro Montpellier France
| | - Heidy Schimann
- UMR ECOFOG, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Univ. de Guyane, Univ. des Antilles Kourou France
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7
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Leroy C, Maes AQ, Louisanna E, Carrias J, Céréghino R, Corbara B, Séjalon‐Delmas N. Ants mediate community composition of root‐associated fungi in an ant‐plant mutualism. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Leroy
- AMAP Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD Montpellier France
- ECOFOG, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Guyane Université des Antilles Kourou France
| | | | - Eliane Louisanna
- ECOFOG, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Guyane Université des Antilles Kourou France
| | | | - Régis Céréghino
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, CNRS Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3 Toulouse France
| | - Bruno Corbara
- LMGE, CNRS Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
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Petrolli R, Augusto Vieira C, Jakalski M, Bocayuva MF, Vallé C, Cruz EDS, Selosse MA, Martos F, Kasuya MCM. A fine-scale spatial analysis of fungal communities on tropical tree bark unveils the epiphytic rhizosphere in orchids. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:2002-2014. [PMID: 33983644 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 10% of vascular plants are epiphytes and, even though this has long been ignored in past research, are able to interact with a variety of fungi, including mycorrhizal taxa. However, the structure of fungal communities on bark, as well as their relationship with epiphytic plants, is largely unknown. To fill this gap, we conducted environmental metabarcoding of the ITS-2 region to understand the spatial structure of fungal communities of the bark of tropical trees, with a focus on epiphytic orchid mycorrhizal fungi, and tested the influence of root proximity. For all guilds, including orchid mycorrhizal fungi, fungal communities were more similar when spatially close on bark (i.e. they displayed positive spatial autocorrelation). They also showed distance decay of similarity with respect to epiphytic roots, meaning that their composition on bark increasingly differed, compared to roots, with distance from roots. We first showed that all of the investigated fungal guilds exhibited spatial structure at very small scales. This spatial structure was influenced by the roots of epiphytic plants, suggesting the existence of an epiphytic rhizosphere. Finally, we showed that orchid mycorrhizal fungi were aggregated around them, possibly as a result of reciprocal influence between the mycorrhizal partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Petrolli
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, EPHE, Sorbonne Université, CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Conrado Augusto Vieira
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, EPHE, Sorbonne Université, CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, F-75005, France
- Department of Microbiology, Viçosa Federal University (UFV), P. H. Rolfs Street CEP: 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcin Jakalski
- Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland
| | - Melissa F Bocayuva
- Department of Microbiology, Viçosa Federal University (UFV), P. H. Rolfs Street CEP: 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Clément Vallé
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, EPHE, Sorbonne Université, CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Everaldo Da Silva Cruz
- Department of Microbiology, Viçosa Federal University (UFV), P. H. Rolfs Street CEP: 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marc-André Selosse
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, EPHE, Sorbonne Université, CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, F-75005, France
- Department of Microbiology, Viçosa Federal University (UFV), P. H. Rolfs Street CEP: 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland
| | - Florent Martos
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, EPHE, Sorbonne Université, CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Maria Catarina M Kasuya
- Department of Microbiology, Viçosa Federal University (UFV), P. H. Rolfs Street CEP: 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Leroy C, Maes AQ, Louisanna E, Schimann H, Séjalon-Delmas N. Taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity of root-associated fungi in bromeliads: effects of host identity, life forms and nutritional modes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1195-1209. [PMID: 33605460 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bromeliads represent a major component of neotropical forests and encompass a considerable diversity of life forms and nutritional modes. Bromeliads explore highly stressful habitats and root-associated fungi may play a crucial role in this, but the driving factors and variations in root-associated fungi remain largely unknown. We explored root-associated fungal communities in 17 bromeliad species and their variations linked to host identity, life forms and nutritional modes by using ITS1 gene-based high-throughput sequencing and by characterizing fungal functional guilds. We found a dual association of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal fungi. The different species, life forms and nutritional modes among bromeliad hosts had fungal communities that differ in their taxonomic and functional composition. Specifically, roots of epiphytic bromeliads had more endophytic fungi and dark septate endophytes and fewer mycorrhizal fungi than terrestrial bromeliads and lithophytes. Our results contribute to a fundamental knowledge base on different fungal groups in previously undescribed Bromeliaceae. The diverse root-associated fungal communities in bromeliads may enhance plant fitness in both stressful and nutrient-poor environments and may give more flexibility to the plants to adapt to changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Leroy
- AMAP, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, 34000, France
- UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, 97310, France
| | | | - Eliane Louisanna
- UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, 97310, France
| | - Heidy Schimann
- UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, 97310, France
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Fort T, Pauvert C, Zanne AE, Ovaskainen O, Caignard T, Barret M, Compant S, Hampe A, Delzon S, Vacher C. Maternal effects shape the seed mycobiome in Quercus petraea. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1594-1608. [PMID: 33341934 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The tree seed mycobiome has received little attention despite its potential role in forest regeneration and health. The aim of the present study was to analyze the processes shaping the composition of seed fungal communities in natural forests as seeds transition from the mother plant to the ground for establishment. We used metabarcoding approaches and confocal microscopy to analyze the fungal communities of seeds collected in the canopy and on the ground in four natural populations of sessile oak (Quercus petraea). Ecological processes shaping the seed mycobiome were inferred using joint species distribution models. Fungi were present in seed internal tissues, including the embryo. The seed mycobiome differed among oak populations and trees within the same population. Its composition was largely influenced by the mother, with weak significant environmental influences. The models also revealed several probable interactions among fungal pathogens and mycoparasites. Our results demonstrate that maternal effects, environmental filtering and biotic interactions all shape the seed mycobiome of sessile oak. They provide a starting point for future research aimed at understanding how maternal genes and environments interact to control the vertical transmission of fungal species that could then influence seed dispersal and germination, and seedling recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Fort
- INRAE, BIOGECO, Univ. Bordeaux, Pessac, 33615, France
| | | | - Amy E Zanne
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, 800 22nd St., Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | | | - Matthieu Barret
- INRAE, IRHS, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Institut Agro, Univ. Angers, Angers, 49000, France
| | - Stéphane Compant
- Bioresources Unit, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, Tulln, 3430, Austria
| | - Arndt Hampe
- INRAE, BIOGECO, Univ. Bordeaux, Pessac, 33615, France
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11
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Hill R, Llewellyn T, Downes E, Oddy J, MacIntosh C, Kallow S, Panis B, Dickie JB, Gaya E. Seed Banks as Incidental Fungi Banks: Fungal Endophyte Diversity in Stored Seeds of Banana Wild Relatives. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:643731. [PMID: 33841366 PMCID: PMC8024981 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.643731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed banks were first established to conserve crop genetic diversity, but seed banking has more recently been extended to wild plants, particularly crop wild relatives (CWRs) (e.g., by the Millennium Seed Bank (MSB), Royal Botanic Gardens Kew). CWRs have been recognised as potential reservoirs of beneficial traits for our domesticated crops, and with mounting evidence of the importance of the microbiome to organismal health, it follows that the microbial communities of wild relatives could also be a valuable resource for crop resilience to environmental and pathogenic threats. Endophytic fungi reside asymptomatically inside all plant tissues and have been found to confer advantages to their plant host. Preserving the natural microbial diversity of plants could therefore represent an important secondary conservation role of seed banks. At the same time, species that are reported as endophytes may also be latent pathogens. We explored the potential of the MSB as an incidental fungal endophyte bank by assessing diversity of fungi inside stored seeds. Using banana CWRs in the genus Musa as a case-study, we sequenced an extended ITS-LSU fragment in order to delimit operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and used a similarity and phylogenetics approach for classification. Fungi were successfully detected inside just under one third of the seeds, with a few genera accounting for most of the OTUs-primarily Lasiodiplodia, Fusarium, and Aspergillus-while a large variety of rare OTUs from across the Ascomycota were isolated only once. Fusarium species were notably abundant-of significance in light of Fusarium wilt, a disease threatening global banana crops-and so were targeted for additional sequencing with the marker EF1α in order to delimit species and place them in a phylogeny of the genus. Endophyte community composition, diversity and abundance was significantly different across habitats, and we explored the relationship between community differences and seed germination/viability. Our results show that there is a previously neglected invisible fungal dimension to seed banking that could well have implications for the seed collection and storage procedures, and that collections such as the MSB are indeed a novel source of potentially useful fungal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowena Hill
- Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Theo Llewellyn
- Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Downes
- Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Oddy
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Catriona MacIntosh
- Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Kallow
- Collections Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Millennium Seed Bank, Ardingly, United Kingdom
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Panis
- Bioversity International, Montpellier, France
| | - John B. Dickie
- Collections Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Millennium Seed Bank, Ardingly, United Kingdom
| | - Ester Gaya
- Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
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12
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Liu B, Liu X, Liu F, Ma H, Ma B, Peng L. Stress tolerance of Xerocomus badius and its promotion effect on seed germination and seedling growth of annual ryegrass under salt and drought stresses. AMB Express 2021; 11:15. [PMID: 33415525 PMCID: PMC7790950 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative evaluations were conducted to assess the effects of different pH levels, NaCl-induced salt stress, and PEG-induced drought stress on the mycelial growth of Xerocomus badius. The results showed that X. badius mycelium grew well at a wide pH range of 5.00 ~ 9.00. Although the mycelium remained viable, mycelial growth of X. badius was significantly inhibited with increasing salt and drought stresses. Furthermore, a soilless experiment in Petri dishes was performed to investigate the potential of X. badius to induce beneficial effects on seed germination and seedling growth of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) under salt and drought stresses. Seed priming with X. badius enhanced the seedling growth of L. multiflorum Lam. under NaCl-induced salt stress and PEG-induced drought stress. However, X. badius did not significantly improve the seed germination under non-stress and mild stress conditions. It suggested that X. badius inoculation with seeds was not essential for seed germination under non-stress and mild stress conditions, but contributed highly to seedling growth under severe stress conditions. Therefore, seed priming with X. badius on ryegrass could be an effective approach to enhance plant tolerance against drought and salt stresses. X. badius could be a good candidate for the inoculation of ectomycorrhizal plants cultivation programs in mild saline and semiarid areas.
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Liu B, Liu X, Liu F, Ma H, Ma B, Zhang W, Peng L. Growth improvement of Lolium multiflorum Lam. induced by seed inoculation with fungus suspension of Xerocomus badius and Serendipita indica. AMB Express 2019; 9:145. [PMID: 31515637 PMCID: PMC6742681 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0865-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a pot experiment was carried out in greenhouse to investigate the potentials of Xerocomus badius and Serendipita indica to penetrate and colonize roots of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and to induce beneficial effects on seed germination and seedling growth. The results showed that X. badius and S. indica successfully colonized in the root system of L. multiflorum seedlings and the root colonization rate was 72.65% and 88.42%, respectively. By microscopy, the hyphae, chlamydospores and spores produced by S. indica were observed in roots cortex of L. multiflorum seedlings. In comparison with the non-inoculated seedlings, seedlings inoculated with X. badius and S. indica showed significant increase in growth parameters with plant height, basal diameter, biomass accumulation, relative growth rate, leaf relative water content and chlorophyll content. Also, we found that seedlings inoculated with S. indica exhibited a greater growth-promotion as compared with X. badius-inoculated seedlings. No significant influence of the two fungus application has been observed with respect to seed germination. It suggested that well establishments of mutualistic symbiosis between L. multiflorum and X. badius or S. indica were not so essential to seed germination but contributed highly to the survival and growth of the seedlings.
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