1
|
Raab M, Zeininger J, Suchorski Y, Genest A, Weigl C, Rupprechter G. Lanthanum modulated reaction pacemakers on a single catalytic nanoparticle. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7186. [PMID: 37938552 PMCID: PMC10632447 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Promoters are important in catalysis, but the atomistic details of their function and particularly their role in reaction instabilities such as kinetic phase transitions and oscillations are often unknown. Employing hydrogen oxidation as probe reaction, a Rh nanotip for mimicking a single Rh nanoparticle and field electron microscopy for in situ monitoring, we demonstrate a La-mediated local catalytic effect. The oscillatory mode of the reaction provides a tool for studying the interplay between different types of reaction pacemakers, i.e., specific local surface atomic configurations that initiate kinetic transitions. The presence of La shifts the bistable reaction states, changes the oscillation pattern and deactivates one of two pacemaker types for the La-free surface. The observed effects originate from the La-enhanced oxygen activation on the catalyst. The experimental observations are corroborated by micro-kinetic model simulations comprising a system of 25 coupled oscillators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Raab
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Zeininger
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yuri Suchorski
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Genest
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carla Weigl
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Günther Rupprechter
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Winkler P, Raab M, Zeininger J, Rois LM, Suchorski Y, Stöger-Pollach M, Amati M, Parmar R, Gregoratti L, Rupprechter G. Imaging Interface and Particle Size Effects by In Situ Correlative Microscopy of a Catalytic Reaction. ACS Catal 2023; 13:7650-7660. [PMID: 37288091 PMCID: PMC10242684 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic behavior of Rh particles supported by three different materials (Rh, Au, and ZrO2) in H2 oxidation has been studied in situ by correlative photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) and scanning photoemission electron microscopy (SPEM). Kinetic transitions between the inactive and active steady states were monitored, and self-sustaining oscillations on supported Rh particles were observed. Catalytic performance differed depending on the support and Rh particle size. Oscillations varied from particle size-independent (Rh/Rh) via size-dependent (Rh/ZrO2) to fully inhibited (Rh/Au). For Rh/Au, the formation of a surface alloy induced such effects, whereas for Rh/ZrO2, the formation of substoichiometric Zr oxides on the Rh surface, enhanced oxygen bonding, Rh-oxidation, and hydrogen spillover onto the ZrO2 support were held responsible. The experimental observations were complemented by micro-kinetic simulations, based on variations of hydrogen adsorption and oxygen binding. The results demonstrate how correlative in situ surface microscopy enables linking of the local structure, composition, and catalytic performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Winkler
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Maximilian Raab
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Johannes Zeininger
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Lea M. Rois
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Yuri Suchorski
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Michael Stöger-Pollach
- University
Service Center for Transmission Electron Microscopy, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, Vienna 1040, Austria
| | - Matteo Amati
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., SS
14 km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Rahul Parmar
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., SS
14 km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Luca Gregoratti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., SS
14 km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Günther Rupprechter
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zeininger J, Raab M, Suchorski Y, Buhr S, Stöger-Pollach M, Bernardi J, Rupprechter G. Reaction Modes on a Single Catalytic Particle: Nanoscale Imaging and Micro-Kinetic Modeling. ACS Catal 2022; 12:12774-12785. [PMID: 36313520 PMCID: PMC9594309 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The kinetic behavior of individual Rh(hkl) nanofacets
coupled in a common reaction system was studied using the apex of
a curved rhodium microcrystal (radius of 0.65 μm) as a model
of a single catalytic particle and field electron microscopy for in
situ imaging of catalytic hydrogen oxidation. Depending on the extent
of interfacet coupling via hydrogen diffusion, different oscillating
reaction modes were observed including highly unusual multifrequential
oscillations: differently oriented nanofacets oscillated with differing
frequencies despite their immediate neighborhood. The transitions
between different modes were induced by variations in the particle
temperature, causing local surface reconstructions, which create locally
protruding atomic rows. These atomic rows modified the coupling strength
between individual nanofacets and caused the transitions between different
oscillating modes. Effects such as entrainment, frequency locking,
and reconstruction-induced collapse of spatial coupling were observed.
To reveal the origin of the different experimentally observed effects,
microkinetic simulations were performed for a network of 105 coupled
oscillators, modeling the individual nanofacets communicating via
hydrogen surface diffusion. The calculated behavior of the oscillators,
the local frequencies, and the varying degree of spatial synchronization
describe the experimental observations well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Zeininger
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Raab
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060Vienna, Austria
| | - Yuri Suchorski
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Buhr
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Stöger-Pollach
- University Service Center for Transmission Electron Microscopy, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Bernardi
- University Service Center for Transmission Electron Microscopy, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040Vienna, Austria
| | - Günther Rupprechter
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bezgodov E, Davletchin Y, Kryukov V, Moshkin D, Pasyukov S, Platonov E, Popov I, Simonenko V, Tararykin A, Ushkov A. Start-up behavior and the ignition limit of passive hydrogen recombiners with various catalytic elements. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2022.111664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
5
|
How the anisotropy of surface oxide formation influences the transient activity of a surface reaction. Nat Commun 2021; 12:69. [PMID: 33398022 PMCID: PMC7782819 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Scanning photoelectron microscopy (SPEM) and photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) allow local surface analysis and visualising ongoing reactions on a µm-scale. These two spatio-temporal imaging methods are applied to polycrystalline Rh, representing a library of well-defined high-Miller-index surface structures. The combination of these techniques enables revealing the anisotropy of surface oxidation, as well as its effect on catalytic hydrogen oxidation. In the present work we observe, using locally-resolved SPEM, structure-sensitive surface oxide formation, which is summarised in an oxidation map and quantitatively explained by the novel step density (SDP) and step edge (SEP) parameters. In situ PEEM imaging of ongoing H2 oxidation allows a direct comparison of the local reactivity of metallic and oxidised Rh surfaces for the very same different stepped surface structures, demonstrating the effect of Rh surface oxides. Employing the velocity of propagating reaction fronts as indicator of surface reactivity, we observe a high transient activity of Rh surface oxide in H2 oxidation. The corresponding velocity map reveals the structure-dependence of such activity, representing a direct imaging of a structure-activity relation for plenty of well-defined surface structures within one sample. Surface oxide formation under reaction conditions may change the catalytic activity of a catalyst. Here, the authors explore the effect of atomic structure of Rh surfaces on the surface oxide formation and its influence on catalytic activity in hydrogen oxidation, revealing a high transient activity.
Collapse
|
6
|
Raman RK, Iyer KN, Ravva S. CFD studies of hydrogen mitigation by recombiner using correlations of reaction rates obtained from detailed mechanism. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2020.110528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
7
|
Winkler P, Zeininger J, Raab M, Rupprechter G, Suchorski Y. A novel wireless sample temperature control system for field ion, field electron, and atom probe techniques. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:013705. [PMID: 32012580 DOI: 10.1063/1.5126185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel sample temperature control system for field ion microscopy (FIM), field electron microscopy (FEM), and atom probe techniques based on wireless data transmission was designed, built, and applied for FIM and FEM studies of surface reactions. The system solves the longstanding problem of the temperature control of micrometer- to nanometer-sized samples during the operation in field emission based techniques. The new system can also be used for other applications requiring the specimen to be under high electric potential (tens of kilovolts or even higher). The chosen case studies of nanocatalysis demonstrate the capabilities and superior performance of the new temperature control system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Winkler
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Maximilian Raab
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Yuri Suchorski
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
AbstractThe reactor safety research of the Helmholtz Association is an integral part of the national provident research. It focuses on the safety of nuclear power plants in Germany and abroad as well as on safety aspects of internationally developed innovative reactor concepts. The research in the three involved Helmholtz centers Forschungszentrum Jülich, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology covers important areas of design basis and beyond design basis accidents. A unique combination of code and model development supported by own large-scale experiments ensures the active preservation of the reactor safety competences. The research that is embedded in a strong international co-operation will be continued after the completion of the national phase-out from the use of nuclear energy for electricity production in 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Kliem
- 1Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden
| | - W. Tromm
- 2Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, E-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|