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Milaković M, Križanović S, Petrić I, Šimatović A, González-Plaza JJ, Gužvinec M, Andrašević AT, Pole L, Fuka MM, Udiković-Kolić N. Characterization of macrolide resistance in bacteria isolated from macrolide-polluted and unpolluted river sediments and clinical sources in Croatia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 749:142357. [PMID: 33370905 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environments polluted with excessively high levels of antibiotics released from manufacturing sites can act as a source of transferable antibiotic resistance (AR) genes to human commensal and pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate AR of bacteria isolated from the Sava river sediments (Croatia) at the discharge site of effluents from azithromycin production compared to those from the upstream site and isolates collected in Croatian hospitals. A total of 228 environmental strains of azithromycin-resistant bacteria were isolated and identified, with 124 from the discharge site and 104 from the upstream site. In addition, a total of 90 clinical, azithromycin-resistant streptococcal and staphylococcal isolates obtained from the Croatian Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance were analyzed. PCR screening of isolates on 11 relevant macrolide-resistance genes (MRGs) showed that discharge isolates had greater detection frequencies for 4 gene targets (ermB, msrE, mphE and ermF) compared to upstream isolates. Among clinical isolates, the most frequently detected gene was ermB, followed by msrD, mefE and mefC. The discharge site demonstrated a greater abundance of isolates with co-occurrence of two different MRGs (predominantly msrE-mphE) than the upstream site, but a lower abundance than the clinical sources (most commonly msrD-mefE). The simultaneous presence of three or even four MRGs was specific for the discharge and clinical isolates, but not for the upstream isolates. When MRG results were sorted by gene mechanism, the ribosomal methylation (erm) and protection genes (msr) were the most frequently detected among both the discharge and the clinical isolates. Following sequencing, high nucleotide sequence similarity was observed between ermB in the discharge isolates and the clinical streptococcal isolates, suggesting a possible transfer of the ermB gene between bacteria of clinical and environmental origin. Our study highlights the importance of environmental bacterial populations as reservoirs for clinically relevant macrolide-resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Milaković
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, P.O. Box 180, 10 002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Stela Križanović
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, P.O. Box 180, 10 002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ines Petrić
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, P.O. Box 180, 10 002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Šimatović
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, P.O. Box 180, 10 002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Juan J González-Plaza
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, P.O. Box 180, 10 002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Gužvinec
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Mirogojska 8, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Arjana Tambić Andrašević
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Mirogojska 8, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucia Pole
- Department of Microbiology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska 25, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirna Mrkonjić Fuka
- Department of Microbiology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska 25, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Udiković-Kolić
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, P.O. Box 180, 10 002 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus pumilus SCAL1, an Endophytic Heat-Tolerant Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2018; 6:6/18/e00306-18. [PMID: 29724830 PMCID: PMC5940947 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00306-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus pumilus strain SCAL1 is an endophytic, thermophilic plant that was isolated from the leaf of a plant, Solanum lycopersicum L., in Sindh, Pakistan. B. pumilus strain SCAL1 has usually exhibited high resistance to environmental stresses, with a growth temperature ranging from 30 to 60°C. An approximately 3.75-Mb draft genome was assembled into 68 contigs.
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Hornick KM, Buschmann AH. Insights into the diversity and metabolic function of bacterial communities in sediments from Chilean salmon aquaculture sites. ANN MICROBIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-017-1317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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