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Song Y, Zou X, Gong X, Becoulet A, Buttery R, Bonoli P, Hoang T, Maingi R, Qian J, Zhong X, Liu A, Li E, Ding R, Huang J, Zang Q, Liu H, Wang L, Zhang L, Li G, Sun Y, Garofalo A, Osborne T, Leonard T, Baek SG, Wallace G, Xu L, Zhang B, Wang S, Chu Y, Zhang T, Duan Y, Lian H, Zhang X, Jin Y, Zeng L, Lyu B, Xiao B, Huang Y, Wang Y, Shen B, Xiang N, Wu Y, Wu J, Wang X, Ding B, Li M, Zhang X, Qin C, Xi W, Zhang J, Huang L, Yao D, Hu Y, Zuo G, Yuan Q, Zhou Z, Wang M, Xu H, Xie Y, Wang Z, Chen J, Xu G, Hu J, Lu K, Liu F, Wu X, Wan B, Li J. Realization of thousand-second improved confinement plasma with Super I-mode in Tokamak EAST. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabq5273. [PMID: 36608124 PMCID: PMC9821864 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq5273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mastering nuclear fusion, which is an abundant, safe, and environmentally competitive energy, is a great challenge for humanity. Tokamak represents one of the most promising paths toward controlled fusion. Obtaining a high-performance, steady-state, and long-pulse plasma regime remains a critical issue. Recently, a big breakthrough in steady-state operation was made on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). A steady-state plasma with a world-record pulse length of 1056 s was obtained, where the density and the divertor peak heat flux were well controlled, with no core impurity accumulation, and a new high-confinement and self-organizing regime (Super I-mode = I-mode + e-ITB) was discovered and demonstrated. These achievements contribute to the integration of fusion plasma technology and physics, which is essential to operate next-step devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Song
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiaolan Zou
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France
| | - Xianzu Gong
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | | | - Richard Buttery
- General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA 92186-5608, USA
| | - Paul Bonoli
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Tuong Hoang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Rajesh Maingi
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Jinping Qian
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhong
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Adi Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Erzhong Li
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Qing Zang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Haiqing Liu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Youwen Sun
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Andrea Garofalo
- General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA 92186-5608, USA
| | - Tom Osborne
- General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA 92186-5608, USA
| | - Tony Leonard
- General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA 92186-5608, USA
| | - Seung Gyou Baek
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Greg Wallace
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Liqing Xu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Shouxin Wang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yuqi Chu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yanmin Duan
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hui Lian
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xuexi Zhang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yifei Jin
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Long Zeng
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Bo Lyu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Binjia Xiao
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yao Huang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Biao Shen
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Nong Xiang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jiefeng Wu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Bojiang Ding
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Miaohui Li
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xinjun Zhang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Chengming Qin
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Weibin Xi
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Liansheng Huang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Damao Yao
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yanlan Hu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Guizhong Zuo
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Qiping Yuan
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Mao Wang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Handong Xu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yahong Xie
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zhengchu Wang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Junling Chen
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Guosheng Xu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jiansheng Hu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Kun Lu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Fukun Liu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xinchao Wu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Baonian Wan
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jiangang Li
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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