1
|
Zhao P, Zhu K, Xie C, Liu S, Chen X. Role and clinical value of serum hsa_tsr011468 in lung adenocarcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2024; 30:226. [PMID: 39364758 PMCID: PMC11485271 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Transfer RNA‑derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are novel non‑coding RNAs that are associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases. However, their association with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has not been studied comprehensively. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the diagnostic value of a tsRNA, hsa_tsr011468, in LUAD. The OncotRF database was used to screen tsRNAs and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR) was performed to detect the expression levels of hsa_tsr011468 in various samples. Subsequently, the diagnostic and prognostic values of hsa_tsr011468 for LUAD were determined via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and survival curve analyses, and by assessing clinicopathological parameters. In addition, both nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA were extracted to assess the location of hsa_tsr011468. The OncotRF database identified high expression of hsa_tsr011468 in LUAD. In addition, the results of RT‑qPCR showed that the relative expression levels of hsa_tsr011468 in the serum and tissues of patients with LUAD were higher than those in normal controls. Furthermore, its expression was lower in postoperative serum samples than in preoperative serum samples from patients with LUAD. ROC and survival curves indicated that hsa_tsr011468 had good diagnostic and prognostic value. Furthermore, the clinicopathological analysis revealed that hsa_tsr011468 was associated with tumor size. In addition, hsa_tsr011468 was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of LUAD cells. The present study indicated that hsa_tsr011468 has good diagnostic value and, therefore, could be employed as a serum marker for LUAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nantong First People's Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Kui Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nantong First People's Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Cuihua Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Rugao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Sinan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nantong First People's Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nantong First People's Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shen X, Xu S, Zheng Z, Liang W, Guo J. The regulatory role of tRNA-derived small RNAs in the prognosis of gastric cancer. Cell Signal 2024; 125:111511. [PMID: 39551416 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2024] [Revised: 11/09/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) including tRNA-derived stress-induced RNAs (tiRNAs) and tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs), with specific structure and enriched in body fluids, have been found to have specific biological functions. In this paper, the biogenesis, classification, subcellular localization, and biological functions of tsRNAs were summarized. It has been proved that tsRNAs affected tumor cells in proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion, and played roles in regulating the occurrence and development of various tumors. In gastric cancer (GC), the imbalance of tsRNAs, such as tRF-33-P4R8YP9LON4VDP, tRF-17-WS7K092, tRF-23-Q99P9P9NDD and others, was closely related to the clinicopathological characteristics of GC patients. Some tsRNAs, such as tRF-23-Q99P9P9NDD, tRF-31-U5YKFN8DYDZDD, and tRF-27-FDXXE6XRK45 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells. Other tsRNAs, such as tRF-41-YDLBRY73W0K5KKOVD, tRF-18-79MP9PO4, and tRF-Glu-TTC-027 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells. The tsRNAs played roles in the occurrence of GC were through several signaling pathways, such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT), Wnt-β-Catenin, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. These findings may provide new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoban Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shiyi Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhinuo Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Junming Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Q, Ying X, Huang Q, Wang Z, Duan S. Exploring the role of tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) in disease: implications for HIF-1 pathway modulation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:973-985. [PMID: 38850298 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) can be categorized into two main groups: tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) and tRNA-derived stress-induced RNAs (tiRNAs). Each group possesses specific molecular sizes, nucleotide compositions, and distinct physiological functions. Notably, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), a transcriptional activator dependent on oxygen, comprises one HIF-1β subunit and one HIF-α subunit (HIF-1α/HIF-2α/HIF-3α). The activation of HIF-1 plays a crucial role in gene transcription, influencing key aspects of cancer biology such as angiogenesis, cell survival, glucose metabolism, and invasion. The involvement of HIF-1α activation has been demonstrated in numerous human diseases, particularly cancer, making HIF-1 an attractive target for potential disease treatments. Through a series of experiments, researchers have identified two tiRNAs that interact with the HIF-1 pathway, impacting disease development: 5'tiRNA-His-GTG in colorectal cancer (CRC) and tiRNA-Val in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Specifically, 5'tiRNA-His-GTG promotes CRC development by targeting LATS2, while tiRNA-Val inhibits Sirt1, leading to HIF-1α accumulation and promoting DR development. Clinical data have further indicated that certain tsRNAs' expression levels are associated with the prognosis and pathological features of CRC patients. In CRC tumor tissues, the expression level of 5'tiRNA-His-GTG is significantly higher compared to normal tissues, and it shows a positive correlation with tumor size. Additionally, KEGG analysis has revealed multiple tRFs involved in regulating the HIF-1 pathway, including tRF-Val-AAC-016 in diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) and tRF-1001 in pathological ocular angiogenesis. This comprehensive article reviews the biological functions and mechanisms of tsRNAs related to the HIF-1 pathway in diseases, providing a promising direction for subsequent translational medicine research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qurui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China
| | - Xiaowei Ying
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China
| | - Qinyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mo D, Tang X, Ma Y, Chen D, Xu W, Jiang N, Zheng J, Yan F. tRNA-derived fragment 3'tRF-AlaAGC modulates cell chemoresistance and M2 macrophage polarization via binding to TRADD in breast cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:706. [PMID: 39080676 PMCID: PMC11290069 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05513-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug resistance, including Adriamycin-based therapeutic resistance, remains a challenge in breast cancer (BC) treatment. Studies have revealed that macrophages could play a pivotal role in mediating the chemoresistance of cancer cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that tRNA-Derived small RNAs (tDRs) are associated the physiological and pathological processes in multiple cancers. However, the underlying mechanisms of tDRs on chemoresistance of BC in tumor-associated macrophages remain largely unknown. METHODS The high-throughput sequencing technique was used to screen tDRs expression profile in BC cells. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments and xenograft models were performed to verify the biological function of 3'tRF-Ala-AGC in BC cells. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to investigate immune cell infiltration in BC tissues. To explore the role of 3'tRF-Ala-AGC in macrophages, M2 macrophages transfected with 3'tRF-Ala-AGC mimic or inhibitor were co-cultured with BC cells. Effects on Nuclear factor-κb (NF-κb) pathway were investigated by NF-κb nuclear translocation assay and western blot analysis. RNA pull-down assay was performed to identify 3'tRF-Ala-AGC interacting proteins. RESULTS A 3'tRF fragment of 3'tRF-AlaAGC was screened, which is significantly overexpressed in BC specimens and Adriamycin-resistant cells. 3'tRF-AlaAGC could promote cell malignant activity and facilitate M2 polarization of macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Higher expression of M2 macrophages were more likely to have lymph node metastasis and deeper invasion in BC patients. Mechanistically, 3'tRF-AlaAGC binds Type 1-associated death domain protein (TRADD) in BC cells, and suppression of TRADD partially abolished the enhanced effect of 3'tRF-AlaAGC mimic on phenotype of M2. The NF-κb signaling pathway was activated in BC cells co-cultured with M2 macrophages transfected with 3'tRF-AlaAGC mimic. CONCLUSIONS 3'tRF-AlaAGC might modulate macrophage polarization via binding to TRADD and increase the effect of M2 on promoting the chemoresistance in BC cells through NF-κb signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongping Mo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Baizi Ting No.42, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Baizi Ting No.42, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xun Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Baizi Ting No.42, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Baizi Ting No.42, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuyan Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Baizi Ting No.42, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Baizi Ting No.42, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dayu Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Baizi Ting No.42, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Weiguo Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Naning Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Baizi Ting No.42, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Baizi Ting No.42, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Baizi Ting No.42, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Baizi Ting No.42, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Junyu Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Baizi Ting No.42, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Baizi Ting No.42, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Baizi Ting No.42, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou M, He X, Zhang J, Mei C, Zhong B, Ou C. tRNA-derived small RNAs in human cancers: roles, mechanisms, and clinical application. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:76. [PMID: 38622694 PMCID: PMC11020452 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are a new type of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) produced by the specific cleavage of precursor or mature tRNAs. tsRNAs are involved in various basic biological processes such as epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translation regulation, thereby affecting the occurrence and development of various human diseases, including cancers. Recent studies have shown that tsRNAs play an important role in tumorigenesis by regulating biological behaviors such as malignant proliferation, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, immune response, tumor resistance, and tumor metabolism reprogramming. These may be new potential targets for tumor treatment. Furthermore, tsRNAs can exist abundantly and stably in various bodily fluids (e.g., blood, serum, and urine) in the form of free or encapsulated extracellular vesicles, thereby affecting intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Meanwhile, their abnormal expression is closely related to the clinicopathological features of tumor patients, such as tumor staging, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis of tumor patients; thus, tsRNAs can be served as a novel type of liquid biopsy biomarker. This review summarizes the discovery, production, and expression of tsRNAs and analyzes their molecular mechanisms in tumor development and potential applications in tumor therapy, which may provide new strategies for early diagnosis and targeted therapy of tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manli Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Departments of Ultrasound Imaging, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Cheng Mei
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Baiyun Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Chunlin Ou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu X, Bu C, Yang X, Jiang W, He X, Sun R, Guo H, Shang L, Ou C. Exosomal non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer metastasis. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 556:117849. [PMID: 38417779 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a type of gastrointestinal cancer with high morbidity and mortality rates, and is often accompanied by distant metastases. Metastasis is a major cause of shortened survival time and poor treatment outcomes for patients with CRC. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the metastasis of CRC remain unclear. Exosomes are a class of small extracellular vesicles that originate from almost all human cells and can transmit biological information (e.g., nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and metabolites) from secretory cells to target recipient cells. Recent studies have revealed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can be released by exosomes into the tumour microenvironment or specific tissues, and play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis by regulating a series of key molecules or signalling pathways, particularly those involved in tumour metastasis. Exosomal ncRNAs have potential as novel therapeutic targets for CRC metastasis, and can also be used as liquid biopsy biomarkers because of their specificity and sensitivity. Therefore, further investigations into the biological function and clinical value of exosomal ncRNAs will be of great value for the prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of CRC metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Yu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Chiwen Bu
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Guanyun County, Lianyungang 222200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuejie Yang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Wenying Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Departments of Ultrasound Imaging, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ru Sun
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Xichang 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongbin Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Li Shang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Chunlin Ou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang T, Zhao Y, Jiang G, Yang Z. tsRNA: A Promising Biomarker in Breast Cancer. J Cancer 2024; 15:2613-2626. [PMID: 38577588 PMCID: PMC10988313 DOI: 10.7150/jca.93531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are a novel class of non-coding small RNAs, generated from specific cleavage sites of tRNA or pre-tRNA. tsRNAs can directly participate in RNA silencing, transcription, translation, and other processes. Their dysregulation is closely related to the occurrence and development of various cancers. Breast cancer is one of the most common and fastest-growing malignant tumors in humans. tsRNAs have been found to be dysregulated in breast cancer, serving as a new target for exploring the pathogenesis of breast cancer. They are also considered new tumor markers, providing a basis for diagnosis and treatment. This article reviews the generation, classification, mechanism of action, function of tsRNAs, and their biological effects and related mechanisms in breast cancer, in the hope of providing a new direction for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Huang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Yuexin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Guoqin Jiang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Zhixue Yang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| |
Collapse
|