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Development of the diagnostic tools for the COMPASS-U tokamak and plans for the first plasma. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2023.113545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Losada U, Manzanares A, Balboa I, Silburn S, Karhunen J, Carvalho PJ, Huber A, Huber V, Solano ER, de la Cal E. Observations with fast visible cameras in high power Deuterium plasma experiments in the JET ITER-like wall tokamak. NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2020.100837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Yang Z, Wang Y, Zhang C, He P, Shu S, Zhang J, Tang B. Techniques Used for Registration and Reconditioning of Infrared Images of the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) Divertor. JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10894-020-00251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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4
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Chen M, Yang X, Gong X, Gan K, Zhang B, Yang Z. Integrated infrared and visible tangential wide-angle viewing systems for surface temperature measurement and discharge monitoring in EAST. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.111415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wang H, Xu L, Chen W. Design and implementation of visual inspection system handed in tokamak flexible in-vessel robot. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sieglin B, Faitsch M, Herrmann A, Brucker B, Eich T, Kammerloher L, Martinov S. Real time capable infrared thermography for ASDEX Upgrade. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:113502. [PMID: 26628130 DOI: 10.1063/1.4935580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) thermography is widely used in fusion research to study power exhaust and incident heat load onto the plasma facing components. Due to the short pulse duration of today's fusion experiments, IR systems have mostly been designed for off-line data analysis. For future long pulse devices (e.g., Wendelstein 7-X, ITER), a real time evaluation of the target temperature and heat flux is mandatory. This paper shows the development of a real time capable IR system for ASDEX Upgrade. A compact IR camera has been designed incorporating the necessary magnetic and electric shielding for the detector, cooler assembly. The camera communication is based on the Camera Link industry standard. The data acquisition hardware is based on National Instruments hardware, consisting of a PXIe chassis inside and a fibre optical connected industry computer outside the torus hall. Image processing and data evaluation are performed using real time LabVIEW.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sieglin
- Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Faitsch
- Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Herrmann
- Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - B Brucker
- Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Eich
- Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - L Kammerloher
- Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S Martinov
- Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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Craciunescu T, Murari A, Gelfusa M, Tiseanu I, Zoita V, Arnoux G. Advanced methods for image registration applied to JET videos. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Wang Q, Yang J, Hu L, Yang X, Han X. Applications of Visible Imaging Diagnostics on EAST Tokamak. JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10894-015-9928-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Design study of a wide-angle infrared thermography and visible observation diagnostic on JT-60SA. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pandya SN, Peterson BJ, Mukai K, Sano R, Enokuchi A, Takeyama N. Improved signal to noise ratio and sensitivity of an infrared imaging video bolometer on large helical device by using an infrared periscope. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:073107. [PMID: 25085127 DOI: 10.1063/1.4891317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An Infrared imaging Video Bolometer (IRVB) diagnostic is currently being used in the Large Helical Device (LHD) for studying the localization of radiation structures near the magnetic island and helical divertor X-points during plasma detachment and for 3D tomography. This research demands high signal to noise ratio (SNR) and sensitivity to improve the temporal resolution for studying the evolution of radiation structures during plasma detachment and a wide IRVB field of view (FoV) for tomography. Introduction of an infrared periscope allows achievement of a higher SNR and higher sensitivity, which in turn, permits a twofold improvement in the temporal resolution of the diagnostic. Higher SNR along with wide FoV is achieved simultaneously by reducing the separation of the IRVB detector (metal foil) from the bolometer's aperture and the LHD plasma. Altering the distances to meet the aforesaid requirements results in an increased separation between the foil and the IR camera. This leads to a degradation of the diagnostic performance in terms of its sensitivity by 1.5-fold. Using an infrared periscope to image the IRVB foil results in a 7.5-fold increase in the number of IR camera pixels imaging the foil. This improves the IRVB sensitivity which depends on the square root of the number of IR camera pixels being averaged per bolometer channel. Despite the slower f-number (f/# = 1.35) and reduced transmission (τ0 = 89%, due to an increased number of lens elements) for the periscope, the diagnostic with an infrared periscope operational on LHD has improved in terms of sensitivity and SNR by a factor of 1.4 and 4.5, respectively, as compared to the original diagnostic without a periscope (i.e., IRVB foil being directly imaged by the IR camera through conventional optics). The bolometer's field of view has also increased by two times. The paper discusses these improvements in apt details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwetang N Pandya
- High Temperature Plasma Physics Research Division, The Graduate University of Advanced Studies, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - Byron J Peterson
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Mukai
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sano
- High Temperature Plasma Physics Research Division, The Graduate University of Advanced Studies, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - Akito Enokuchi
- GENESIA Corporation, 3-38-4-601 Shimo-Renjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-0013, Japan
| | - Norihide Takeyama
- GENESIA Corporation, 3-38-4-601 Shimo-Renjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-0013, Japan
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Travere JM, Aumeunier MH, Joanny M, Loarer T, Firdaouss M, Gauthier E, Martin V, Moncada V, Marot L, Chabaud D, Humbert E, Fermé JJ, Thellier C. Imaging Challenges for ITER Plasma-Facing Component Protection. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.13182/fst13-a24093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M.-H. Aumeunier
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- OPTIS, ZE de la Farlède, F-83078 Toulon Cedex 9, France
| | - M. Joanny
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - T. Loarer
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - M. Firdaouss
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - E. Gauthier
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - V. Martin
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - V. Moncada
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - L. Marot
- University of Basel, Department of Physics, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - D. Chabaud
- OPTIS, ZE de la Farlède, F-83078 Toulon Cedex 9, France
| | - E. Humbert
- OPTIS, ZE de la Farlède, F-83078 Toulon Cedex 9, France
| | - J.-J. Fermé
- THALES-SESO, 305 Rue Louis Armand, CS 30504, F-13593 Aix en Provence Cedex 3, France
| | - C. Thellier
- THALES-SESO, 305 Rue Louis Armand, CS 30504, F-13593 Aix en Provence Cedex 3, France
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Clever M, Arnoux G, Balshaw N, Garcia-Sanchez P, Patel K, Sergienko G, Soler D, Stamp M, Williams J, Zastrow KD. A wide angle view imaging diagnostic with all reflective, in-vessel optics at JET. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Yang JH, Yang XF, Hu LQ, Zang Q, Han XF, Shao CQ, Sun TF, Chen H, Wang TF, Li FJ, Hu AL. Development of high-speed and wide-angle visible observation diagnostics on Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak using catadioptric optics. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:085102. [PMID: 24007102 DOI: 10.1063/1.4817204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A new wide-angle endoscope for visible light observation on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) has been recently developed. The head section of the optical system is based on a mirror reflection design that is similar to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor-like wide-angle observation diagnostic on the Joint European Torus. However, the optical system design has been simplified and improved. As a result, the global transmittance of the system is as high as 79.6% in the wavelength range from 380 to 780 nm, and the spatial resolution is <5 mm for the full depth of field (4000 mm). The optical system also has a large relative aperture (1:2.4) and can be applied in high-speed camera diagnostics. As an important diagnostic tool, the optical system has been installed on the HT-7 (Hefei Tokamak-7) for its final experimental campaign, and the experiments confirmed that it can be applied to the investigation of transient processes in plasma, such as ELMy eruptions in H-mode, on EAST.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Yang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, People's Republic of China
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Aumeunier MH, Firdaouss M, Travère JM, Loarer T, Gauthier E, Martin V, Chabaud D, Humbert E. Modeling of the ITER-like wide-angle infrared thermography view of JET. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:10D522. [PMID: 23130792 DOI: 10.1063/1.4733532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) thermography systems are mandatory to ensure safe plasma operation in fusion devices. However, IR measurements are made much more complicated in metallic environment because of the spurious contributions of the reflected fluxes. This paper presents a full predictive photonic simulation able to assess accurately the surface temperature measurement with classical IR thermography from a given plasma scenario and by taking into account the optical properties of PFCs materials. This simulation has been carried out the ITER-like wide angle infrared camera view of JET in comparing with experimental data. The consequences and the effects of the low emissivity and the bidirectional reflectivity distribution function used in the model for the metallic PFCs on the contribution of the reflected flux in the analysis are discussed.
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The application of wavefront coding in the infrared optical system in the tokomak fusion reaction. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Aumeunier MH, Travere JM. Development of a realistic photonic modeling for the evaluation of infrared reflections in the metallic environment of ITER. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:10E524. [PMID: 21034052 DOI: 10.1063/1.3478676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In nuclear fusion experiments, the plasma facing components are exposed to high heat fluxes and infrared (IR) imaging diagnostics are routinely used for surveying their surface temperature for preventing damages. However the future use of metallic components in the ITER tokamak adds complications in temperature estimation. Indeed, low and variable emissivity of the observed surface and the multiple reflections of the light coming from hot regions will have to be understood and then taken into account. In this paper, a realistic photonic modeling based on Monte Carlo ray-tracing codes is used to predict the global response of the complete IR survey system. This also includes the complex vessel geometry and the thermal and optical surface properties using the bidirectional reflectivity distribution function that models the photon-material interactions. The first results of this simulation applied to a reference torus are presented and are used as a benchmark to investigate the validity of the global model. Finally the most critical key model parameters in the reflected signals are identified and their contribution is discussed.
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Travere JM. In-vessel components imaging systems: From the present experience towards ITER safe operation. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2009.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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