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Ye F, Yuan Z, Tang Y, Li J, Liu X, Sun X, Chen S, Ye X, Zeng Z, Zhang XK, Zhou H. Endocytic activation and exosomal secretion of matriptase stimulate the second wave of EGF signaling to promote skin and breast cancer invasion. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114002. [PMID: 38547126 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The dysfunction of matriptase, a membrane-anchored protease, is highly related to the progression of skin and breast cancers. Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced matriptase activation and cancer invasion are known but with obscure mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate a vesicular-trafficking-mediated interplay between matriptase and EGF signaling in cancer promotion. We found that EGF induces matriptase to undergo endocytosis together with the EGF receptor, followed by acid-induced activation in endosomes. Activated matriptase is then secreted extracellularly on exosomes to catalyze hepatocyte growth factor precursor (pro-HGF) cleavage, resulting in autocrine HGF/c-Met signaling. Matriptase-induced HGF/c-Met signaling represents the second signal wave of EGF, which promotes cancer cell scattering, migration, and invasion. These findings demonstrate a role of vesicular trafficking in efficient activation and secretion of membrane matriptase and a reciprocal regulation of matriptase and EGF signaling in cancer promotion, providing insights into the physiological functions of vesicular trafficking and the molecular pathological mechanisms of skin and breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhikang Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Ying Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jiamei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xingxing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xuedi Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xiaohong Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; High Throughput Drug Screening Platform, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhiping Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; High Throughput Drug Screening Platform, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xiao-Kun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; High Throughput Drug Screening Platform, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; High Throughput Drug Screening Platform, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
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Huang N, Wang Q, Bernard RB, Chen CY, Hu JM, Wang JK, Chan KS, Johnson MD, Lin CY. SPINT2 mutations in the Kunitz domain 2 found in SCSD patients inactivate HAI-2 as prostasin inhibitor via abnormal protein folding and N-glycosylation. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:752-767. [PMID: 38271183 PMCID: PMC11031362 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor HAI-2, encoded by SPINT2, are responsible for the pathogenesis of syndromic congenital sodium diarrhea (SCSD), an intractable secretory diarrhea of infancy. Some of the mutations cause defects in the functionally required Kunitz domain 1 and/or subcellular targeting signals. Almost all SCSD patients, however, harbor SPINT2 missense mutations that affect the functionally less important Kunitz domain 2. How theses single amino acid substitutions inactivate HAI-2 was, here, investigated by the doxycycline-inducible expression of three of these mutants in HAI-2-knockout Caco-2 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Examining protein expressed from these HAI-2 mutants reveals that roughly 50% of the protein is synthesized as disulfide-linked oligomers that lose protease inhibitory activity due to the distortion of the Kunitz domains by disarrayed disulfide bonding. Although the remaining protein is synthesized as monomers, its glycosylation status suggests that the HAI-2 monomer remains in the immature, lightly glycosylated form, and is not converted to the heavily glycosylated mature form. Heavily glycosylated HAI-2 possesses full anti-protease activity and appropriate subcellular targeting signals, including the one embedded in the complex-type N-glycan. As predicted, these HAI-2 mutants cannot suppress the excessive prostasin proteolysis caused by HAI-2 deletion. The oligomerization and glycosylation defects have also been observed in a colorectal adenocarcinoma line that harbors one of these SPINT2 missense mutations. Our study reveals that the abnormal protein folding and N-glycosylation can cause widespread HAI-2 inactivation in SCSD patents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxi Huang
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road NW W422 New Research Building, Washington DC 20057, United States
| | - Qiaochu Wang
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road NW W422 New Research Building, Washington DC 20057, United States
| | - Robert B Bernard
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road NW W422 New Research Building, Washington DC 20057, United States
| | - Chao-Yang Chen
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, sec. 6, Minquan E. Road, Neihu Dist. Taipei City 11490, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, No. 325, Sec. 2, Chenggon Road, Neihu Dist. Taipei City 114202, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Je-Ming Hu
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, sec. 6, Minquan E. Road, Neihu Dist. Taipei City 11490, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, No. 325, Sec. 2, Chenggon Road, Neihu Dist. Taipei City 114202, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, sec. 6, Minquan E. Neihu Dist. Taipei City 11490, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jehng-Kang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, sec. 6, Minquan E. Road, Taipei City, 11490, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Khee-Siang Chan
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, No. 901, Zhonghua Road, Yongkang Dist., Tainan City, 71004, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Michael D Johnson
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road NW W422 New Research Building, Washington DC 20057, United States
| | - Chen-Yong Lin
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road NW W422 New Research Building, Washington DC 20057, United States
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3
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Jones VT, Graves-Deal R, Cao Z, Bogatcheva G, Ramirez MA, Harmych SJ, Higginbotham JN, Sharma V, Damalanka VC, Wahoski CC, Joshi N, Irudayam MJ, Roland JT, Ayers GD, Liu Q, Coffey RJ, Janetka JW, Singh B. Inhibition of autocrine HGF maturation overcomes cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:28. [PMID: 38212428 PMCID: PMC10784391 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Although amplifications and mutations in receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) act as bona fide oncogenes, in most cancers, RTKs maintain moderate expression and remain wild-type. Consequently, cognate ligands control many facets of tumorigenesis, including resistance to anti-RTK therapies. Herein, we show that the ligands for the RTKs MET and RON, HGF and HGFL, respectively, are synthesized as inactive precursors that are activated by cellular proteases. Our newly generated HGF/HGFL protease inhibitors could overcome both de novo and acquired cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC). Conversely, HGF overexpression was necessary and sufficient to induce cetuximab resistance and loss of polarity. Moreover, HGF-induced cetuximab resistance could be overcome by the downstream MET inhibitor, crizotinib, and upstream protease inhibitors. Additionally, HAI-1, an endogenous inhibitor of HGF proteases, (i) was downregulated in CRC, (ii) exhibited increased genomic methylation that correlated with poor prognosis, (iii) HAI-1 expression correlated with cetuximab response in a panel of cancer cell lines, and (iv) exogenous addition of recombinant HAI-1 overcame cetuximab resistance in CC-HGF cells. Thus, we describe a targetable, autocrine HAI-1/Protease/HGF/MET axis in cetuximab resistance in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Truong Jones
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 10465J, MRB IV, 2213 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0441, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ramona Graves-Deal
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 10465J, MRB IV, 2213 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0441, USA
| | - Zheng Cao
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 10465J, MRB IV, 2213 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0441, USA
| | - Galina Bogatcheva
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 10465J, MRB IV, 2213 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0441, USA
| | - Marisol A Ramirez
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sarah J Harmych
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 10465J, MRB IV, 2213 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0441, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - James N Higginbotham
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 10465J, MRB IV, 2213 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0441, USA
| | - Vineeta Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 10465J, MRB IV, 2213 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0441, USA
| | - Vishnu C Damalanka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Claudia C Wahoski
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 10465J, MRB IV, 2213 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0441, USA
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Neeraj Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 10465J, MRB IV, 2213 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0441, USA
| | - Maria Johnson Irudayam
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 10465J, MRB IV, 2213 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0441, USA
| | - Joseph T Roland
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Gregory D Ayers
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 10465J, MRB IV, 2213 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0441, USA
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - James W Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Bhuminder Singh
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 10465J, MRB IV, 2213 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0441, USA.
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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4
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Lu DD, Huang N, Li SWA, Fang JR, Lai CH, Wang JK, Chan KS, Johnson MD, Lin CY. HAI-1 is required for the novel role of FGFBP1 in maintenance of cell morphology and F-actin rearrangement in human keratinocytes. Hum Cell 2023:10.1007/s13577-023-00906-6. [PMID: 37076641 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Formation and maintenance of skin barrier function require tightly controlled membrane-associated proteolysis, in which the integral membrane Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor, HAI-1, functions as the primary inhibitor of the membrane-associated serine proteases, matriptase and prostasin. Previously, HAI-1 loss in HaCaT human keratinocytes resulted in an expected increase in prostasin proteolysis but a paradoxical decrease in matriptase proteolysis. The paradoxical decrease in shed active matriptase is further investigated in this study with an unexpected discovery of novel functions of fibroblast growth factor-binding protein 1 (FGFBP1), which acts as an extracellular ligand that can rapidly elicit F-actin rearrangement and subsequently affect the morphology of human keratinocytes. This novel growth factor-like function is in stark contrast to the canonical activity of this protein through interactions with FGFs for its pathophysiological functions. This discovery began with the observation that HAI-1 KO HaCaT cells lose the characteristic cobblestone morphology of the parental cells and exhibit aberrant F-actin formation along with altered subcellular targeting of matriptase and HAI-2. The alterations in cell morphology and F-actin status caused by targeted HAI-1 deletion can be restored by treatment with conditioned medium from parental HaCaT cells, in which FGFBP1 was identified by tandem mass spectrometry. Recombinant FGFBP1 down to 1 ng/ml was able to revert the changes caused by HAI-1 loss. Our study reveals a novel function of FGFBP1 in the maintenance of keratinocyte morphology, which depends on HAI-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajun D Lu
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, W422 Research Building, Georgetown University, W416 Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Nanxi Huang
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, W422 Research Building, Georgetown University, W416 Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Sheng-Wen A Li
- School of Medicine National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Jessica R Fang
- , Winston Churchill High School, Potomac, MD, 20854, USA
| | - Chih-Hsin Lai
- Department of Dentistry Renai Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Jehng-Kang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Khee-Siang Chan
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, No.901, Chung-Hwa Road, Yung-Kang District, Tainan City, 71004, Taiwan.
| | - Michael D Johnson
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, W422 Research Building, Georgetown University, W416 Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Chen-Yong Lin
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, W422 Research Building, Georgetown University, W416 Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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5
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Huang N, Wang Q, Chen CY, Hu JM, Wang JK, Chang PY, Johnson MD, Lin CY. N-glycosylation on Asn-57 is required for the correct HAI-2 protein folding and protease inhibitory activity. Glycobiology 2023; 33:203-214. [PMID: 36637420 PMCID: PMC10114645 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor (HAI)-2 is an integral membrane Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor that regulates the proteolysis of matriptase and prostasin in a cell-type selective manner. The cell-type selective nature of HAI-2 function depends largely on whether the inhibitor and potential target enzymes are targeted to locations in close proximity. The N-glycan moiety of HAI-2 can function as a subcellular targeting signal. HAI-2 is synthesized with 1 of 2 different N-glycan modifications: one of oligomannose-type, which largely remains in the endoplasmic reticulum/GA, and another of complex-type, which is targeted toward the apical surface in vesicle-like structures, and could function as an inhibitor of matriptase and prostasin. HAI-2 contains 2 putative N-glycosylation sites, Asn-57 and Asn-94, point mutations of which were generated and characterized in this study. The protein expression profile of the HAI-2 mutants indicates that Asn-57, and not Asn-94, is responsible for the N-glycosylation of both HAI-2 species, suggesting that the form with oligomannose-type N-glycan is the precursor of the form with complex-type N-glycan. Unexpectedly, the vast majority of non-glycosylated HAI-2 is synthesized into multiple disulfide-linked oligomers, which lack protease inhibitory function, likely due to distorted conformations caused by the disarrayed disulfide linkages. Although forced expression of HAI-2 in HAI-2 knockout cells artificially enhances HAI-2 oligomerization, disulfide-linked HAI-2 oligomers can also be observed in unmodified cells. These results suggest that N-glycosylation on Asn-57 is required for folding into a functional HAI-2 with full protease suppressive activity and correct subcellular targeting signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxi Huang
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Qiaochu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Chao-Yang Chen
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Je-Ming Hu
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jehng-Kang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ping-Ying Chang
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of internal medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Michael D Johnson
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Chen-Yong Lin
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
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Huang N, Barndt RB, Lu DD, Wang Q, Huang SM, Wang JK, Chang PY, Chen CY, Hu JM, Su HC, Johnson MD, Lin CY. The difference in the intracellular Arg/Lys-rich and EHLVY motifs contributes to distinct subcellular distribution of HAI-1 versus HAI-2. Hum Cell 2021; 35:163-178. [PMID: 34643933 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The integral membrane, Kunitz-type, serine protease inhibitors, HAI-1 and HAI-2, closely resemble one another structurally and with regard to their specificity and potency against proteases. Structural complementarity between the Kunitz domains and serine protease domains renders the membrane-associated serine proteases, matriptase and prostasin, the primary target proteases of the HAIs. The shared biochemical enzyme-inhibitor relationships are, however, at odds with their behavior at the cellular level, where HAI-1 appears to be the default inhibitor of these proteases and HAI-2 a cell-type-selective inhibitor, even though they are widely co-expressed. The limited motility of these proteins caused by their membrane anchorages may require their co-localization within a certain distance to allow the establishment of a cellular level functional relationship between the proteases and the inhibitors. The differences in their subcellular localization with HAI-1 both inside the cell and on the cell surface, compared to HAI-2 predominately in intracellular granules has, therefore, been implicated in the differential manner of their control of matriptase and prostasin proteolysis. The targeting signals present in the intracellular domains of the HAIs are systematically investigated herein. Studies involving domain swap and point mutation, in combination with immunocytochemistry and cell surface biotinylation/avidin depletion, reveal that the different subcellular localization between the HAIs can largely be attributed to differences in the intracellular Arg/Lys-rich and EHLVY motifs. These intrinsic differences in the targeting signal render the HAIs as two independent rather than redundant proteolysis regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxi Huang
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412, W416 Research Building 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Robert B Barndt
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412, W416 Research Building 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Dajun D Lu
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412, W416 Research Building 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Qiaochu Wang
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412, W416 Research Building 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Shih-Ming Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jehng-Kang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ping-Ying Chang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chao-Yang Chen
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Je-Ming Hu
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Chen Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Michael D Johnson
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412, W416 Research Building 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Chen-Yong Lin
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, W412, W416 Research Building 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
- Department of Pharmacy, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
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7
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Barndt RB, Lee MJ, Huang N, Lu DD, Lee SC, Du PW, Chang CC, Tsai PFB, Huang YSK, Chang HM, Wang JK, Lai CH, Johnson MD, Lin CY. Targeted HAI-2 deletion causes excessive proteolysis with prolonged active prostasin and depletion of HAI-1 monomer in intestinal but not epidermal epithelial cells. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:1833-1850. [PMID: 34089062 PMCID: PMC8444455 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of SPINT2, the gene encoding the integral membrane, Kunitz-type serine inhibitor HAI-2, primarily affect the intestine, while sparing many other HAI-2-expressing tissues, causing sodium loss in patients with syndromic congenital sodium diarrhea. The membrane-bound serine protease prostasin was previously identified as a HAI-2 target protease in intestinal tissues but not in the skin. In both tissues, the highly related inhibitor HAI-1 is, however, the default inhibitor for prostasin and the type 2 transmembrane serine protease matriptase. This cell-type selective functional linkage may contribute to the organ-selective damage associated with SPINT 2 mutations. To this end, the impact of HAI-2 deletion on matriptase and prostasin proteolysis was, here, compared using Caco-2 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and HaCaT human keratinocytes. Greatly enhanced prostasin proteolytic activity with a prolonged half-life and significant depletion of HAI-1 monomer were observed with HAI-2 loss in Caco-2 cells but not HaCaT cells. The constitutive, high level prostasin zymogen activation observed in Caco-2 cells, but not in HaCaT cells, also contributes to the excessive prostasin proteolytic activity caused by HAI-2 loss. HAI-2 deletion also caused increased matriptase zymogen activation, likely as an indirect result of increased prostasin proteolysis. This increase in activated matriptase, however, only had a negligible role in depletion of HAI-1 monomer. Our study suggests that the constitutive, high level of prostasin zymogen activation and the cell-type selective functional relationship between HAI-2 and prostasin renders Caco-2 cells more susceptible than HaCaT cells to the loss of HAI-2, causing a severe imbalance favoring prostasin proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Barndt
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Mon-Juan Lee
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Science Industries, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan
| | - Nanxi Huang
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Dajun D Lu
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - See-Chi Lee
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Po-Wen Du
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chia Chang
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Feng B Tsai
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Siou K Huang
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ming Chang
- Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Jehng-Kang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Lai
- Department of Dentistry Renai Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Michael D Johnson
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Chen-Yong Lin
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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