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Feliu A, Quintero A, Peruga A, Carnicer-Pont D, Antón L, Rey-Pino JM, Fernández E. Changes in tobacco imagery and smokers' depiction in Spanish top-grossing films before and after the implementation of a comprehensive tobacco control policy in Spain. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:66. [PMID: 37215193 PMCID: PMC10198122 DOI: 10.18332/tid/162700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As more restrictions on tobacco marketing communication are implemented, tobacco marketing has persisted through smoking in films. Our aims were to assess changes in tobacco imagery exposure in Spanish top-grossing films before and after the banning of tobacco advertising in Spain, and to determine whether the depiction of smoking characters has changed over the years. METHODS A repeated cross-sectional study measured the tobacco content in the 10 Spanish top-grossing films in 2005, 2010 and 2015 (n=30) before and after a complete tobacco advertising ban. We conducted a descriptive and regression analysis of changes in tobacco impressions by year. RESULTS The 30 films contained 1378 tobacco occurrences (90.2% positive for tobacco) with a median length of eight seconds onscreen. Total tobacco occurrences deemed positive for tobacco interests significantly increased in 2010 and 2015 compared to 2005. However, we observed decreased odds of tobacco brands appearances (OR=0.25; p<0.001) in 2010 and of implied tobacco use (OR=0.44; p=0.002), and tobacco brands appearances (OR=0.36; p<0.001) in 2015 compared to 2005. There was a change of pattern in the type of role smokers played from a leading role to a supporting one (p<0.001). The population reach of positive for tobacco occurrence in Spanish top-grossing films decreased from 15.9 (95% CI: 15.86-15.86) per 1000 spectators in 2005 to 0.8 (95% CI: 0.82-0.82) in 2015. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of a ban on complete tobacco product advertising was followed by a decrease in tobacco incidents across top-grossing Spanish films. Yet, exposure to smoking in films is still unacceptably high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Feliu
- Unidad de Control del Tabaco, Centro Colaborador de la OMS para el Control del Tabaco, Institut Catala d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Espana
- Grupo de Investigacion en Control del Tabaco, Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Espana
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, (CIBERES), Madrid, Espana
| | - Alex Quintero
- Unidad de Control del Tabaco, Centro Colaborador de la OMS para el Control del Tabaco, Institut Catala d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Espana
- Grupo de Investigacion en Control del Tabaco, Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Espana
| | - Armando Peruga
- Unidad de Control del Tabaco, Centro Colaborador de la OMS para el Control del Tabaco, Institut Catala d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Espana
- Grupo de Investigacion en Control del Tabaco, Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Espana
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, (CIBERES), Madrid, Espana
- Centro de Epidemiologia y Politicas de Salud, Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dolors Carnicer-Pont
- Unidad de Control del Tabaco, Centro Colaborador de la OMS para el Control del Tabaco, Institut Catala d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Espana
- Grupo de Investigacion en Control del Tabaco, Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Espana
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, (CIBERES), Madrid, Espana
| | - Laura Antón
- Unidad de Control del Tabaco, Centro Colaborador de la OMS para el Control del Tabaco, Institut Catala d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Espana
- Grupo de Investigacion en Control del Tabaco, Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Espana
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, (CIBERES), Madrid, Espana
| | - Juan M. Rey-Pino
- Departamento de Comercializacion e Investigacion de Mercados, Facultad de Ciencias Economicas y Empresariales, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Espana
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Unidad de Control del Tabaco, Centro Colaborador de la OMS para el Control del Tabaco, Institut Catala d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Espana
- Grupo de Investigacion en Control del Tabaco, Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Espana
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, (CIBERES), Madrid, Espana
- Departamento de Ciencias Clinicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Espana
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Fernández E, Peruga A. Tobacco control in the 21st century: A global and local perspective. Med Clin (Barc) 2022; 159:589-591. [PMID: 35953312 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esteve Fernández
- Unidad de Control del Tabaco, Programa de Prevención y Control del Cáncer, Centro Colaborador de la OMS para el Control del Tabaco, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), Barcelona, España; Grupo de Investigación en Control del Tabaco, Programa de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, España; Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat de Barcelona, Campus de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España.
| | - Armando Peruga
- Unidad de Control del Tabaco, Programa de Prevención y Control del Cáncer, Centro Colaborador de la OMS para el Control del Tabaco, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), Barcelona, España; Grupo de Investigación en Control del Tabaco, Programa de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, España; Centro de Epidemiología y Políticas Públicas, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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García Castillo E, Alonso Pérez T, Peláez A, Pérez González P, Soriano JB, Ancochea J. Prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in an Urban Area. Changes in COPD Ten Years on. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 17:2431-2441. [PMID: 36199759 PMCID: PMC9528798 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s377140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The prevalence of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Spain has been evaluated in the last ten years by EPISCAN in 2007 and EPISCAN II in 2017. This study describes changes in the prevalence of COPD in an urban region of Spain in the last 10 years, its risk factors and underdiagnosis. Patients and Methods Participants from the Autonomous Community of Madrid (Spain) were selected from both studies up to the age of 80 years. A descriptive analysis of their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, as well as by gender, was conducted. COPD was defined by a post-bronchodilator ratio <0.70. Results The prevalence of COPD in the Autonomous Community of Madrid increased non-significantly from 11.0% (95% CI: 8.9–13.5%) to 12.1% (95% CI: 9.6–15.1, p=0.612). However, the prevalence by gender showed an increase in women (5.6% to 14.7%, p<0.001) and a decrease in men (17.6% to 9.8%, p=0.08). Underdiagnosis was reduced from 81.0% to 67.9% (p=0.006), although with greater underdiagnosis in women (86.4% in EPISCAN and 100% in EPISCAN II). Smoking was higher in men than in women in EPISCAN (31.2% vs 23.0%, p<0.01) but with no differences by gender in EPISCAN II (25.5% men vs 26.0% women, p=0.146). Age, smoking, low BMI, and a sedentary lifestyle were consistently associated with COPD. Conclusion In 10 years in Madrid, there have been no changes in the global prevalence of COPD, but there have been important changes in women, with an increase in its prevalence, smoking habit and underdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena García Castillo
- Pulmonary Department, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cátedra UAM-GSK “Respira Vida”, Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: Elena García Castillo, Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, C/ Diego de León, 62, Madrid, CP: 28006, Spain, Tel +34 91 520 22 77, Fax +91-520-26-72, Email
| | - Tamara Alonso Pérez
- Pulmonary Department, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cátedra UAM-GSK “Respira Vida”, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Peláez
- Pulmonary Department, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez González
- Pulmonary Department, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Cátedra UAM-GSK “Respira Vida”, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan B Soriano
- Pulmonary Department, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Ancochea
- Pulmonary Department, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cátedra UAM-GSK “Respira Vida”, Madrid, Spain
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