Long non-coding RNA HCAR promotes endochondral bone repair by upregulating VEGF and MMP13 in hypertrophic chondrocyte through sponging miR-15b-5p

MicroRNAs in osteoblast differentiation and fracture healing: From pathogenesis to therapeutic implication

The term "fracture" pertains to the occurrence of bones being either fully or partially disrupted as a result of external forces. Prolonged fracture healing can present a notable danger to the patient's general health and overall quality of life. The significance of osteoblasts in the process of new bone formation is widely recognized, and optimizing their function could be a desirable strategy. Therefore, the mending of bone fractures is intricately linked to the processes of osteogenic differentiation and mineralization. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are RNA molecules that do not encode for proteins, but rather modulate the functioning of physiological processes by directly targeting proteins. The participation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in experimental investigations has been extensive, and their control functions have earned them the recognition as primary regulators of the human genome. Earlier studies have shown that modulating the expression of miRNAs, either by increasing or decreasing their levels, can initiate the differentiation of osteoblasts. This implies that miRNAs play a pivotal function in promoting osteogenesis, facilitating bone mineralization and formation, ultimately leading to an efficient healing of fractures. Hence, focusing on miRNAs can be considered a propitious therapeutic approach to accelerate the healing of fractures and forestall nonunion. In this manner, the information supplied by this investigation has the potential to aid in upcoming clinical utilization, including its possible use as biomarkers or as resources for devising innovative therapeutic tactics aimed at promoting fracture healing.

Circ_0114581 promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via the MiR-155-5p/HNRNPA3 axis

Osteoporosis (OP) is a common metabolic bone disease characterized by deterioration of bone tissue structure, reduction of bone mass, and susceptibility to fracture. More and new suitable therapeutic targets need to be discovered. The purpose of this study was to explore the ceRNA mechanisms of circRNAs involved in osteoporosis. In this study, a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network was obtained through the application of OP-related high throughput data sets. Our results provided evidence that HNRNPA3 was involved in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs. Testing of human bone tissues and ovariectomized mice bones proved that its expression level was negatively correlated with OP. The utilization of miRNA mimic or inhibitor proved that miR-155-5p could negatively regulate the expression of HNRNPA3, while overexpression of hsa_circ_0114581 with a circRNA overexpression vector proved that hsa_circ_0114581 could indirectly promoted HNRNPA3 expression and osteogenic differentiation by sponging hsa-miR-155-5p. A serious of luciferase reporter assay experiments further verified the binding site between miR-155-5p and HNRNPA3 and the binding site between miR-155-5p and hsa_circ_0114581. This study proved that the hsa_circ_0114581/hsa-miR-155-5p/HNRNPA3 axis was related with OP. The results reveal valuable insights into the pathogenesis of OP and noncoding RNA markers that may have a treatment role and will help to provide hypotheses for future studies.

Roles of long non-coding RNAs in angiogenesis-related diseases: Focusing on non-neoplastic aspects

Angiogenesis is a key process in organ and tissue morphogenesis, as well as growth during human development, and is coordinated by pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. When this balance is affected, the related physiological and pathological changes lead to disease. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an important class of non-coding RNAs that do not encode proteins, but play a dynamic role in regulating gene expression. LncRNAs have been reported to be extensively involved in angiogenesis, particularly tumor angiogenesis. The non-tumor aspects have received relatively little attention and summary, but there is a broad space for research and exploration on lncRNA-targeted angiogenesis in this area. In this review, we focus on lncRNAs in angiogenesis-related diseases other than tumors, such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetic complications, hypertension, osteoporosis, dermatosis, as well as, endocrine, neurological, and other systemic disorders. Moreover, multiple cell types have been implicated in lncRNA-targeted angiogenesis, but only endothelial cells have attracted widespread attention. Thus, we explore the roles of other cells. Finally, we summarize the potential research directions in the area of lncRNAs and angiogenesis that can be undertaken by combining cutting-edge technology and interdisciplinary research, which will provide new insights into the involvement of lncRNAs in angiogenesis-related diseases.

[Regulation of non-coding RNA in type H vessels angiogenesis of bone]

Objective

To summarize the regulatory effect of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) on type H vessels angiogenesis of bone.

Methods

Recent domestic and foreign related literature about the regulation of ncRNA in type H vessels angiogenesis was widely reviewed and summarized.

Results

Type H vessels is a special subtype of bone vessels with the ability to couple bone formation. At present, the research on ncRNA regulating type H vessels angiogenesis in bone diseases mainly focuses on microRNA, long ncRNA, and small interfering RNA, which can affect the expressions of hypoxia inducible factor 1α, platelet derived growth factor BB, slit guidance ligand 3, and other factors through their own unique ways of action, thus regulating type H vessels angiogenesis and participating in the occurrence and development of bone diseases.

Conclusion

At present, the mechanism of ncRNA regulating bone type H vessels angiogenesis has been preliminarily explored. With the deepening of research, ncRNA is expected to be a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of vascular related bone diseases.

The regulatory role and mechanism of lncTUG1 on cartilage apoptosis and inflammation in osteoarthritis

BACKGROUND

Long-stranded non-coding RNA TUG1 is lowly expressed in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. This study aimed to elucidate the role of TUG1 in osteoarthritic cartilage damage and the underlying mechanisms.

METHODS

Combined database analysis, using primary chondrocytes as well as the C28/I2 cell line, was performed by qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence to determine the expression of TUG1, miR-144-3p, DUSP1, and other target proteins. Dual luciferase reporter gene and RIP to verify direct interaction of TUG1 with miR-144-3-p and miR-144-3-p with DUSP1, Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining to detect apoptosis. CCK-8 to detect cell proliferation. The biological significance of TUG1, miR-144-3p, and DUSP1 was assessed in vitro experiments using siRNA for TUG1, mimic and repressor for miR-144-3p, and overexpression plasmid for DUSP1. In this study, all data were subjected to a t-test or one-way analysis of variance with a p-value < 0.05 as the cutoff.

RESULTS

TUG1 expression was closely associated with osteoarthritic chondrocyte damage, and knockdown of TUG1 significantly promoted chondrocyte apoptosis and inflammation. In the present study, we found that TUG1 inhibited chondrocyte apoptosis and inflammation by competitively binding miR-144-3p, deregulating the negative regulatory effect of miR-144-3p on DUSP1, promoting DUSP1 expression, and inhibiting the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.

CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, our study clarifies the role of the ceRNA regulatory network of TUG1/miR-144-3p/DUSP1/P38 MAPK in OA cartilage injury and provides an experimental and theoretical basis for genetic engineering tools to promote articular cartilage repair.

A Comprehensive Review on Function of miR-15b-5p in Malignant and Non-Malignant Disorders

miR-15b-5p is encoded by MIR15B gene. This gene is located on cytogenetic band 3q25.33. This miRNA participates in the pathogenesis of several cancers as well as non-malignant conditions, such as abdominal aortic aneurysm, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury, coronary artery disease, dexamethasone induced steatosis, diabetic complications and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. In malignant conditions, both oncogenic and tumor suppressor impacts have been described for miR-15b-5p. Dysregulation of miR-15b-5p in clinical samples has been associated with poor outcome in different kinds of cancers. In this review, we discuss the role of miR-15b-5p in malignant and non-malignant conditions.