1
|
Jia J, Zhao X, Jia P, Zhang X, Li D, Liu Y, Huang L. Ecophysiological responses of Phragmites australis populations to a tidal flat gradient in the Yangtze River Estuary, China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1326345. [PMID: 38756962 PMCID: PMC11097105 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1326345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Phragmites australis is a prevalent species in the Chongming Dongtan wetland and is capable of thriving in various tidal flat environments, including high salinity habitats. P. australis population displays inconsistent ecological performances, highlighting the need to uncover their survival strategies and mechanisms in tidal flats with diverse soil salinities. Upon comparing functional traits of P. australis at multiple tidal flats (low, middle, and high) and their responses to soil physicochemical properties, this study aimed to clarify the salt-tolerant strategy of P. australis and the corresponding mechanisms. These results showed that leaf characteristics, such as specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content, demonstrated more robust stability to soil salinity than shoot height and dry weight. Furthermore, as salt stress intensified, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxisome (POD) in P. australis leaves at low tidal flat exhibited an increased upward trend compared to those at other tidal flats. The molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in Phragmites australis across various habitats was investigated using transcriptome sequencing. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) combined with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) screened out 3 modules closely related to high salt tolerance and identified 105 core genes crucial for high salt tolerance. Further research was carried out on the few degraded populations at low tidal flat, and 25 core genes were identified by combining WGCNA and DEGs. A decrease in the activity of ferroptosis marker gonyautoxin-4 and an increase in the content of Fe3+ in the degenerated group were observed, indicating that ferroptosis might participate in degradation. Furthermore, correlation analysis indicated a possible regulatory network between salt tolerance and ferroptosis. In short, this study provided new insights into the salt tolerance mechanism of P. australis population along tidal flats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jia
- East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Peng Jia
- East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- GeneMind Biosciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dezhi Li
- East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang F, Liu S, Qian M, Wang D, Chen J. Decoupling of nutrient stoichiometry in Suaeda glauca (Bunge) senesced leaves under salt treatment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1235443. [PMID: 37731977 PMCID: PMC10507319 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1235443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The stoichiometry of senesced leaves is pivotal in nutrient cycling and can be significantly influenced by soil salinization, a rising global issue threatening the functionality of ecosystems. However, the impacts of soil salinization on senesced leaf stoichiometry are not fully understood. In this study, we conducted a pot experiment with varying soil salt concentrations to examine their influence on the concentrations and stoichiometric ratios of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and zinc (Zn) in the senesced leaves of Suaeda glauca (Bunge). Compared to the control group, salt treatments significantly enhanced Na concentration while diminishing the concentrations of K, Ca, Mg, Zn, N, and P. Interestingly, as salinity levels escalated, N concentration maintained stability, whereas P concentration exhibited an increasing trend. Moreover, K, Ca, and Mg significantly declined as salt levels rose. Salt treatments brought about significant changes in stoichiometric ratios, with the N:P, K:Na, N:Na, N:Mg, and Ca : Mg ratios dropping and the N:Ca and N:K ratios rising, illustrating the varying nutrient coupling cycles under different salt conditions. These findings shed light on the plasticity of stoichiometric traits in S. glauca senesced leaves in response to soil salinization shifts, which could potentially offer insights into nutrient cycling reactions to soil salinization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fugui Yang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ma Qian
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Donger Wang
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jihui Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- School of Agriculture and the Environment, Massey University, North Palmerston, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Barbafieri M, Bretzel F, Scartazza A, Di Baccio D, Rosellini I, Grifoni M, Pini R, Clementi A, Franchi E. Response to Hypersalinity of Four Halophytes Growing in Hydroponic Floating Systems: Prospects in the Phytomanagement of High Saline Wastewaters and Extreme Environments. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1737. [PMID: 37176795 PMCID: PMC10181242 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Hypersaline environments occur naturally worldwide in arid and semiarid regions or in artificial areas where the discharge of highly saline wastewaters, such as produced water (PW) from oil and gas industrial setups, has concentrated salt (NaCl). Halophytes can tolerate high NaCl concentrations by adopting ion extrusion and inclusion mechanisms at cell, tissue, and organ levels; however, there is still much that is not clear in the response of these plants to salinity and completely unknown issues in hypersaline conditions. Mechanisms of tolerance to saline and hypersaline conditions of four different halophytes (Suaeda fruticosa (L.) Forssk, Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pall.) M. Bieb., Juncus maritimus Lam. and Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel) were assessed by analysing growth, chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic pigment parameters, nutrients, and sodium (Na) uptake and distribution in different organs. Plants were exposed to high saline (257 mM or 15 g L-1 NaCl) and extremely high or hypersaline (514, 856, and 1712 mM or 30, 50, and 100 g L-1 NaCl) salt concentrations in a hydroponic floating culture system for 28 days. The two dicotyledonous S. fruticosa and H. strobilaceum resulted in greater tolerance to hypersaline concentrations than the two monocotyledonous species J. maritimus and P. australis. Plant biomass and major cation (K, Ca, and Mg) distributions among above- and below-ground organs evidenced the osmoprotectant roles of K in the leaves of S. fruticosa, and of Ca and Mg in the leaves and stem of H. strobilaceum. In J. maritimus and P. australis the rhizome modulated the reduced uptake and translocation of nutrients and Na to shoot with increasing salinity levels. S. fruticosa and H. strobilaceum absorbed and accumulated elevated Na amounts in the aerial parts at all the NaCl doses tested, with high bioaccumulation (from 0.5 to 8.3) and translocation (1.7-16.2) factors. In the two monocotyledons, Na increased in the root and rhizome with the increasing concentration of external NaCl, dramatically reducing the growth in J. maritimus at both 50 and 100 g L-1 NaCl and compromising the survival of P. australis at 30 g L-1 NaCl and over after two weeks of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meri Barbafieri
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (M.G.); (R.P.)
| | - Francesca Bretzel
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (M.G.); (R.P.)
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (M.G.); (R.P.)
| | - Daniela Di Baccio
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (M.G.); (R.P.)
| | - Irene Rosellini
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (M.G.); (R.P.)
| | - Martina Grifoni
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (M.G.); (R.P.)
| | - Roberto Pini
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (M.G.); (R.P.)
| | - Alice Clementi
- Eni S.p.A., Subsurface and Wells R&D Projects, Via Maritano 26, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Franchi
- Eni S.p.A., R&D Environmental &Biological Laboratories, Via Maritano 26, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jiang P, Han X, Liu Z, Fan S, Zhang X. C:N:P stoichiometric variations of herbs and its relationships with soil properties and species relative abundance along the Xiaokai River irrigation in the Yellow River Delta, China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1130477. [PMID: 36794217 PMCID: PMC9923178 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1130477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Soil salinity is known to affect plant performance and nutrient stoichiometry by altering their ecophysiology, and thus playing a crucial role in determining plant distribution patterns and nutrient cycles in salinized ecosystems. However, there was little consensus on the effects of salinity stress on plant C, N, and P stoichiometries. Moreover, determining the relationships between species relative species abundance and plant C, N, and P stoichiometries can help to understand the different adaptive strategies between the common and rare species as well as the community assembly process. METHODS We determined the plant C, N, P stoichiometries at the community and species levels and the relative abundance of species as well as the corresponding soil properties from five sampling sites along a soil salinity gradient in the Yellow River Delta, China. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We found that the C concentration of belowground part increased with soil salinity. Meanwhile, plant community N concentration and C:N ratio tended to decrease with soil salinity, whereas the P concentration, C:P, and N:P ratios exhibited the opposite trends. This indicated that N use efficiency increased, while P use efficiency decreased with soil salinity. Moreover, the decreased N:P ratio indicated that N limitation was gradually aggravated along the soil salinity gradient. The soil C:P ratio and P concentration were the major factors of plant C, N, and P stoichiometries in the early growth stage, whereas the soil pH and P concentration were the major factors of plant C, N, and P stoichiometries in the late growth stage. Compared with that of the rare species, the C:N:P stoichiometry of the most common species was medium. Moreover, the intraspecific variations in the aboveground part N:P ratio and belowground part C concentration showed a significant correlation with species' relative abundance, which indicated that higher intraspecific trait variation might facilitate greater fitness and survival opportunities in environments with high heterogeneity. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that the plant community C:N:P stoichiometry and its determining soil properties varied with plant tissues as well as sampling seasons, and emphasized the importance of intraspecific variation in determining the functional response of plant communities to salinity stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Jiang
- Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying, China
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Xiaojun Han
- Binzhou Yellow River Irrigation Management Service Center, Binzhou, China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Shoujin Fan
- Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying, China
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Xuejie Zhang
- Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying, China
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao Y, Li T, Liu J, Sun J, Zhang P. Ecological stoichiometry, salt ions and homeostasis characteristics of different types of halophytes and soils. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:990246. [PMID: 36311082 PMCID: PMC9606715 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.990246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Studying eco-stoichiometric and salt ions characteristics of halophytes and soils is helpful to understand the distribution mechanism of nutrients and salts in halophytes and their adaptation strategies to salinized habitats. In this study, three different types of halophytes (Phragmites communis-salt repellent, Suaeda salsa-salt accumulating, and Aeluropus sinensis- salt secreting) and soils were selected to analyze the differences and correlations of C, N, P stoichiometry and salt accumulation. Results showed that: (1) the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) contents of the three halophytes' leaves were significantly higher than those of the roots and stems, and the C: N ratios were contrary to the difference mentioned above. The growth of P. communis and S. salsa was mainly limited by P, whereas A. sinensis was limited by both N and P. S. salsa had a stronger absorption capacity for Na+ and Mg2+ than P. communis and A. sinensis. The interrelationship between salt ions and C, N and P ecological stoichiometry of halophyte organs was influenced by the type of halophytes. (2) The TC, TN, and N: P contents of the three halophyte communities in the surface soil (0-20 cm) were significantly higher than the other soil layers, while P did not differ significantly among soil layers. The planting of different halophytes affected the TC, TN, C: N, N: P values and the content of seven ions in the surface soil. SO4 2-was positively correlated with soil TC, TN, N:P, and Na+ were positively correlated with soil TC in three halophytes. (3) The P. communis TC and A. sinensis TN contents were negatively correlated with soil TC, TN, C: P, and N: P, whereas TC contents of S. salsa were positively correlated with the aforementioned soil indicators. The P. communis and A. sinensis TC contents were negatively correlated with soil K+, while this correlation was opposite between S. salsa and soil. (4) The homeostasis of C, N, and P elements in all three halophytes showed that C > N > P, the homeostasis was strongest in A. sinensis and weakest in S. salsa. The results provide a theoretical basis for the restoration of saline land in the Yellow River Delta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinghan Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Tian Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Junhan Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Jingkuan Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| |
Collapse
|