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Linden Y, Iliffe WR, He G, Danaie M, Fischer DX, Eisterer M, Speller SC, Grovenor CRM. Analysing neutron radiation damage in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x high temperature superconductor tapes. J Microsc 2021; 286:3-12. [PMID: 34879153 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Superconducting windings will be necessary in future fusion reactors to generate the strong magnetic fields needed to confine the plasma, and these superconducting materials will inevitably be exposed to neutron damage. It is known that this exposure results in the creation of isolated damage cascades, but the presence of these defects alone is not sufficient to explain the degradation of macroscopic superconducting properties and a quantitative method is needed to assess the subtle lattice damage in between the clusters. We have studied REBCO coated conductors irradiated with neutrons to a cumulative dose of 3.3×1022 n*m-2 that show a degradation of both Tc and Jc values, and use HRTEM analysis to show that this irradiation introduces ∼10 nm amorphous collision cascades. In addition we introduce a new method for the analysis of these images to quantify the degree of lattice disorder in the apparently perfect matrix between these cascades. This method utilises Fast Fourier and Discrete Cosine Transformations of a statistically-relevant number of HRTEM images of pristine, neutron-irradiated, and amorphous samples, and extracts the degree of randomness in terms of entropy values. Our results show that these entropy values in both mid-frequency band FFT and DCT domains correlate with the expected level of lattice damage, with the pristine samples having the lowest and the fully amorphous regions the highest entropy values. Our methodology allows us to quantify 'invisible' lattice damage to and correlate these values to the degradation of superconducting properties, and also has relevance for a wider range of applications in the field of electron microscopy where small changes in lattice perfection need to be measured. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Linden
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - W R Iliffe
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - G He
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - M Danaie
- Electron Physical Sciences Imaging Centre (ePSIC), Diamond Light Source, Didcot, UK
| | - D X Fischer
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M Eisterer
- Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee2, A-1020, Vienna, Austria
| | - S C Speller
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - C R M Grovenor
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
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Maingi R, Lumsdaine A, Allain JP, Chacon L, Gourlay SA, Greenfield CM, Hughes JW, Humphreys D, Izzo V, McLean H, Menard JE, Merrill B, Rapp J, Schmitz O, Spadaccini C, Wang Z, White AE, Wirth BD. Summary of the FESAC Transformative Enabling Capabilities Panel Report. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2019.1565912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Maingi
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - A. Lumsdaine
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - J. P. Allain
- University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - L. Chacon
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
| | - S. A. Gourlay
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, retired
| | | | - J. W. Hughes
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - V. Izzo
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - H. McLean
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | - J. E. Menard
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - B. Merrill
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho
| | - J. Rapp
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - O. Schmitz
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - C. Spadaccini
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | - Z. Wang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
| | - A. E. White
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - B. D. Wirth
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee
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Campbell DJ, Akiyama T, Barnsley R, Bassan M, Baylor LR, Bertalot L, Escourbiac F, Giancarli LM, Gitton P, Guirao J, Kocan M, Krasilnikov V, Kruezi U, Lehnen M, Maruyama S, Ma Y, Merola M, Mitchell N, Pitcher CS, Raffray AR, Reichle R, Shigin P, Sirinelli A, Udintsev V, van der Laan JG, Vayakis G, Wallander A, Walsh M, Watts C. Innovations in Technology and Science R&D for ITER. JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10894-018-0187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lei L, Li L, Wang S, Zhao G, Oshima Y, Ren Y, Zhao L, Jin L, Wang Y, Li C, Zhang P. Preparation of biaxially textured Ce1-x(Y0.2Zr0.8)xOδ buffer layers on RABiTS NiW tapes by chemical solution deposition. Ann Ital Chir 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2018.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kessel C, Blanchard J, Davis A, El-Guebaly L, Garrison L, Ghoniem N, Humrickhouse P, Huang Y, Katoh Y, Khodak A, Marriott E, Malang S, Morley N, Neilson G, Rapp J, Rensink M, Rognlien T, Rowcliffe A, Smolentsev S, Snead L, Tillack M, Titus P, Waganer L, Wallace G, Wukitch S, Ying A, Young K, Zhai Y. Overview of the fusion nuclear science facility, a credible break-in step on the path to fusion energy. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Majkic G, Pratap R, Xu A, Galstyan E, Selvamanickam V. Over 15 MA/cm 2 of critical current density in 4.8 µm thick, Zr-doped (Gd,Y)Ba 2Cu 3O x superconductor at 30 K, 3T. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6982. [PMID: 29725127 PMCID: PMC5934363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25499-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An Advanced MOCVD (A-MOCVD) reactor was used to deposit 4.8 µm thick (Gd,Y)BaCuO tapes with 15 mol% Zr addition in a single pass. A record-high critical current density (Jc) of 15.11 MA/cm2 has been measured over a bridge at 30 K, 3T, corresponding to an equivalent (Ic) value of 8705 A/12 mm width. This corresponds to a lift factor in critical current of ~11 which is the highest ever reported to the best of author’s knowledge. The measured critical current densities at 3T (B||c) and 30, 40 and 50 K, respectively, are 15.11, 9.70 and 6.26 MA/cm2, corresponding to equivalent Ic values of 8705, 5586 and 3606 A/12 mm and engineering current densities (Je) of 7068, 4535 and 2928 A/mm2. The engineering current density (Je) at 40 K, 3T is 7 times higher than that of the commercial HTS tapes available with 7.5 mol% Zr addition. Such record-high performance in thick films (>1 µm) is a clear demonstration that growing thick REBCO films with high critical current density (Jc) is possible, contrary to the usual findings of strong Jc degradation with film thickness. This achievement was possible due to a combination of strong temperature control and uniform laminar flow achieved in the A-MOCVD system, coupled with optimization of BaZrO3 nanorod growth parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Majkic
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Center for Superconductivity and Advanced Manufacturing Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - Rudra Pratap
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Center for Superconductivity and Advanced Manufacturing Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Aixia Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Center for Superconductivity and Advanced Manufacturing Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Eduard Galstyan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Center for Superconductivity and Advanced Manufacturing Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Venkat Selvamanickam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Center for Superconductivity and Advanced Manufacturing Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
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Gryaznevich M, Asunta O. Overview and status of construction of ST40. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Bruzzone P, Sedlak K, Uglietti D, Bykovsky N, Muzzi L, De Marzi G, Celentano G, della Corte A, Turtù S, Seri M. LTS and HTS high current conductor development for DEMO. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2015.06.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hahn S, Kim Y, Keun Park D, Kim K, Voccio JP, Bascuñán J, Iwasa Y. No-insulation multi-width winding technique for high temperature superconducting magnet. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2013; 103:173511. [PMID: 24255549 PMCID: PMC3820593 DOI: 10.1063/1.4826217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present a No-Insulation (NI) Multi-Width (MW) winding technique for an HTS (high temperature superconductor) magnet consisting of double-pancake (DP) coils. The NI enables an HTS magnet self-protecting and the MW minimizes the detrimental anisotropy in current-carrying capacity of HTS tape by assigning tapes of multiple widths to DP coils within a stack, widest tape to the top and bottom sections and the narrowest in the midplane section. This paper presents fabrication and test results of an NI-MW HTS magnet and demonstrates the unique features of the NI-MW technique: self-protecting and enhanced field performance, unattainable with the conventional technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyong Hahn
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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