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Ayer DK, Modha K, Parekh V, Patel R, Vadodariya G, Ramtekey V, Bhuriya A. Associating gene expressions with curcuminoid biosynthesis in turmeric. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2020; 18:83. [PMID: 33315159 PMCID: PMC7736439 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-020-00101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biologically important curcuminoids viz curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin in turmeric rhizome have several health benefits. Pharmaceutical industries synthesize curcuminoids manipulating gene expressions in vitro or in vivo because of their medicinal importance. In this experiment, we studied the gene expressions involved in the curcuminoid biosynthesis pathway in association with curcuminoid yield in turmeric rhizome to study the impact of individual gene expression on curcuminoid biosynthesis. RESULTS Gene expressions at the different growth stages of turmeric rhizome were association tested with respective curcuminoid contents. Gene expression patterns of diketide-CoA synthase (DCS) and multiple curcumin synthases (CURSs) viz curcumin synthase 1 (CURS1), curcumin synthase 2 (CURS2), and curcumin synthase 3 (CURS3) were differentially associated with different curcuminoid contents. Genotype and growth stages showed a significant effect on the gene expressions resulting in a significant impact on curcuminoid balance in turmeric rhizome. DCS and CURS3 expression patterns were similar but distinct from CURS1 and CURS2 expression patterns in turmeric rhizome. DCS expression had a significant positive and CURS3 expression had a significant negative association with curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, and total curcuminoid in turmeric rhizome. CURS1 expression had a negative association with curcumin whereas CURS2 expression showed a positive association with demethoxycurcumin. CONCLUSIONS The effects of DCS and CURS expressions are not always positive with different curcuminoid contents in turmeric rhizome. DCS expression has a positive and CURS3 expression has a negative association with curcuminoids. CURS1 and CURS2 are also associated with curcumin and demethoxycurcumin synthesis. This mechanism of co-expression of diketide-CoA synthase and multiple curcumin synthases in turmeric rhizome has a significant effect on curcuminoid balance in different turmeric cultivars. Further experiment will explore more insights; however, association-based test results from this experiment can be useful in improving curcuminoid yield in turmeric rhizome or in vitro through the application of genetic engineering and biotechnology. Associating gene expressions with curcuminoid biosynthesis in turmeric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipendra Kumar Ayer
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, 396450, India.
| | - Kaushal Modha
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, 396450, India
| | - Vipulkumar Parekh
- Department of Basic Science and Humanity, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, 396450, India
| | - Ritesh Patel
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, 396450, India
| | - Gopal Vadodariya
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, 396450, India
| | - Vinita Ramtekey
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, 396450, India
| | - Arpit Bhuriya
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, 396450, India
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Sandeep IS, Das S, Nasim N, Mishra A, Acharya L, Joshi RK, Nayak S, Mohanty S. Differential expression of CURS gene during various growth stages, climatic condition and soil nutrients in turmeric (Curcuma longa): Towards site specific cultivation for high curcumin yield. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 118:348-355. [PMID: 28697469 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Curcuma longa L., accumulates substantial amount of curcumin and essential oil. Little is known about the differential expression of curcumin synthase (CURS) gene and consequent curcumin content variations at different agroclimatic zones. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of climate, soil and harvesting phase on expression of CURS gene for curcumin yield in two high yielding turmeric cultivars. Expression of CURS gene at different experimental zones as well as at different harvesting phase was studied through transcriptional analysis by qRT-PCR. Curcumin varied from 1.5 to 5% and 1.4-5% in Surama and Roma respectively. The expression of CURS also varied from 0.402 to 5.584 fold in Surama and 0.856-5.217 fold in Roma. Difference in curcumin content at a particular zone varied among different harvesting period from 3.95 to 4.31% in Surama and 3.57-3.83% in Roma. Expression of CURS gene was also effected by harvesting time of the rhizome which varied from 7.389 to 16.882 fold in Surama and 4.41-8.342 fold in Roma. The CURS gene expression was found regardless of variations in curcumin content at different experimental zones. This may be due to the effects of soil and environmental variables. Expression was positively correlated with curcumin content with different harvesting time at a particular zone. This find indicates effect of soil and environment on molecular and biochemical dynamics of curcumin biosynthesis and could be useful in genetic improvement of turmeric.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sriram Sandeep
- Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Suryasnata Das
- Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Noohi Nasim
- Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Antaryami Mishra
- Department of Soil Sciences, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Laxmikanta Acharya
- Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Raj Kumar Joshi
- Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Nayak
- Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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Type III polyketide synthase repertoire in Zingiberaceae: computational insights into the sequence, structure and evolution. Dev Genes Evol 2016; 226:269-85. [PMID: 27138283 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-016-0548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Zingiberaceae or 'ginger family' is the largest family in the order 'Zingiberales' with more than 1300 species in 52 genera, which are mostly distributed throughout Asia, tropical Africa and the native regions of America with their maximum diversity in Southeast Asia. Many of the members are important spice, medicinal or ornamental plants including ginger, turmeric, cardamom and kaempferia. These plants are distinguished for the highly valuable metabolic products, which are synthesised through phenylpropanoid pathway, where type III polyketide synthase is the key enzyme. In our present study, we used sequence, structural and evolutionary approaches to scrutinise the type III polyketide synthase (PKS) repertoire encoded in the Zingiberaceae family. Highly conserved amino acid residues in the sequence alignment and phylogram suggested strong relationships between the type III PKS members of Zingiberaceae. Sequence and structural level investigation of type III PKSs showed a small number of variations in the substrate binding pocket, leading to functional divergence among these PKS members. Molecular evolutionary studies indicate that type III PKSs within Zingiberaceae evolved under strong purifying selection pressure, and positive selections were rarely detected in the family. Structural modelling and protein-small molecule interaction studies on Zingiber officinale PKS 'a representative from Zingiberaceae' suggested that the protein is comparatively stable without much disorder and exhibited wide substrate acceptance.
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Rodrigues JL, Prather KLJ, Kluskens LD, Rodrigues LR. Heterologous production of curcuminoids. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2015; 79:39-60. [PMID: 25631288 PMCID: PMC4402967 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00031-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Curcuminoids, components of the rhizome of turmeric, show several beneficial biological activities, including anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. Despite their numerous pharmaceutically important properties, the low natural abundance of curcuminoids represents a major drawback for their use as therapeutic agents. Therefore, they represent attractive targets for heterologous production and metabolic engineering. The understanding of biosynthesis of curcuminoids in turmeric made remarkable advances in the last decade, and as a result, several efforts to produce them in heterologous organisms have been reported. The artificial biosynthetic pathway (e.g., in Escherichia coli) can start with the supplementation of the amino acid tyrosine or phenylalanine or of carboxylic acids and lead to the production of several natural curcuminoids. Unnatural carboxylic acids can also be supplemented as precursors and lead to the production of unnatural compounds with possibly novel therapeutic properties. In this paper, we review the natural conversion of curcuminoids in turmeric and their production by E. coli using an artificial biosynthetic pathway. We also explore the potential of other enzymes discovered recently or already used in other similar biosynthetic pathways, such as flavonoids and stilbenoids, to increase curcuminoid yield and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rodrigues
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal MIT-Portugal Program, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, and Lisbon, Portugal
| | - K L J Prather
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA MIT-Portugal Program, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, and Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L D Kluskens
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - L R Rodrigues
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal MIT-Portugal Program, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, and Lisbon, Portugal
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Resmi MS, Verma P, Gokhale RS, Soniya EV. Identification and characterization of a type III polyketide synthase involved in quinolone alkaloid biosynthesis from Aegle marmelos Correa. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:7271-81. [PMID: 23329842 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.429886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinolone alkaloids, found abundantly in the roots of bael (Aegle marmelos), possess various biological activities and have recently gained attention as potential lead molecules for novel drug designing. Here, we report the characterization of a novel Type III polyketide synthase, quinolone synthase (QNS), from A. marmelos that is involved in the biosynthesis of quinolone alkaloid. Using homology-based structural modeling, we identify two crucial amino acid residues (Ser-132 and Ala-133) at the putative QNS active site. Substitution of Ser-132 to Thr and Ala-133 to Ser apparently constricted the active site cavity resulting in production of naringenin chalcone from p-coumaroyl-CoA. Measurement of steady-state kinetic parameters demonstrates that the catalytic efficiency of QNS was severalfold higher for larger acyl-coenzymeA substrates as compared with smaller precursors. Our mutagenic studies suggest that this protein might have evolved from an evolutionarily related member of chalcone synthase superfamily by mere substitution of two active site residues. The identification and characterization of QNS offers a promising target for gene manipulation studies toward the production of novel alkaloid scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohankumar Saraladevi Resmi
- Plant Molecular Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud (P.O), Thiruvananthapuram, 695 014 Kerala, India
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