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Esmailiyan M, Marandi SM, Darvishi M, Haghjooy Javanmard S, Amerizadeh A. The Effect of Eight Weeks of Aquatic Exercises on Muscle Strength in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Case Study. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:87. [PMID: 37288010 PMCID: PMC10241640 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_363_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral palsy in children is considered a non-progressive brain injury due to abnormal brain development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aquatic exercises on muscle strength in children with cerebral palsy. Materials and Methods This study was performed on three boys with cerebral palsy with a mean age of 6.5 years. In this research, a single case study method with A1-B-A2 design has been used. After determining the position of the baseline, the intervention began and during 24 sessions of individual intervention, aquatic exercises were presented to the subjects and all three subjects were followed up for 2 consecutive weeks and one month after the end of the intervention. The strength of the flexor muscles of the arms and legs was measured by a power track dynamometer made by JTECK with a threshold of 4.4 N. Results Based on the indicators of descriptive statistics and visual analysis, the intervention was effective for all three participants in muscle strength, and the strength of individuals after the intervention has improved compared to the baseline stage (percentage). Information overlap for the first and second participant in the strength of right thigh flexors was 75% and for the third participant was 100%. The strength of the upper and lower torso muscles improved after the end of the training compared to the basic stage. Conclusion Aquatic exercises can increase the strength of children with cerebral palsy and provide a favorable environment for children with cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoosh Esmailiyan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ragheb Isfahani Higher Education Institute, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohamad Marandi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Darvishi
- Sama Technical and Vocational Training College, Islamic Azad University, Esfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Atefeh Amerizadeh
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Li F, Wu Y, Song Z, Tadum Arthur Vithran D, Li X, Fang K, Zeng M, Wen J, Xiao S, Qiu H. Characteristics of surface electromyogram signals after Pemberton pelvic osteotomy combined with femoral osteotomy in children with unilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29794. [PMID: 35839016 PMCID: PMC11132326 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the surface electromyogram (sEMG) signal characteristics of the muscle around the hip joint after Pemberton osteotomy in children with unilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). A total of 21 children with unilateral DDH who had received Pemberton osteotomy were selected as the DDH group, and 21 healthy children of the same age were selected as the control group. The children in both groups were tested using sEMG, the Root mean square (RMS) values of the tensor fascia lata, rectus femurs, and medial head of the hamstring and gluteus maximum on both sides in standing and walking status were recorded. The value on the affected side in the DDH group was compared with the value on the healthy side himself and the value in the control group. The mean postoperative follow-up in the DDH group was 27.76 ± 24.30 months. The RMS value of the affected gluteus maximum muscle in the DDH group was significantly larger while standing (P < 0.05), the RMS value of bilateral tensor fascia lata muscle was significantly larger while walking (P < 0.05), and the RMS value of the affected hamstring muscle medial head was significantly less in the DDH group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). An asymmetry and compensatory increase in the sEMG activity of the muscles around the hip joint when standing and walking was noted in children with unilateral DDH who underwent Pemberton osteotomy combined with a femoral osteotomy. The rehabilitation training of the muscles around the hip joint after unilateral DDH should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanling Li
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Clinical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuyuan Wu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital in Huaihua, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenqi Song
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Clinical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Djandan Tadum Arthur Vithran
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Clinical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Clinical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Fang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Clinical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Clinical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Clinical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Clinical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Hailing Qiu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Clinical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Zardo F, Paludo T, Mattos BTPD, Frata B, Ling CC, Cechetti F. Analysis of muscle activation in children and adolescents with severe cerebral palsy. FISIOTERAPIA EM MOVIMENTO 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fm.2022.35115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction: Children and adolescents with spastic quadriparesis have a worse selective motor control, and studies with this population are still very scarce. The same is true with scientific evidence of one of the methods most used as a physiotherapeutic treatment in this population, the Bobath Concept. Objective: To evaluate spine erector muscles activation, gluteus medius and gluteus maximus, through the handling of the Bobath Concept and the sustained kneeling posture in subjects with a diagnosis of severe cerebral palsy; and to compare muscle activation with a reference group, in order to increase the reliability of this study. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 38 children and adolescents with cerebral palsy, classified by GMFCS at levels IV and V, and 20 healthy participants, aged between 3 and 18 years. They were submitted to the handling of the Bobath Concept and to the sustained kneeling posture, with muscle activation obtained by electromyography. Results: We observed significant muscle activation during handling in side-sitting, with weight transfer and without the help of another therapist, and in the sustained kneeling posture, for the erector of the spine and gluteus medius. Conclusion: The evidence from this study suggests that both the handling in side-sitting and the sustained kneeling posture cause significant muscle activation in the erector of the spine and gluteus medius for severe quadriparesis subjects, GMFCS IV and V, which can contribute to the improvement of postural control and decision-making in physical therapy practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Zardo
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Brazil
| | - Tatiane Paludo
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Frata
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Brazil
| | - Chen Chai Ling
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cechetti
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Brazil
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Li S, Luo X, Zhang S, Tang Y, Sun J, Meng Q, Yu H, Sun C. Evaluation of Multilevel Surgeries in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy Based on Surface Electromyography. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:680645. [PMID: 34335161 PMCID: PMC8319621 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.680645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The root mean square (RMS) of the surface electromyography (sEMG) signal can respond to neuromuscular function, which displays a positive correlation with muscle force and muscle tension under positive and passive conditions, respectively. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in muscle force and tension after multilevel surgical treatments, functional selective posterior rhizotomy (FSPR) and tibial anterior muscle transfer surgery, and evaluate their clinical effect in children with spastic cerebral palsy (SCP) during walking. Children with diplegia (n = 13) and hemiplegia (n = 3) with ages from 4 to 18 years participated in this study. They were requested to walk barefoot at a self-selected speed on a 15-m-long lane. The patient's joints' range of motion (ROM) and sEMG signal of six major muscles were assessed before and after the multilevel surgeries. The gait cycle was divided into seven phases, and muscle activation state can be divided into positive and passive conditions during gait cycle. For each phase, the RMS of the sEMG signal amplitude was calculated and also normalized by a linear envelope (10-ms running RMS window). The muscle tension of the gastrocnemius decreased significantly during the loading response, initial swing, and terminal swing (p < 0.05), which helped the knee joint to get the maximum extension when the heel is on the ground and made the heel land smoothly. The muscle force of the gastrocnemius increased significantly (p < 0.05) during the mid-stance, terminal stance, and pre-swing, which could generate the driving force for the human body to move forward. The muscle tension of the biceps femoris and semitendinosus decreased significantly (p < 0.05) during the terminal stance, pre-swing, and initial swing. The decreased muscle tension could relieve the burden of the knee flexion when the knee joint was passively flexed. At the terminal swing, the muscle force of the tibial anterior increased significantly (p < 0.05), which could improve the ankle dorsiflexion ability and prevent foot drop and push forward. Thus, the neuromuscular function of cerebral palsy during walking can be evaluated by the muscle activation state and the RMS of the sEMG signal, which showed that multilevel surgical treatments are feasible and effective to treat SCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujiao Li
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, School of Medical Device and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Assistive Devices, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueqin Luo
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, School of Medical Device and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Assistive Devices, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Shanghai Punan Hospital, Shanghai Eber Medical Group, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanmin Tang
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, School of Medical Device and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Assistive Devices, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiming Sun
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Shanghai Punan Hospital, Shanghai Eber Medical Group, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyun Meng
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliu Yu
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, School of Medical Device and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Assistive Devices, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyan Sun
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Shanghai Punan Hospital, Shanghai Eber Medical Group, Shanghai, China
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Cappellini G, Sylos-Labini F, Assenza C, Libernini L, Morelli D, Lacquaniti F, Ivanenko Y. Clinical Relevance of State-of-the-Art Analysis of Surface Electromyography in Cerebral Palsy. Front Neurol 2020; 11:583296. [PMID: 33362693 PMCID: PMC7759523 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.583296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface electromyography (sEMG) can be used to assess the integrity of the neuromuscular system and its impairment in neurological disorders. Here we will consider several issues related to the current clinical applications, difficulties and limited usage of sEMG for the assessment and rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. The uniqueness of this methodology is that it can determine hyperactivity or inactivity of selected muscles, which cannot be assessed by other methods. In addition, it can assist for intervention or muscle/tendon surgery acts, and it can evaluate integrated functioning of the nervous system based on multi-muscle sEMG recordings and assess motor pool activation. The latter aspect is especially important for understanding impairments of the mechanisms of neural controllers rather than malfunction of individual muscles. Although sEMG study is an important tool in both clinical research and neurorehabilitation, the results of a survey on the clinical relevance of sEMG in a typical department of pediatric rehabilitation highlighted its limited clinical usage. We believe that this is due to limited knowledge of the sEMG and its neuromuscular underpinnings by many physiotherapists, as a result of lack of emphasis on this important methodology in the courses taught in physical therapy schools. The lack of reference databases or benchmarking software for sEMG analysis may also contribute to the limited clinical usage. Despite the existence of educational and technical barriers to a widespread use of, sEMG does provide important tools for planning and assessment of rehabilitation treatments for children with cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germana Cappellini
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Pediatric Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carla Assenza
- Department of Pediatric Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Libernini
- Department of Pediatric Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Morelli
- Department of Pediatric Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Lacquaniti
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, Centre of Space Bio-medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Yury Ivanenko
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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