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Cesaro E, Lupo A, Rapuano R, Pastore A, Grosso M, Costanzo P. ZNF224 Protein: Multifaceted Functions Based on Its Molecular Partners. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206296. [PMID: 34684876 PMCID: PMC8537547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor ZNF224 is a Kruppel-like zinc finger protein that consists of 707 amino acids and contains 19 tandemly repeated C2H2 zinc finger domains that mediate DNA binding and protein-protein interactions. ZNF224 was originally identified as a transcriptional repressor of genes involved in energy metabolism, and it was demonstrated that ZNF224-mediated transcriptional repression needs the interaction of its KRAB repressor domain with the co-repressor KAP1 and its zinc finger domains 1-3 with the arginine methyltransferase PRMT5. Furthermore, the protein ZNF255 was identified as an alternative isoform of ZNF224 that possesses different domain compositions mediating distinctive functional interactions. Subsequent studies showed that ZNF224 is a multifunctional protein able to exert different transcriptional activities depending on the cell context and the variety of its molecular partners. Indeed, it has been shown that ZNF224 can act as a repressor, an activator and a cofactor for other DNA-binding transcription factors in different human cancers. Here, we provide a brief overview of the current knowledge on the multifaceted interactions of ZNF224 and the resulting different roles of this protein in various cellular contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cesaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Angelo Lupo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (A.L.); (R.R.)
| | - Roberta Rapuano
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (A.L.); (R.R.)
| | - Arianna Pastore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Michela Grosso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Paola Costanzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (P.C.)
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Cho JG, Park S, Lim CH, Kim HS, Song SY, Roh TY, Sung JH, Suh W, Ham SJ, Lim KH, Park SG. ZNF224, Krüppel like zinc finger protein, induces cell growth and apoptosis-resistance by down-regulation of p21 and p53 via miR-663a. Oncotarget 2018; 7:31177-90. [PMID: 27105517 PMCID: PMC5058748 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ZNF224 is a Krüppel-associated box-containing zinc-finger protein which represses gene transcription by interacting with various co-repressors. However, its consensus DNA sequences and target genes are not fully identified. In this study, we identified and characterized consensus DNA sequences containing 5′-CAGC-3′; recognized by ZNF224 through ChIP-sequencing, which further confirmed by ELISA, SPR, qPCR, and luciferase activity assay. ZNF224 increased miR-663a transcription by binding to miR-663a promoter, which in turn binds to 3′; UTR of p53 and p21 to decrease their expression. miR-663a antagonist abolished ZNF224-mediated suppression of p21 and p53, resulting in the enhanced apoptosis by CPT. The analyses using human breast ductal carcinoma tissues exhibited that the expression of ZNF224 and miR-663a was increased in cancer compared to non-cancer region. Consequently, ZNF224 increases cell survival and decreases apoptosis by decreasing the expression of p53 and p21 via miR-663a as a transcriptional activator. Taken together, we identified and characterized DNA binding element of ZNF224, and its target genes, miR-663a, which provides a novel insight in the down-regulation of p21 and p53 via miR-663a by ZNF224 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gu Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Sungnam-si, Gyunggi-do, Korea.,Laboratory for Tracing of Gene Function, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyunggi-do, Korea
| | - Seho Park
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chae Hyun Lim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Hong Sook Kim
- Laboratory for Tracing of Gene Function, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyunggi-do, Korea
| | - Seung Yong Song
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Young Roh
- Division of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Sung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Wonhee Suh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Jin Ham
- Division of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Key-Hwan Lim
- Laboratory for Tracing of Gene Function, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyunggi-do, Korea
| | - Sang Gyu Park
- Laboratory for Tracing of Gene Function, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyunggi-do, Korea
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Cesaro E, Sodaro G, Montano G, Grosso M, Lupo A, Costanzo P. The Complex Role of the ZNF224 Transcription Factor in Cancer. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2016; 107:191-222. [PMID: 28215224 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
ZNF224 is a member of the Kruppel-associated box zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs) family. It was originally identified as a transcriptional repressor involved in gene-specific silencing through the recruitment of the corepressor KAP1, chromatin-modifying activities, and the arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 on the promoter of its target genes. Recent findings indicate that ZNF224 can behave both as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene in different human cancers. The transcriptional regulatory properties of ZNF224 in these systems appear to be complex and influenced by specific sets of interactors. ZNF224 can also act as a transcription cofactor for other DNA-binding proteins. A role for ZNF224 in transcriptional activation has also emerged. Here, we review the state of the literature supporting both roles of ZNF224 in cancer. We also examine the functional activity of ZNF224 as a transcription factor and the influence of protein partners on its dual behavior. Increasing information on the mechanism through which ZNF224 can operate could lead to the identification of agents capable of modulating ZNF224 function, thus potentially paving the way to new therapeutic strategies for treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cesaro
- University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G Sodaro
- University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G Montano
- BioMedical Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Grosso
- University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - A Lupo
- University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - P Costanzo
- University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Krüppel-Like Factor 4 Is a Regulator of Proinflammatory Signaling in Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes through Increased IL-6 Expression. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:1062586. [PMID: 27413250 PMCID: PMC4928008 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1062586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human fibroblast-like synoviocytes play a vital role in joint synovial inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Proinflammatory cytokines induce fibroblast-like synoviocyte activation and dysfunction. The inflammatory mediator Krüppel-like factor 4 is upregulated during inflammation and plays an important role in endothelial and macrophage activation during inflammation. However, the role of Krüppel-like factor 4 in fibroblast-like synoviocyte activation and RA inflammation remains to be defined. In this study, we identify the notion that Krüppel-like factor 4 is higher expressed in synovial tissues and fibroblast-like synoviocytes from RA patients than those from osteoarthritis patients. In vitro, the expression of Krüppel-like factor 4 in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes is induced by proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α. Overexpression of Krüppel-like factor 4 in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes robustly induced interleukin-6 production in the presence or absence of tumor necrosis factor-α. Conversely, knockdown of Krüppel-like factor 4 markedly attenuated interleukin-6 production in the presence or absence of tumor necrosis factor-α. Krüppel-like factor 4 not only can bind to and activate the interleukin-6 promoter, but also may interact directly with nuclear factor-kappa B. These results suggest that Krüppel-like factor 4 may act as a transcription factor mediating the activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in RA by inducing interleukin-6 expression in response to tumor necrosis factor-α.
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The zinc finger protein ZNF658 regulates the transcription of genes involved in zinc homeostasis and affects ribosome biogenesis through the zinc transcriptional regulatory element. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:977-87. [PMID: 25582195 PMCID: PMC4333095 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01298-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously identified the ZTRE (zinc transcriptional regulatory element) in genes involved in zinc homeostasis and showed that it mediates transcriptional repression in response to zinc. We now report that ZNF658 acts at the ZTRE. ZNF658 was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry of a band excised after electrophoretic mobility shift assay using a ZTRE probe. The protein contains a KRAB domain and 21 zinc fingers. It has similarity with ZAP1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which regulates the response to zinc restriction, including a conserved DNA binding region we show to be functional also in ZNF658. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeted to ZNF658 abrogated the zinc-induced, ZTRE-dependent reduction in SLC30A5 (ZnT5 gene), SLC30A10 (ZnT10 gene), and CBWD transcripts in human Caco-2 cells and the ability of zinc to repress reporter gene expression from corresponding promoter-reporter constructs. Microarray analysis of the effect of reducing ZNF658 expression by siRNA uncovered a large decrease in rRNA. We find that ZTREs are clustered within the 45S rRNA precursor. We also saw effects on expression of multiple ribosomal proteins. ZNF658 thus links zinc homeostasis with ribosome biogenesis, the most active transcriptional, and hence zinc-demanding, process in the cell. ZNF658 is thus a novel transcriptional regulator that plays a fundamental role in the orchestrated cellular response to zinc availability.
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Wang W, Cai J, Lin Y, Liu Z, Ren Q, Hu L, Huang Z, Guo M, Li W. Zinc fingers function cooperatively with KRAB domain for nuclear localization of KRAB-containing zinc finger proteins. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92155. [PMID: 24647005 PMCID: PMC3960175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple nuclear localization domains have been identified in nuclear proteins, and they finely control nuclear import and functions of those proteins. ZNF268 is a typical KRAB-containing zinc finger protein (KRAB-ZFP), and previous studies have shown that the KRAB domain reinforces nuclear localization of KRAB-ZFPs by interacting with KAP1. In this study, we find that some of 24 zinc fingers of ZNF268 also possess nuclear localization activity. Results of mutagenesis studies suggest that KRAB and zinc fingers are both necessary, and they function both independently and cooperatively for the nuclear localization of ZNF268. However, the subnuclear targeting activities of KRAB and zinc fingers are different. KRAB targets proteins in nucleoplasm, but not in the nucleolus, which is mediated by interaction with KAP1, while zinc fingers target proteins in the whole nucleus uniformly. The cooperative activities of KAP1-KRAB-zinc fingers result in the precise nucleoplasmic, but not nucleolar localization of KRAB-ZFPs. Our studies reveal a novel mechanism for the subcellular localization of KRAB-ZFPs and may help us to further explore their biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinyang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zikou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qihao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zan Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingxiong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (MG); (WL)
| | - Wenxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (MG); (WL)
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Lupo A, Cesaro E, Montano G, Zurlo D, Izzo P, Costanzo P. KRAB-Zinc Finger Proteins: A Repressor Family Displaying Multiple Biological Functions. Curr Genomics 2013; 14:268-78. [PMID: 24294107 PMCID: PMC3731817 DOI: 10.2174/13892029113149990002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger proteins containing the Kruppel associated box (KRAB-ZFPs) constitute the largest individual family of transcriptional repressors encoded by the genomes of higher organisms. KRAB domain, positioned at the NH2 terminus of the KRAB-ZFPs, interacts with a scaffold protein, KAP-1, which is able to recruit various transcriptional factors causing repression of genes to which KRAB ZFPs bind. The relevance of such repression is reflected in the large number of the KRAB zinc finger protein genes in the human genome. However, in spite of their numerical abundance little is currently known about the gene targets and the physiological functions of KRAB- ZFPs. However, emerging evidence links the transcriptional repression mediated by the KRAB-ZFPs to cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and cancer. Moreover, the fact that KRAB containing proteins are vertebrate-specific suggests that they have evolved recently, and that their key roles lie in some aspects of vertebrate development. In this review, we will briefly discuss some regulatory functions of the KRAB-ZFPs in different physiological and pathological states, thus contributing to better understand their biological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Lupo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; ; Dipartimento di Scienze per la Biologia, la Geologia e l'Ambiente, Facoltà di Scienze, Università del Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy
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Albertsen M, Teperek M, Elholm G, Füchtbauer EM, Lykke-Hartmann K. Localization and differential expression of the Krüppel-associated box zinc finger proteins 1 and 54 in early mouse development. DNA Cell Biol 2010; 29:589-601. [PMID: 20624068 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2010.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon fertilization, the zygotic genome is activated. To ensure the transcription of specific genes and avoid promiscuous gene expression, a chromatin-mediated repressive state is established. To characterize potential heterochromatin factors present during the first cleavage, two putative transcriptional repressors, zinc finger protein (ZFP1) and ZFP54, belonging to the Krüppel-associated box (KRAB) zinc finger family, were isolated. ZFP1 and ZFP54 contain an N-terminally located KRAB repressor domain followed by 8 and 12 repeats of Krüppel zinc-finger motifs, respectively. Reverse transcription (RT) and quantitative (q) PCR show that maternally contributed Zfp1 and Zfp54 mRNA are detected throughout preimplantation development. α-Amanitin-treated zygotes revealed that maternal Zfp1 and Zfp54 are fully degraded at the two-cell stage. Microinjections of in vitro-transcribed mRNA encoding a gfp-fused reporter gene into zygotes demonstrated the intracellular distribution of ZFP1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) and ZFP54-GFP colocalized with a DNA marker in the two-cell embryo. The KRAB domain was essential to colocalize with DNA, and deletion of the KRAB domain in ZFP1-GFP and ZFP54-GFP localized in nucleoli and in a ubiquitously manner, respectively. Taken together, this suggests a role for ZFP1 and ZFP54 in transcriptional regulation in early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Albertsen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Krüppel-like factor 4, a novel transcription factor regulates microglial activation and subsequent neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2010; 7:68. [PMID: 20946687 PMCID: PMC2965135 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-7-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), is the hallmark of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases and other pathological conditions associated with CNS infection. The activation of microglia is often associated with bystander neuronal death. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is one of the important transcription factors known to be associated with microglial activation which upregulates the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines. Recent studies have focused on the role of Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4), one of the zinc-finger transcription factors, in mediating inflammation. However, these studies were limited to peripheral system and its role in CNS is not understood. Our studies focused on the possible role of Klf4 in mediating CNS inflammation. METHODS For in vitro studies, mouse microglial BV-2 cell lines were treated with 500 ng/ml Salmonella enterica lipopolysacchride (LPS). Brain tissues were isolated from BALB/c mice administered with 5 mg/kg body weight of LPS. Expressions of Klf4, Cox-2, iNOS and pNF-κB were evaluated using western blotting, quantitative real time PCR, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs). Klf4 knockdown was carried out using SiRNA specific for Klf4 mRNA and luciferase assays and electromobility shift assay (EMSA) were performed to study the interaction of Klf4 to iNOS promoter elements in vitro. Co-immunoprecipitation of Klf4 and pNF-κB was done in order to study a possible interaction between the two transcription factors. RESULTS LPS stimulation increased Klf4 expression in microglial cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Knockdown of Klf4 resulted in decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, MCP-1 and IL-6, along with a significant decrease in iNOS and Cox-2 expression. NO production also decreased as a result of Klf4 knockdown. We found that Klf4 can potentially interact with pNF-κB and is important for iNOS and Cox-2 promoter activity in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate the role of Klf4 in microglia in mediating neuroinflammation in response to the bacterial endotoxin LPS.
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Intermediate phenotypes identify divergent pathways to Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11244. [PMID: 20574532 PMCID: PMC2888589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent genetic studies have identified a growing number of loci with suggestive evidence of association with susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, little is known of the role of these candidate genes in influencing intermediate phenotypes associated with a diagnosis of AD, including cognitive decline or AD neuropathologic burden. Methods/Principal Findings Thirty-two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously implicated in AD susceptibility were genotyped in 414 subjects with both annual clinical evaluation and completed brain autopsies from the Religious Orders Study and the Rush Memory and Aging Project. Regression analyses evaluated the relation of SNP genotypes to continuous measures of AD neuropathology and cognitive function proximate to death. A SNP in the zinc finger protein 224 gene (ZNF224, rs3746319) was associated with both global AD neuropathology (p = 0.009) and global cognition (p = 0.002); whereas, a SNP at the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase locus (PCK1, rs8192708) was selectively associated with global cognition (p = 3.57×10−4). The association of ZNF224 with cognitive impairment was mediated by neurofibrillary tangles, whereas PCK1 largely influenced cognition independent of AD pathology, as well as Lewy bodies and infarcts. Conclusions/Significance The findings support the association of several loci with AD, and suggest how intermediate phenotypes can enhance analysis of susceptibility loci in this complex genetic disorder.
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Cesaro E, De Cegli R, Medugno L, Florio F, Grosso M, Lupo A, Izzo P, Costanzo P. The Kruppel-like zinc finger protein ZNF224 recruits the arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 on the transcriptional repressor complex of the aldolase A gene. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:32321-30. [PMID: 19741270 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.043349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene transcription in eukaryotes is modulated by the coordinated recruitment of specific transcription factors and chromatin-modulating proteins. Indeed, gene activation and/or repression is/are regulated by histone methylation status at specific arginine or lysine residues. In this work, by co-immunoprecipitation experiments, we demonstrate that PRMT5, a type II protein arginine methyltransferase that monomethylates and symmetrically dimethylates arginine residues, is physically associated with the Kruppel-like associated box-zinc finger protein ZNF224, the aldolase A gene repressor. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays show that PRMT5 is recruited to the L-type aldolase A promoter and that methylation of the nucleosomes that surround the L-type promoter region occurs in vivo on the arginine 3 of histone H4. Consistent with its association to the ZNF224 repressor complex, the decrease of PRMT5 expression produced by RNA interference positively affects L-type aldolase A promoter transcription. Finally, the alternating occupancy of the L-type aldolase A promoter by the ZNF224-PRMT5 repression complex in proliferating and growth-arrested cells suggests that these regulatory proteins play a significant role during the cell cycle modulation of human aldolase A gene expression. Our data represent the first experimental evidence that protein arginine methylation plays a role in ZNF224-mediated transcriptional repression and provide novel insight into the chromatin modifications required for repression of gene transcription by Kruppel-like associated box-zinc finger proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cesaro
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, Napoli 80131, Italy
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Iacobazzi V, Infantino V, Convertini P, Vozza A, Agrimi G, Palmieri F. Transcription of the mitochondrial citrate carrier gene: Identification of a silencer and its binding protein ZNF224. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 386:186-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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