1
|
Akhlaghi M, Karrabi M, Atabti H, Raoofi A, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Investigation of the role of IL18, IL-1β and NLRP3 inflammasome in reducing expression of FLG-2 protein in Psoriasis vulgaris skin lesions. Biotech Histochem 2021; 97:277-283. [PMID: 34313166 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2021.1954692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of the NACHT leucine-rich repeat- and PYD-containing proteins (NLRP3) inflammasome, interleukin -18 (IL-18) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) cytokines on the expression of filaggrin-2 (FLG-2) protein in psoriasis patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), including T cells, were isolated from psoriasis patients and healthy donors. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) extraction and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed for all specimens. Immunohistochemical analysis for FLG-2 in normal and psoriatic epidermal tissue also was performed. Western blot was used to separate and identify FLG-2 protein, and immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess FLG-2 expression for psoriasis skin lesions and normal skin. RT-PCR analysis indicated that NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-18 cytokine and IL-1β cytokine expression were increased in psoriatic epidermis compared to normal skin. We found that the expression of FLG-2 was decreased in psoriatic epidermis compared to normal skin. Higher levels of NLRP3 help decrease the FLG-2 level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Akhlaghi
- Student Research Committee, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Maryam Karrabi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Hadi Atabti
- Department of Immunology and Biology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Raoofi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Natsume C, Aoki N, Aoyama T, Senda K, Matsui M, Ikegami A, Tanaka K, Azuma YT, Fujita T. Fucoxanthin Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis Symptoms by Regulating Keratinocytes and Regulatory Innate Lymphoid Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062180. [PMID: 32235696 PMCID: PMC7139773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin (FX) is a xanthophyll that is contained abundantly in marine plants. The biological action of FX includes its antioxidant and anti-lipogenic activities, while the precise action of its mechanisms on skin cells has not yet been clarified. The current study examined the effect of FX in comparison with tacrolimus (TAC) on NC/Nga mice, which are an atopic dermatitis (AD) model. FX topical treatment dramatically ameliorated itching behavior over the TAC treatment, which was insufficient for improvement of AD symptoms. In Nc/Nga mice, FX or TAC applied to the skin inhibited eosinophil infiltration with decreased expression of Il-33. FX also stimulated Il-2, Il-5, Il-13, Il-10, and TGF-β expression levels, and Sca1+Il-10+TGF-β+ regulatory innate lymphoid cells (ILCreg) were dominantly observed in FX treated skin epidermal keratinocytes and dermal layers. This combined evidence demonstrated that FX exerts anti-inflammatory effects on keratinocytes and ameliorates AD symptoms by regulating ILCreg to normalize immune responses in an atopic dermatitis model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chika Natsume
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Nao Aoki
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Tomoko Aoyama
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Keisuke Senda
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Mio Matsui
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Airi Ikegami
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Kosuke Tanaka
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Yasu-Taka Azuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan;
| | - Takashi Fujita
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-77-561-2848
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hydrangenol Isolated from the Leaves of Hydrangea serrata Attenuates Wrinkle Formation and Repairs Skin Moisture in UVB-Irradiated Hairless Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102354. [PMID: 31581754 PMCID: PMC6835603 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that hydrangenol isolated from Hydrangea serrata leaves exerts antiphotoaging activity in vitro. In this study, we determined its antiphotoaging effect in UVB-irradiated HR-1 hairless mice. We evaluated wrinkle formation, skin thickness, histological characteristics, and mRNA and protein expression using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis in dorsal skins. Hydrangenol mitigated wrinkle formation, dorsal thickness, dehydration, and collagen degradation. Hydrangenol increased the expression of involucrin, filaggrin, and aquaporin-3 (AQP3) as well as hyaluronic acid (HA) production via hyaluronidase (HYAL)-1/-2 downregulation. Consistent with the recovery of collagen composition, the expression of Pro-COL1A1 was increased by hydrangenol. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1/-3, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression was reduced by hydrangenol. Hydrangenol attenuated the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including ERK and p38, activator protein 1 (AP-1) subunit, and signal transduction and activation of transcription 1 (STAT1). Hydrangenol upregulated the expression of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO-1), glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), and glutamate cysteine ligase catalysis subunit (GCLC). Taken together, our data suggest that hydrangenol can prevent wrinkle formation by reducing MMP and inflammatory cytokine levels and increasing the expression of moisturizing factors and antioxidant genes.
Collapse
|
4
|
Beneficial role of biochanin A on cutaneous and renal tissues of ovariectomized rats treated with anastrozole. Life Sci 2018; 201:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
5
|
Zeitvogel J, Jokmin N, Rieker S, Klug I, Brandenberger C, Werfel T. GATA3 regulates FLG and FLG2 expression in human primary keratinocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11847. [PMID: 28928464 PMCID: PMC5605628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
GATA3 is a transcription factor with an important role in atopic diseases because of its role in the differentiation of Th2 lymphocytes. Moreover, GATA3 is expressed in keratinocytes and has a role in keratinocyte differentiation and the establishment of the epidermal barrier. In this study, we investigated the role of GATA3 in keratinocytes in the context of epidermal barrier integrity under inflammatory skin conditions. When analysing skin samples from atopic dermatitis and psoriasis patients or healthy controls, we detected decreased expression of GATA3 in the stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis patients when compared to healthy controls. Our cell cultures experiments revealed that a downregulation in GATA3 by shRNA leads to a significant reduction of filaggrin mRNA under atopic dermatitis-like conditions in keratinocytes. Overexpression of GATA3 in keratinocytes reversed this effect and significantly upregulated filaggrin and, furthermore, filaggrin-2 mRNA expression. Our results demonstrate that GATA3 is involved in the regulation of filaggrin and filaggrin-2 expression during inflammatory conditions in the skin. Thus, GATA3 may be of special importance for the establishment and maintenance of an intact epidermal barrier, especially in atopic dermatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Zeitvogel
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department for Dermatology, Allergy and Venereology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Neele Jokmin
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department for Dermatology, Allergy and Venereology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Samira Rieker
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department for Dermatology, Allergy and Venereology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ilona Klug
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department for Dermatology, Allergy and Venereology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Brandenberger
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department for Dermatology, Allergy and Venereology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Involvement of Kallikrein-Related Peptidases in Normal and Pathologic Processes. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:946572. [PMID: 26783378 PMCID: PMC4689925 DOI: 10.1155/2015/946572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are a subgroup of serine proteases that participate in proteolytic pathways and control protein levels in normal physiology as well as in several pathological conditions. Their complex network of stimulatory and inhibitory interactions may induce inflammatory and immune responses and contribute to the neoplastic phenotype through the regulation of several cellular processes, such as proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion. This family of proteases, which includes one of the most useful cancer biomarkers, kallikrein-related peptidase 3 or PSA, also has a protective effect against cancer promoting apoptosis or counteracting angiogenesis and cell proliferation. Therefore, they represent attractive therapeutic targets and may have important applications in clinical oncology. Despite being intensively studied, many gaps in our knowledge on several molecular aspects of KLK functions still exist. This review aims to summarize recent data on their involvement in different processes related to health and disease, in particular those directly or indirectly linked to the neoplastic process.
Collapse
|
7
|
Le NA, Katsuyama M, Demura M, Tanii H, Katsuyama H, Saijoh K. Regulation of serine protease inhibitor Kazal type-5 (SPINK5) gene expression in the keratinocytes. Environ Health Prev Med 2014; 19:307-13. [PMID: 24894987 PMCID: PMC4085257 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-014-0393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Serine protease inhibitor Kazal type-5 (SPINK5)
plays a crucial role in deciding the timing of desquamation of the skin. Its gene expression is limited at the very surface of the stratum granulosum (SG), whereas expression of kallikreins (KLKs) encoding proteases is usually found throughout the stratum spinosum and SG. Methods To explore the difference in expression regulation of these proteases/inhibitors, the function of SPINK5 promoter was examined using luciferase assay. Results Luciferase assay targeting the SPINK5 promoters (nucleotide −676/−532 and −318/−146 from the major transcription start site) showed high intensity in NHEK human keratinocyte. These two sites had neither common cis-elements nor GATA3 element but electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed similar retardation bands. Moreover, DNA footprinting did not display specific protected bands. Thus, we could not identify cis-element(s) that controlled these elements. Differentiation induced by high Ca2+ medium failed to alter their luciferase activities. Transfection of GATA3 expressing vector significantly but slightly increased them and that of vector expressing its dominant negative form decreased. Conclusions Although GATA3 is reportedly important for inhibition of proliferation and induction of differentiation of keratinocytes, its effect on SPINK5 expression was indirect and GATA3 alone was insufficient for final differentiation of keratinocytes where full SPINK5 expression was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Anh Le
- Department of Hygiene, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, 9208640, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Masse I, Barbollat-Boutrand L, Kharbili ME, Berthier-Vergnes O, Aubert D, Lamartine J. GATA3 inhibits proliferation and induces expression of both early and late differentiation markers in keratinocytes of the human epidermis. Arch Dermatol Res 2013; 306:201-8. [PMID: 24346062 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-013-1435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
GATA3 belongs to the GATA transcription factor family and is a crucial regulator of lymphocyte differentiation. More recently, GATA3 was shown to be involved in skin cell lineage determination, in morphogenesis and maintenance of hair follicle keratinocytes as well as in epidermal barrier formation in mouse. In human, the potential role of GATA3 in the regulation of interfollicular epidermal homeostasis was still poorly explored. We thus investigated whether GATA3 could play a role in the regulation of proliferation and/or differentiation processes in human primary keratinocytes. We silenced the expression of GATA3 by small interfering RNA in either proliferating or differentiated human primary keratinocytes and analyzed the effect on cell proliferation and differentiation. We showed that GATA3 inhibition increased cell number, BrdU incorporation and expression of the proliferation markers PCNA and Ki67, demonstrating that GATA3 can inhibit keratinocyte proliferation. Moreover, GATA3 seems to be able to induce keratinocyte differentiation since its silencing leads to a decrease of both early and late differentiation markers such as Keratins 1 and 10, Involucrin and Loricrin. Our results demonstrate that GATA3 transcription factor inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation of primary keratinocytes, which suggest that it may regulate human interfollicular epidermal renewal.
Collapse
|
9
|
Reich A, Mędrek K. Effects of narrow band UVB (311 nm) irradiation on epidermal cells. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:8456-66. [PMID: 23594996 PMCID: PMC3645754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14048456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is known to be one of the most important environmental hazards acting on the skin. It was revealed that chronic exposure to UVR accelerates skin aging, induces immunosuppression and may lead to the development of skin cancers. On the other hand, UVR has been shown to be effective in the treatment of numerous skin diseases and thus, various phototherapy modalities have been developed to date. Narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) emitting a light with a peak around 311 nm has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of various skin disorders; currently it is one of the most commonly used phototherapy devices. Despite NB-UVB has been developed more than 30 years ago, the exact mechanism of its therapeutic action remains poorly understood. To date, most of NB-UVB effects were attributed to its influence on immune cells; however, nearly 90% of NB-UVB irradiation is absorbed by epidermis and keratinocytes seem to be important players in mediating NB-UVB biological activity. Here, we have reviewed the current data about the influence of NB-UVB on epidermal cells, with a special emphasis on cell proliferation and death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Reich
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 1, Wrocław 50-368, Poland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rácz E, Kurek D, Kant M, Baerveldt EM, Florencia E, Mourits S, de Ridder D, Laman JD, van der Fits L, Prens EP. GATA3 expression is decreased in psoriasis and during epidermal regeneration; induction by narrow-band UVB and IL-4. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19806. [PMID: 21611195 PMCID: PMC3096641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and by
infiltration of activated Th1 and Th17 cells in the (epi)dermis. By expression
microarray, we previously found the GATA3 transcription factor significantly
downregulated in lesional psoriatic skin. Since GATA3 serves as a key switch in
both epidermal and T helper cell differentiation, we investigated its function
in psoriasis. Because psoriatic skin inflammation shares many characteristics of
epidermal regeneration during wound healing, we also studied GATA3 expression
under such conditions. Psoriatic lesional skin showed decreased GATA3 mRNA and protein expression
compared to non-lesional skin. GATA3 expression was also markedly decreased in
inflamed skin of mice with a psoriasiform dermatitis induced with imiquimod.
Tape-stripping of non-lesional skin of patients with psoriasis, a standardized
psoriasis-triggering and skin regeneration-inducing technique, reduced the
expression of GATA3. In wounded skin of mice, low GATA3 mRNA and protein
expression was detected. Taken together, GATA3 expression is downregulated under
regenerative and inflammatory hyperproliferative skin conditions. GATA3
expression could be re-induced by successful narrow-band UVB treatment of both
human psoriasis and imiquimod-induced psoriasiform dermatitis in mice. The
prototypic Th2 cytokine IL-4 was the only cytokine capable of inducing GATA3 in
skin explants from healthy donors. Based on these findings we argue that GATA3
serves as a key regulator in psoriatic inflammation, keratinocyte
hyperproliferation and skin barrier dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emőke Rácz
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University
Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University
Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorota Kurek
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University
Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marius Kant
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University
Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University
Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout M. Baerveldt
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University
Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University
Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Florencia
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University
Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University
Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Mourits
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University
Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University
Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick de Ridder
- Information and Communication Theory Group,
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft
University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jon D. Laman
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University
Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leslie van der Fits
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University
Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University
Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Errol P. Prens
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University
Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University
Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Garg S, Boerma M, Wang J, Fu Q, Loose DS, Kumar KS, Hauer-Jensen M. Influence of sublethal total-body irradiation on immune cell populations in the intestinal mucosa. Radiat Res 2010; 173:469-78. [PMID: 20334519 PMCID: PMC2863351 DOI: 10.1667/rr1742.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal immune system is the largest in the body. This study analyzed changes in intestinal immune cell populations, cytokine protein levels, and transcript profiles after total-body irradiation (TBI) in CD2F1 mice. A single dose of 8.0 Gy gamma radiation caused negligible 30-day lethality but induced significant histological damage in jejunal mucosa that was maximal at 3.5 days and that had seemingly recovered by day 21 after irradiation. These changes were accompanied by decreased numbers of mucosal macrophages, neutrophils, and B and T lymphocytes, mostly coinciding with similar reductions in peripheral blood cell counts. Recovery of mucosal macrophages occurred within 1 week, whereas mucosal granulocytes and lymphocytes remained low until 3 weeks after TBI. Maximal suppression of T-helper cell (T(H))-related transcripts occurred at 3.5 days, but there was no obvious T(H)1 or T(H)2 bias. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling revealed a preponderance of differentially regulated genes involved in cell cycle control, cell death and DNA repair between 4 h and 3.5 days after irradiation. Genes involved in tissue recovery predominated from day 7 onward. We conclude that the intestinal immune system undergoes profound changes after sublethal TBI and that these changes likely contribute to postirradiation pathophysiological manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Marjan Boerma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Junru Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - David S. Loose
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas
| | - K. Sree Kumar
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Martin Hauer-Jensen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Surgery Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas
| |
Collapse
|