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Campa M, Miranda S, Licciardello C, Lashbrooke JG, Dalla Costa L, Guan Q, Spök A, Malnoy M. Application of new breeding techniques in fruit trees. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1304-1322. [PMID: 37394947 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and rapid adaption of invasive pathogens pose a constant pressure on the fruit industry to develop improved varieties. Aiming to accelerate the development of better-adapted cultivars, new breeding techniques have emerged as a promising alternative to meet the demand of a growing global population. Accelerated breeding, cisgenesis, and CRISPR/Cas genome editing hold significant potential for crop trait improvement and have proven to be useful in several plant species. This review focuses on the successful application of these technologies in fruit trees to confer pathogen resistance and tolerance to abiotic stress and improve quality traits. In addition, we review the optimization and diversification of CRISPR/Cas genome editing tools applied to fruit trees, such as multiplexing, CRISPR/Cas-mediated base editing and site-specific recombination systems. Advances in protoplast regeneration and delivery techniques, including the use of nanoparticles and viral-derived replicons, are described for the obtention of exogenous DNA-free fruit tree species. The regulatory landscape and broader social acceptability for cisgenesis and CRISPR/Cas genome editing are also discussed. Altogether, this review provides an overview of the versatility of applications for fruit crop improvement, as well as current challenges that deserve attention for further optimization and potential implementation of new breeding techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Campa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Foundation Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Simón Miranda
- Research and Innovation Centre, Foundation Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Concetta Licciardello
- Research Center for Olive Fruit and Citrus Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | | | - Lorenza Dalla Costa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Foundation Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Qingmei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Armin Spök
- Science, Technology and Society Unit, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Foundation Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
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Gaucher M, Righetti L, Aubourg S, Dugé de Bernonville T, Brisset MN, Chevreau E, Vergne E. An Erwinia amylovora inducible promoter for improvement of apple fire blight resistance. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1499-1513. [PMID: 35385991 PMCID: PMC9270298 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02869-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
pPPO16, the first Ea-inducible promoter cloned from apple, can be a useful component of intragenic strategies to create fire blight resistant apple genotypes. Intragenesis is an important alternative to transgenesis to produce modified plants containing native DNA only. A key point to develop such a strategy is the availability of regulatory sequences controlling the expression of the gene of interest. With the aim of finding apple gene promoters either inducible by the fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora (Ea) or moderately constitutive, we focused on polyphenoloxidase genes (PPO). These genes encode oxidative enzymes involved in many physiological processes and have been previously shown to be upregulated during the Ea infection process. We found ten PPO and two PPO-like sequences in the apple genome and characterized the promoters of MdPPO16 (pPPO16) and MdKFDV02 PPO-like (pKFDV02) for their potential as Ea-inducible and low-constitutive regulatory sequences, respectively. Expression levels of reporter genes fused to these promoters and transiently or stably expressed in apple were quantified after various treatments. Unlike pKFDV02 which displayed a variable activity, pPPO16 allowed a fast and strong expression of transgenes in apple following Ea infection in a Type 3 Secretion System dependent manner. Altogether our results does not confirmed pKFDV02 as a constitutive and weak promoter whereas pPPO16, the first Ea-inducible promoter cloned from apple, can be a useful component of intragenic strategies to create fire blight resistant apple genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Gaucher
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Laura Righetti
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sébastien Aubourg
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Thomas Dugé de Bernonville
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université François Rabelais, 31 avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | | | - Elisabeth Chevreau
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Emilie Vergne
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France.
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Schröpfer S, Lempe J, Emeriewen OF, Flachowsky H. Recent Developments and Strategies for the Application of Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Apple Malus × domestica Borkh. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:928292. [PMID: 35845652 PMCID: PMC9280197 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.928292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Genetic transformation has become an important tool in plant genome research over the last three decades. This applies not only to model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana but also increasingly to cultivated plants, where the establishment of transformation methods could still pose many problems. One of such plants is the apple (Malus spp.), the most important fruit of the temperate climate zone. Although the genetic transformation of apple using Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been possible since 1989, only a few research groups worldwide have successfully applied this technology, and efficiency remains poor. Nevertheless, there have been some developments, especially in recent years, which allowed for the expansion of the toolbox of breeders and breeding researchers. This review article attempts to summarize recent developments in the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation strategies of apple. In addition to the use of different tissues and media for transformation, agroinfiltration, as well as pre-transformation with a Baby boom transcription factor are notable successes that have improved transformation efficiency in apple. Further, we highlight targeted gene silencing applications. Besides the classical strategies of RNAi-based silencing by stable transformation with hairpin gene constructs, optimized protocols for virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and artificial micro RNAs (amiRNAs) have emerged as powerful technologies for silencing genes of interest. Success has also been achieved in establishing methods for targeted genome editing (GE). For example, it was recently possible for the first time to generate a homohistont GE line into which a biallelic mutation was specifically inserted in a target gene. In addition to these methods, which are primarily aimed at increasing transformation efficiency, improving the precision of genetic modification and reducing the time required, methods are also discussed in which genetically modified plants are used for breeding purposes. In particular, the current state of the rapid crop cycle breeding system and its applications will be presented.
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Abstract
Fruit and vegetable crops are rich in dietary fibre, vitamins and minerals, which are vital to human health. However, many biotic stressors (such as pests and diseases) and abiotic stressors threaten crop growth, quality, and yield. Traditional breeding strategies for improving crop traits include a series of backcrosses and selection to introduce beneficial traits into fine germplasm, this process is slow and resource-intensive. The new breeding technique known as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein-9 (Cas9) has the potential to improve many traits rapidly and accurately, such as yield, quality, disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and nutritional aspects in crops. Because of its simple operation and high mutation efficiency, this system has been applied to obtain new germplasm resources via gene-directed mutation. With the availability of whole-genome sequencing data, and information about gene function for important traits, CRISPR-Cas9 editing to precisely mutate key genes can rapidly generate new germplasm resources for the improvement of important agronomic traits. In this review, we explore this technology and its application in fruit and vegetable crops. We address the challenges, existing variants and the associated regulatory framework, and consider future applications.
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Dalla Costa L, Piazza S, Pompili V, Salvagnin U, Cestaro A, Moffa L, Vittani L, Moser C, Malnoy M. Strategies to produce T-DNA free CRISPRed fruit trees via Agrobacterium tumefaciens stable gene transfer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20155. [PMID: 33214661 PMCID: PMC7678832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome editing via CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful technology, which has been widely applied to improve traits in cereals, vegetables and even fruit trees. For the delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 components into dicotyledonous plants, Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated gene transfer is still the prevalent method, although editing is often accompanied by the integration of the bacterial T-DNA into the host genome. We assessed two approaches in order to achieve T-DNA excision from the plant genome, minimizing the extent of foreign DNA left behind. The first is based on the Flp/FRT system and the second on Cas9 and synthetic cleavage target sites (CTS) close to T-DNA borders, which are recognized by the sgRNA. Several grapevine and apple lines, transformed with a panel of CRISPR/SpCas9 binary vectors, were regenerated and characterized for T-DNA copy number and for the rate of targeted editing. As detected by an optimized NGS-based sequencing method, trimming at T-DNA borders occurred in 100% of the lines, impairing in most cases the excision. Another observation was the leakage activity of Cas9 which produced pierced and therefore non-functional CTS. Deletions of genomic DNA and presence of filler DNA were also noticed at the junctions between T-DNA and genomic DNA. This study proved that many factors must be considered for designing efficient binary vectors capable of minimizing the presence of exogenous DNA in CRISPRed fruit trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Dalla Costa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
| | - Stefano Piazza
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Valerio Pompili
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Umberto Salvagnin
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cestaro
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Loredana Moffa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Vittani
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
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Wada M, Nishitani C, Komori S. Stable and efficient transformation of apple. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2020; 37:163-170. [PMID: 32821223 PMCID: PMC7434680 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.20.0602a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Apple is one of precious fruit crop grown in temperate zone. In the post genomic era, the analysis of gene functions in horticultural crops such as apple is required for agricultural utilization. For analysis of such crops, the protocol establishment of tissue culture and transformation is essential. Although transformation efficiency in family Rosaceae is generally very low, some cultivars of Malus species have high transformation ability. Apple cultivars are usually clonally propagated by grafting on rootstocks, which can affect fruit quality and maturity and scion productivity. Apple rootstock cultivar Japan Morioka 2 (JM2) was produced at the Division of Apple Research, Institute of Fruit and Tea Science, NARO, in Japan. JM2, which was developed for dwarfing scions and improving disease resistance, is easily propagated by hardwood cutting. Furthermore, JM2 can be stably transformed at a high efficiency, which is better than other JM series rootstocks derived from the same parent. Leaflets of cultured shoots of JM2 have been transformed using Agrobacterium (Rhizobium) with a transducing gene. In this article, the JM2 transformation protocol is introduced in detail. Various genes and promoters have been confirmed to function as expected, with the resultant transformants exhibiting specific staining and fluorescent signals, and modified floral organ shapes, precious blooming and other characteristics. JM2 is thus a useful rootstock material for the enhancement of genetic research on apple and its relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Wada
- Division of Apple Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 92-24 Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
| | - Chikako Nishitani
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8605, Japan
| | - Sadao Komori
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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Pompili V, Dalla Costa L, Piazza S, Pindo M, Malnoy M. Reduced fire blight susceptibility in apple cultivars using a high-efficiency CRISPR/Cas9-FLP/FRT-based gene editing system. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:845-858. [PMID: 31495052 PMCID: PMC7004915 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The bacterium Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight disease in apple, triggers its infection through the DspA/E effector which interacts with the apple susceptibility protein MdDIPM4. In this work, MdDIPM4 knockout has been produced in two Malus × domestica susceptible cultivars using the CRISPR/Cas9 system delivered via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Fifty-seven transgenic lines were screened to identify CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutations. An editing efficiency of 75% was obtained. Seven edited lines with a loss-of-function mutation were inoculated with the pathogen. Highly significant reduction in susceptibility was observed compared to control plants. Sequencing of five potential off-target sites revealed no mutation event. Moreover, our construct contained a heat-shock inducible FLP/FRT recombination system designed specifically to remove the T-DNA harbouring the expression cassettes for CRISPR/Cas9, the marker gene and the FLP itself. Six plant lines with reduced susceptibility to the pathogen were heat-treated and screened by real-time PCR to quantify the exogenous DNA elimination. The T-DNA removal was further validated by sequencing in one plant line. To our knowledge, this work demonstrates for the first time the development and application of a CRISPR/Cas9-FLP/FRT gene editing system for the production of edited apple plants carrying a minimal trace of exogenous DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Pompili
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit CropsResearch and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal SciencesUniversità degli Studi di UdineUdineItaly
| | - Lorenza Dalla Costa
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit CropsResearch and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
| | - Stefano Piazza
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit CropsResearch and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
| | - Massimo Pindo
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit CropsResearch and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit CropsResearch and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
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8
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Du D, Jin R, Guo J, Zhang F. Construction of Marker-Free Genetically Modified Maize Using a Heat-Inducible Auto-Excision Vector. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10050374. [PMID: 31108922 PMCID: PMC6562874 DOI: 10.3390/genes10050374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene modification is a promising tool for plant breeding, and gradual application from the laboratory to the field. Selectable marker genes (SMG) are required in the transformation process to simplify the identification of transgenic plants; however, it is more desirable to obtain transgenic plants without selection markers. Transgene integration mediated by site-specific recombination (SSR) systems into the dedicated genomic sites has been demonstrated in a few different plant species. Here, we present an auto-elimination vector system that uses a heat-inducible Cre to eliminate the selectable marker from transgenic maize, without the need for repeated transformation or sexual crossing. The vector combines an inducible site-specific recombinase (hsp70::Cre) that allows for the precise elimination of the selectable marker gene egfp upon heating. This marker gene is used for the initial positive selection of transgenic tissue. The egfp also functions as a visual marker to demonstrate the effectiveness of the heat-inducible Cre. A second marker gene for anthocyanin pigmentation (Rsc) is located outside of the region eliminated by Cre and is used for the identification of transgenic offspring in future generations. Using the heat-inducible auto-excision vector, marker-free transgenic maize plants were obtained in a precisely controlled genetic modification process. Genetic and molecular analyses indicated that the inducible auto-excision system was tightly controlled, with highly efficient DNA excision, and provided a highly reliable method to generate marker-free transgenic maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengxiang Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ruchang Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jinjie Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Fangdong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Development of a Taqman real-time PCR method to quantify nptII in apple lines obtained with ‘established’ or ‘new breeding’ techniques of genetic modification. Eur Food Res Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-018-3187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Wang B, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Dong M, Zhang J. Heat-Shock-Induced Removal of Transgenes Using the Gene-Deletor System in Hybrid Aspen ( Populus tremula × P. tremuloides). Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9100484. [PMID: 30297683 PMCID: PMC6210648 DOI: 10.3390/genes9100484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the efficacy of the gene-deletor system in aspen, we evaluated the system for foreign gene removal in a hybrid aspen clone, INRA 353-53 (Populus tremula × P. tremuloides). The recombinase flipping DNA (FLP) gene was under the control of the heat-inducible promoter of Gmhsp17.6-L, and the β-glucuronidase (gusA) gene which was under the control of the 35S promoter and were constructed using the gene-deletor system in the pCaLFGmFNLFG vector. Six transgenic plants and their sublines were heated at 42 °C for 8 h and gene deletion was verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Three lines exhibited partial transgene deletion while the remaining three lines did not delete. Transgenic lines were evaluated by Southern-blot analyses, verifying that the six transgenic plant lines all had a single copy of transfer DNA (t-DNA). Two partial-deletion lines and two non-deletion lines were analysed for methylation and expression of promoter and recombinase. Hardly any methylation was detected in the Gmhsp17.6-L promoter or recombinase FLP gene sequences, however, the expression of the promoter and recombinase was increased significantly in the partial-deletion compared with the non-deletion line after heat-shock treatment. These results suggest that the excision efficiency had no direct relationship with methylation status of the Gmhsp17.6-L promoter and FLP recombinase, yet was affected by the expression of the Gmhsp17.6-L and FLP after heat-shock treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Tree and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants Biological Engineering of State Forestry Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Tree and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants Biological Engineering of State Forestry Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jian Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Tree and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants Biological Engineering of State Forestry Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Mingliang Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Tree and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants Biological Engineering of State Forestry Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Tree and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants Biological Engineering of State Forestry Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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11
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Cold inducible promoter driven Cre-lox system proved to be highly efficient for marker gene excision in transgenic barley. J Biotechnol 2017; 265:15-24. [PMID: 29103986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A Cre-lox based auto-excision strategy has been adapted for barley, capable of cre and selectable marker gene (SMG) removal. The cold inducible wheat promoter called wcs120 was utilised for driving Cre expression. The binary vector was carrying the transgene (uidA) and a so called 'recombination cassette' flanked by the lox sequences. This part included both the recombinase gene and the SMG (bar) under the control of a constitutive promoter. T0, T1 and T2 transgenic plants were subjected to low temperature (at 4°C, 10°C and 12°C) at different developmental stages to induce recombination. The presence of uidA, cre, and bar genes and recombination footprints were studied by PCR and DNA sequencing, while cre transcription was followed by qRT-PCR. These analyses indicated that, cold treatment of the germinating seeds (4°C for 3days) followed by plant growing at higher temperature (24°C) has been the most efficient (90-100%), and this treatment lead to heritable changes in the genome. Thermal separation of Cre accumulation (at low temperature) from Cre enzyme activity (at higher temperature) could have prevented the premature excision of its own encoding gene, and lead to high expression level thereby increasing recombination frequency.
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12
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Hoenicka H, Lehnhardt D, Nunna S, Reinhardt R, Jeltsch A, Briones V, Fladung M. Level of tissue differentiation influences the activation of a heat-inducible flower-specific system for genetic containment in poplar (Populus tremula L.). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:369-84. [PMID: 26521210 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1890-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation level but not transgene copy number influenced activation of a gene containment system in poplar. Heat treatments promoted CRE gene body methylation. The flower-specific transgene deletion was confirmed. Gene flow between genetic modified trees and their wild relatives is still motive of concern. Therefore, approaches for gene containment are required. In this study, we designed a novel strategy for achieving an inducible and flower-specific transgene removal from poplar trees but still expressing the transgene in the plant body. Hence, pollen carrying transgenes could be used for breeding purposes under controlled conditions in a first phase, and in the second phase genetic modified poplars developing transgene-free pollen grains could be released. This approach is based on the recombination systems CRE/loxP and FLP/frt. Both gene constructs contained a heat-inducible CRE/loxP-based spacer sequence for in vivo assembling of the flower-specific FLP/frt system. This allowed inducible activation of gene containment. The FLP/frt system was under the regulation of a flower-specific promoter, either CGPDHC or PTD. Our results confirmed complete CRE/loxP-based in vivo assembling of the flower-specific transgene excision system after heat treatment in all cells for up to 30 % of regenerants derived from undifferentiated tissue cultures. Degradation of HSP::CRE/loxP spacer after recombination but also persistence as extrachromosomal DNA circles were detected in sub-lines obtained after heat treatments. Furthermore, heat treatment promoted methylation of the CRE gene body. A lower methylation level was detected at CpG sites in transgenic sub-lines showing complete CRE/loxP recombination and persistence of CRE/loxP spacer, compared to sub-lines with incomplete recombination. However, our results suggest that low methylation might be necessary but not sufficient for recombination. The flower-specific FLP/frt-based transgene deletion was confirmed in 6.3 % of flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Hoenicka
- Thünen-Institute of Forest Genetics, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany.
| | - Denise Lehnhardt
- Thünen-Institute of Forest Genetics, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Suneetha Nunna
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Albert Jeltsch
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Fladung
- Thünen-Institute of Forest Genetics, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany.
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Kost TD, Gessler C, Jänsch M, Flachowsky H, Patocchi A, Broggini GAL. Development of the First Cisgenic Apple with Increased Resistance to Fire Blight. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143980. [PMID: 26624292 PMCID: PMC4666654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation and selection of novel fire blight resistant apple genotypes would greatly improve the management of this devastating disease, caused by Erwinia amylovora. Such resistant genotypes are currently developed by conventional breeding, but novel breeding technologies including cisgenesis could be an alternative approach. A cisgenic apple line C44.4.146 was regenerated using the cisgene FB_MR5 from wild apple Malus ×robusta 5 (Mr5), and the previously established method involving A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation of the fire blight susceptible cultivar 'Gala Galaxy' using the binary vector p9-Dao-FLPi. The line C44.4.146 was shown to carry only the cisgene FB_MR5, controlled by its native regulatory sequences and no transgenes were detected by PCR or Southern blot following heat induced recombinase-mediated elimination of the selectable markers. Although this line contains up to 452 bp of vector sequences, it still matches the original definition of cisgenesis. A single insertion of T-DNA into the genome of 'Gala Galaxy' in chromosome 16 was identified. Transcription of FB_MR5 in line C44.4.146 was similar to the transcription in classically bred descendants of Mr5. Three independent shoot inoculation experiments with a Mr5 avirulent strain of Erwinia amylovora were performed using scissors or syringe. Significantly lower disease symptoms were detected on shoots of the cisgenic line compared to those of untransformed 'Gala Galaxy'. Despite the fact that the pathogen can overcome this resistance by a single nucleotide mutation, this is, to our knowledge, the first prototype of a cisgenic apple with increased resistance to fire blight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D. Kost
- Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cesare Gessler
- Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Jänsch
- Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Henryk Flachowsky
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrea Patocchi
- Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni A. L. Broggini
- Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
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Leibman D, Prakash S, Wolf D, Zelcer A, Anfoka G, Haviv S, Brumin M, Gaba V, Arazi T, Lapidot M, Gal-On A. Immunity to tomato yellow leaf curl virus in transgenic tomato is associated with accumulation of transgene small RNA. Arch Virol 2015; 160:2727-39. [PMID: 26255053 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gene silencing is a natural defense response of plants against invading RNA and DNA viruses. The RNA post-transcriptional silencing system has been commonly utilized to generate transgenic crop plants that are "immune" to plant virus infection. Here, we applied this approach against the devastating DNA virus tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in its host tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). To generate broad resistance to a number of different TYLCV viruses, three conserved sequences (the intergenic region [NCR], V1-V2 and C1-C2 genes) from the genome of the severe virus (TYLCV) were synthesized as a single insert and cloned into a hairpin configuration in a binary vector, which was used to transform TYLCV-susceptible tomato plants. Eight of 28 independent transgenic tomato lines exhibited immunity to TYLCV-Is and to TYLCV-Mld, but not to tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus, which shares relatively low sequence homology with the transgene. In addition, a marker-free (nptII-deleted) transgenic tomato line was generated for the first time by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation without antibiotic selection, followed by screening of 1180 regenerated shoots by whitefly-mediated TYLCV inoculation. Resistant lines showed a high level of transgene-siRNA (t-siRNA) accumulation (22% of total small RNA) with dominant sizes of 21 nt (73%) and 22 nt (22%). The t-siRNA displayed hot-spot distribution ("peaks") along the transgene, with different distribution patterns than the viral-siRNA peaks observed in TYLCV-infected tomato. A grafting experiment demonstrated the mobility of 0.04% of the t-siRNA from transgenic rootstock to non-transformed scion, even though scion resistance against TYLCV was not achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Leibman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, ARO, Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Shanmugam Prakash
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, ARO, Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Dalia Wolf
- Department of Vegetable Research, ARO, Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Aaron Zelcer
- Department of Vegetable Research, ARO, Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Ghandi Anfoka
- Department of Biotechnology, Al-Balqa' Applied University, Al-Salt, 19117, Jordan
| | - Sabrina Haviv
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, ARO, Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Marina Brumin
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, ARO, Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Victor Gaba
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, ARO, Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Tzahi Arazi
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, ARO, Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Moshe Lapidot
- Department of Vegetable Research, ARO, Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Amit Gal-On
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, ARO, Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel.
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15
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Rai MK, Shekhawat NS. Recent advances in genetic engineering for improvement of fruit crops. PLANT CELL, TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE (PCTOC) 2014; 116:1-15. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s11240-013-0389-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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16
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Nandy S, Srivastava V. Marker-free site-specific gene integration in rice based on the use of two recombination systems. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2012; 10:904-12. [PMID: 22686401 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2012.00715.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Transgene integration mediated by heterologous site-specific recombination (SSR) systems into the dedicated genomic sites has been demonstrated in a few different plant species. This approach of plant transformation generates a precise site-specific integration (SSI) structure consisting of a single copy of the transgene construct. As a result, stable transgene expression correlated with promoter strength and gene copy number is observed among independent transgenic lines and faithfully transmitted through subsequent generations. Site-specific integration approaches use selectable marker genes, removal of which is necessary for the implementation of this approach as a biotechnology application. As SSR systems are also excellent tools for excising marker genes from transgene locus, a molecular strategy involving gene integration followed by marker excision, each mediated by a distinct recombination system, was earlier proposed. Experimental validation of this approach is the focus of this work. Using FLPe-FRT system for site-specific gene integration and heat-inducible Cre-lox for marker gene excision, marker-free SSI lines were developed in the first generation itself. More importantly, progeny derived from these lines inherited the marker-free locus, indicating efficient germinal transmission. Finally, as the transgene expression from SSI locus was not altered upon marker excision, this method is suitable for streamlining the production of marker-free SSI lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Nandy
- Department of Crop, Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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