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Wu T, Yu GY, Xiao J, Yan C, Kurihara H, Li YF, So KF, He RR. Fostering efficacy and toxicity evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine and natural products: Chick embryo as a high throughput model bridging in vitro and in vivo studies. Pharmacol Res 2018; 133:21-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Yu P, Wang L, Tang F, Zeng L, Zhou L, Song X, Jia W, Chen J, Yang Q. Resveratrol Pretreatment Decreases Ischemic Injury and Improves Neurological Function Via Sonic Hedgehog Signaling After Stroke in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:212-226. [PMID: 26738852 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9639-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol has neuroprotective effects for ischemic cerebral stroke. However, its neuroprotective mechanism for stroke is less well understood. Beneficial actions of the activated Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway in stroke, such as improving neurological function, promoting neurogenesis, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and pro-angiogenic effects, have been noted, but relatively little is known about the role of Shh signaling in resveratrol-reduced cerebral ischemic injury after stroke. The present study tests whether the Shh pathway mediates resveratrol to decrease cerebral ischemic injury and improve neurological function after stroke. We observed that resveratrol pretreatment significantly improved neurological function, decreased infarct volume, enhanced vitality, and reduced apoptosis of neurons in vivo and vitro after stroke. Meanwhile, expression levels of Shh, Ptc-1, Smo, and Gli-1 mRNAs were significantly upregulated and Gli-1 was relocated to the nucleus. Intriguingly, in vivo and in vitro inhibition of the Shh signaling pathway with cyclopamine, a Smo inhibitor, completely reversed the above effects of resveratrol. These results suggest that decreased cerebral ischemic injury and improved neurological function by resveratrol may be mediated by the Shh signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Fanren Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Luling Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaosong Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Jixiang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China.
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Rana MS, Christoffels VM, Moorman AFM. A molecular and genetic outline of cardiac morphogenesis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 207:588-615. [PMID: 23297764 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Perturbations in cardiac development result in congenital heart disease, the leading cause of birth defect-related infant morbidity and mortality. Advances in cardiac developmental biology have significantly augmented our understanding of signalling pathways and transcriptional networks underlying heart formation. Cardiogenesis is initiated with the formation of mesodermal multipotent cardiac progenitor cells and is governed by cross-talk between developmental cues emanating from endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal cells. The molecular and transcriptional machineries that direct the specification and differentiation of these cardiac precursors are part of an evolutionarily conserved programme that includes the Nkx-, Gata-, Hand-, T-box- and Mef2 family of transcription factors. Unravelling the hierarchical networks governing the fate and differentiation of cardiac precursors is crucial for our understanding of congenital heart disease and future stem cell-based and gene therapies. Recent molecular and genetic lineage analyses have revealed that subpopulations of cardiac progenitor cells follow distinctive specification and differentiation paths, which determine their final contribution to the heart. In the last decade, progenitor cells that contribute to the arterial pole and right ventricle have received much attention, as abnormal development of these cells frequently results in congenital defects of the aortic and pulmonary outlets, representing the most commonly occurring congenital cardiac defects. In this review, we provide an overview of the building plan of the vertebrate four-chambered heart, with a special focus on cardiac progenitor cell specification, differentiation and deployment during arterial pole development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Rana
- Heart Failure Research Center; Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Physiology; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam; the Netherlands
| | - V. M. Christoffels
- Heart Failure Research Center; Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Physiology; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam; the Netherlands
| | - A. F. M. Moorman
- Heart Failure Research Center; Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Physiology; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam; the Netherlands
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Lin J, Wang C, Redies C. Expression of multiple delta-protocadherins during feather bud formation. Gene Expr Patterns 2013; 13:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Sonic hedgehog-dependent induction of microRNA 31 and microRNA 150 regulates Mycobacterium bovis BCG-driven toll-like receptor 2 signaling. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 33:543-56. [PMID: 23166298 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01108-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (HH) signaling is a significant regulator of cell fate decisions during embryogenesis, development, and perpetuation of various disease conditions. Testing whether pathogen-specific HH signaling promotes unique innate recognition of intracellular bacteria, we demonstrate that among diverse Gram-positive or Gram-negative microbes, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, a vaccine strain, elicits a robust activation of Sonic HH (SHH) signaling in macrophages. Interestingly, sustained tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) secretion by macrophages was essential for robust SHH activation, as TNF-α(-/-) macrophages exhibited compromised ability to activate SHH signaling. Neutralization of TNF-α or blockade of TNF-α receptor signaling significantly reduced the infection-induced SHH signaling activation both in vitro and in vivo. Intriguingly, activated SHH signaling downregulated M. bovis BCG-mediated Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling events to regulate a battery of genes associated with divergent functions of M1/M2 macrophages. Genome-wide expression profiling as well as conventional gain-of-function or loss-of-function analysis showed that SHH signaling-responsive microRNA 31 (miR-31) and miR-150 target MyD88, an adaptor protein of TLR2 signaling, thus leading to suppression of TLR2 responses. SHH signaling signatures could be detected in vivo in tuberculosis patients and M. bovis BCG-challenged mice. Collectively, these investigations identify SHH signaling to be what we believe is one of the significant regulators of host-pathogen interactions.
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GLI2 regulates TGF-β1 in human CD4+ T cells: implications in cancer and HIV pathogenesis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40874. [PMID: 22859956 PMCID: PMC3409217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of the immunoregulatory cytokine TGF-β1 in cancer and HIV infection have been linked to the suppression of protective immune responses. The transcriptional regulation of TGF-β1 is complex and still not completely understood. We report here for the first time that the transcription factor GLI2 regulates the expression of TGF-β1 in human CD4+ T cells. In silico screening revealed five novel putative GLI binding sites in the human TGF-β1 promoter. At least two of these sites within the human TGF-β1 promoter are regulated by the GLI2 activator as knockdown of GLI2 in regulatory CD4+CD25hi T cells, high producers of TGF-β1, significantly decreased TGF-β1 transcription. Additionally, naïve CD4+ T cells, low producers of TGF-β1, increased their basal level of TGF-β1 mRNA following lentiviral infection with GLI2. The transcriptional regulation of TGF-β1 by GLI2 is a new extension to Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) and TGF-β1 cross-regulation and may provide insight into the detrimental elevation of TGF-β1 leading to pathogenesis in cancer and HIV infection.
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Cervello M, McCubrey JA, Cusimano A, Lampiasi N, Azzolina A, Montalto G. Targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: novel agents on the horizon. Oncotarget 2012; 3:236-60. [PMID: 22470194 PMCID: PMC3359882 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer, accounting for 90% of primary liver cancers. In the last decade it has become one of the most frequently occurring tumors worldwide and is also considered to be the most lethal of the cancer systems, accounting for approximately one third of all malignancies. Although the clinical diagnosis and management of early-stage HCC has improved significantly, HCC prognosis is still extremely poor. Furthermore, advanced HCC is a highly aggressive tumor with a poor or no response to common therapies. Therefore, new effective and well-tolerated therapy strategies are urgently needed. Targeted therapies have entered the field of anti-neoplastic treatment and are being used on their own or in combination with conventional chemotherapy drugs. Molecular-targeted therapy holds great promise in the treatment of HCC. A new therapeutic opportunity for advanced HCC is the use of sorafenib (Nexavar). On the basis of the recent large randomized phase III study, the Sorafenib HCC Assessment Randomized Protocol (SHARP), sorafenib has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of advanced HCC. Sorafenib showed to be able to significantly increase survival in patients with advanced HCC, establishing a new standard of care. Despite this promising breakthrough, patients with HCC still have a dismal prognosis, as it is currently the major cause of death in cirrhotic patients. Nevertheless, the successful results of the SHARP trial underscore the need for a comprehensive understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of this devastating disease. In this review we summarize the most important studies on the signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of HCC, as well as the newest emerging drugs and their potential use in HCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, "Alberto Monroy" National Research Council (C.N.R), Palermo, Italy.
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Wang Q, Huang S, Yang L, Zhao L, Yin Y, Liu Z, Chen Z, Zhang H. Down-regulation of Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway activity is involved in 5-fluorouracil-induced apoptosis and motility inhibition in Hep3B cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2008.00456.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Davey MG, Tickle C. The chicken as a model for embryonic development. Cytogenet Genome Res 2007; 117:231-9. [PMID: 17675864 DOI: 10.1159/000103184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2006] [Accepted: 11/28/2006] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional strength of chicken embryos for studying development is that they are readily manipulated. This has led to some major discoveries in developmental biology such as the demonstration that the neural crest gives rise to almost the entire peripheral nervous system and the identification of signalling centres that specify the pattern of structures in the central nervous system and limb. More recently with the burgeoning discovery of developmentally important genes, chicken embryos have provided useful models for testing function. Uncovering the molecular basis of development provides direct links with clinical genetics. In addition, since many genes that have crucial roles in development are also expressed in tumours, basic research on chickens has implications for understanding human health and disease. Now that the chicken genome has been sequenced and genomic resources for chicken are becoming increasingly available, this opens up opportunities for combining these new technologies with the manipulability of chicken embryos and also exploiting comparative genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Davey
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Roslin Institute, Roslin Biocentre, Midlothian, UK
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