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Neustaeter A, Brito LF, Hanna WJB, Baird JD, Schenkel FS. Investigating the Genetic Background of Spastic Syndrome in North American Holstein Cattle Based on Heritability, Genome-Wide Association, and Functional Genomic Analyses. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1479. [PMID: 37510383 PMCID: PMC10378964 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Spastic syndrome is a chronic, progressive disorder of adult cattle characterized by episodes of sudden involuntary muscle contractions or spasms of the extensor and abductor muscles of one or both hind limbs. In this study, a case-control genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed on an adult Holstein cattle cohort. Based on the 50 K and high-density (HD) SNP panel GWAS, we identified 98 and 522 SNPs, respectively. The most significant genomic regions identified are located on BTA9 at approximately 87 megabase pairs (Mb) and BTA7 between 1 and 20 Mb. Functional analyses of significant SNPs identified genes associated with muscle contraction, neuron growth or regulation, and calcium or sodium ion movement. Two candidate genes (FIG4 and FYN) were identified. FIG4 is ubiquitously expressed in skeletal muscle and FYN is involved with processes such as forebrain development, neurogenesis, locomotion, neurogenesis, synapse development, neuron migration, and the positive regulation of neuron projection development. The CACNA1A gene, which codes for a calcium channel subunit protein in the calcium signaling pathway, seems the most compelling candidate gene, as many calcium ion channel disorders are non-degenerative, and produce spastic phenotypes. These results suggest that spastic syndrome is of polygenic inheritance, with important genomic areas of interest on BTA7 and BTA9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Neustaeter
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock (CGIL), Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Luiz F Brito
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock (CGIL), Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - W J Brad Hanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - John D Baird
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Flavio S Schenkel
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock (CGIL), Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Ménard C, Charnet P, Rousset M, Vignes M, Cens T. Cav2.1 C-terminal fragments produced in Xenopus laevis oocytes do not modify the channel expression and functional properties. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 51:1900-1913. [PMID: 31981388 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The sequence and genomic organization of the CACNA1A gene that encodes the Cav2.1 subunit of both P and Q-type Ca2+ channels are well conserved in mammals. In human, rat and mouse CACNA1A, the use of an alternative acceptor site at the exon 46-47 boundary results in the expression of a long Cav2.1 splice variant. In transfected cells, the long isoform of human Cav2.1 produces a C-terminal fragment, but it is not known whether this fragment affects Cav2.1 expression or functional properties. Here, we cloned the long isoform of rat Cav2.1 (Cav2.1(e47)) and identified a novel variant with a shorter C-terminus (Cav2.1(e47s)) that differs from those previously described in the rat and mouse. When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, Cav2.1(e47) and Cav2.1(e47s) displayed similar functional properties as the short isoform (Cav2.1). We show that Cav2.1 isoforms produced short (CT1) and long (CT1(e47)) C-terminal fragments that interacted in vivo with the auxiliary Cavβ4a subunit. Overexpression of the C-terminal fragments did not affect Cav2.1 expression and functional properties. Furthermore, the functional properties of a Cav2.1 mutant without the C-terminal Cavβ4 binding domain (Cav2.1ΔCT2) were similar to those of Cav2.1 and were not influenced by the co-expression of the missing fragments (CT2 or CT2(e47)). Our results exclude a functional role of the C-terminal fragments in Cav2.1 biophysical properties in an expression system widely used to study this channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Ménard
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Montpellier, France.,IBMM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Charnet
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Montpellier, France.,IBMM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthieu Rousset
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Montpellier, France.,IBMM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Vignes
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Montpellier, France.,IBMM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Cens
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Montpellier, France.,IBMM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Identification of microsatellites in cattle unigenes. J Genet Genomics 2008; 35:261-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s1673-8527(08)60037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Revised: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 02/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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