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Xie R, Tang S, Yang Y. Associations of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta-analysis. J Diabetes Complications 2022; 36:108261. [PMID: 36055011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ pro12Ala (PPAR-γ Pro12Ala) have been associated with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in several studies. However, the results of these studies are not entirely consistent. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association between the PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphisms and NAFLD. METHODS Studies were identified by searching PubMed database and manual assessment of the cited references in the retrieved articles. Study-specific relative risks (RRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a random-effect model. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS Relevant medical researches show that 11 studies have been conducted on the analysis of NAFLD for meta-analysis, with a total of 2404 cases and 3959 participating controls. Meta-analysis results show that PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism and NALAD Ala alleles[no association between dominance model (OR = 0.968, 95%CI: 0.734-1.276, P = 0.815); Pro/Ala vs. Pro/Pro (OR = 0.930, 95 % CI: 0.701-1.233, P = 0.612); Ala/Ala vs. Pro/Pro (OR = 1.220, 95 % CI: 0.668-2.230, P = 0.518); recessive model (OR = 0.907, 95 % CI: 0.516-1.596, P = 0.736)]. Moreover, stratification by ethnicity also revealed that no matter it is in Caucasian populations or in Asian populations, NAFLD has no association with the PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS According to the meta-analysis, both in Asians and Caucasian populations, the PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism can't be demonstrated to have any link with susceptibility to NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xie
- The Gastroenterology Department of the First Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi Province 530022, PR China
| | - Shaobo Tang
- The Gastroenterology Department of the First Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi Province 530022, PR China.
| | - Yanna Yang
- The Ultrasonography of Maternal and Children Health Hospital of Guangxi, Guangxi Province 530022, PR China
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Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of Insulin Secretion and Signaling-Related Genes in Etiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Genet Res (Camb) 2021; 2021:7781823. [PMID: 34949963 PMCID: PMC8668318 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7781823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy in women. PCOS is characterized by anovulation, hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries, insulin resistance, and obesity. Despite the finding that the genetic origin of PCOS is well demonstrated in previous twin and familial clustering studies, genes and factors that can exactly explain the PCOS pathophysiology are not known. Objective(s). In this review, we attempted to identify genes related to secretion and signaling of insulin aspects of PCOS and their physiological functions in order to explain the pathways that are regulated by these genes which can be a prominent function in PCOS predisposition. Materials and Methods. For this purpose, published articles and reviews dealing with genetic evaluation of PCOS in women from peer-reviewed journals in PubMed and Google Scholar databases were included in this review. Results. The genomic investigations in women of different populations identified many candidate genes and loci that are associated with PCOS. The most important of them are INSR, IRS1-2, MTNR1A, MTNR1B, THADA, PPAR-γ2, ADIPOQ, and CAPN10. These are mainly associated with metabolic aspects of PCOS. Conclusions. In this review, we proposed that each of these genes may interrupt specific physiological pathways by affecting them and contribute to PCOS initiation. It is clear that the role of genes involved in insulin secretion and signaling is more critical than other pathways.
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Rahimi Z, Chamaie-Nejad F, Saeidi S, Rahimi Z, Ebrahimi A, Shakiba E, Vaisi-Raygani A. The Association of PPARγ Pro12Ala and C161T Polymorphisms with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Their Influence on Lipid and Lipoprotein Profiles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2018; 12:147-151. [PMID: 29707932 PMCID: PMC5936613 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2018.5270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background The aim of present study was to clarify the role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)
γ Pro12Ala and C161T polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and their influence
on lipid and lipoprotein profiles of patients. Materials and Methods The present cross-sectional study consisted of 50 women with PCOS, who referred to the
Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Clinic between April and October 2015, and 233 unrelated age-matched
healthy women from the same region (West Iran). The PPARγ Pro12Ala and PPARγ C161T polymorphisms were gen-
otyped using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Fasting blood sugar
(FBS), serum triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, low density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-
cholesterol (HDL-C) and estradiol levels were measured. Results The serum level of estradiol was significantly lower in PCOS patients compared to healthy women. The PPARγ
Pro12Ala (CG) genotype increased the risk of PCOS 2.96-fold. The frequency of the PPARγ T allele (at C161T) was 21%
in patients and 17.2% in controls with no significant difference (P=0.52). In all studied individuals, the PPARγ CG geno-
type was associated with significantly higher levels of TG. However, significantly lower levels of total cholesterol and
LDL-C were observed in PPARγ TT individuals compared with those with the CC genotype. Within the PCOS group, the
PPARγ CG genotype was significantly associated with lower levels of estradiol compared with the CC genotype. Also,
the CG genotype was significantly associated with higher levels of TG when compared with the CC genotype. Conclusion Our study shows that, unlike PPARγ C161T, PPARγ Pro12Ala is associated with the risk of PCOS. Also,
we found that the lipid and lipoprotein profiles significantly vary based on PPARγ Pro12Ala and C161T genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Rahimi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | - Foroogh Chamaie-Nejad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shohreh Saeidi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ziba Rahimi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Ebrahimi
- Department of Dermatology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Shakiba
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | - Asad Vaisi-Raygani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Fertlility and Infertility Research Centre, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Thangavelu M, Godla UR, Paul Solomon FD, Maddaly R. Single-nucleotide polymorphism of INS, INSR, IRS1, IRS2, PPAR-G and CAPN10 genes in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Genet 2017; 96:87-96. [PMID: 28360393 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-017-0749-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common and a complex female endocrine disorder, and is one of the leading cause of female infertility. Here, we aimed to investigate the association of single-nucleotide polymorphism of INS, INSR, IRS1, IRS2, PPAR-G and CAPN10 gene in the pathogenesis of PCOS. A hospital-based, observational case-control study was carried on 169 PCOS and 169 control women in the southern region of India. Genotype was carried out by real-time polymerase chain reaction. A chi-square (χ2) test was performed and the genotypes were verified to comply with the Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated to assess the relative risk. Comparison of clinical characteristics of women with PCOS and controls reveal an increase in body mass index (BMI), luteinizing hormone / follicle stimulating hormone (LH/FSH) ratio, glucose levels, insulin, testosterone, hirsutism and antral follicular count in PCOS women. The variant rs1801278 (P = 0.002; OR = 2.88; 95% CI = 1.43, 5.80) show an association with PCOS. In the genotypic (P = 0.0002) and allelic models (P = 0.000), significance persisted even after Bonferroni correction. The genotypes of SNPs strongly influence BMI, LH, LH/FSH ratio, ovarian volume and antral follicular count in PCOS women. The study results were suggestive of a positive association between Gly972Arg of IRS1 and PCOS in the south Indian population, while INS, IRS2, PPAR-G and CAPN10 failed to show any association with PCOS in our studied population. Further studies focussing the role of IRS1 are warranted to delineate its implication towards PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheswari Thangavelu
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai 600 116, India.
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Maxel T, Svendsen PF, Smidt K, Lauridsen JK, Brock B, Pedersen SB, Rungby J, Larsen A. Expression Patterns and Correlations with Metabolic Markers of Zinc Transporters ZIP14 and ZNT1 in Obesity and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:38. [PMID: 28303117 PMCID: PMC5332389 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with infertility, increased androgen levels, and insulin resistance. In adipose tissue, zinc facilitates insulin signaling. Circulating zinc levels are altered in obesity, diabetes, and PCOS; and zinc supplementation can ameliorate metabolic disturbances in PCOS. In adipose tissue, expression of zinc influx transporter ZIP14 varies with body mass index (BMI), clinical markers of metabolic syndrome, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG). In this study, we investigated expression levels of ZIP14 and PPARG in subcutaneous adipose tissue of 36 PCOS women (17 lean and 19 obese women) compared with 23 healthy controls (7 lean and 16 obese women). Further, expression levels of zinc transporter ZIP9, a recently identified androgen receptor, and zinc efflux transporter ZNT1 were investigated, alongside lipid profile and markers of glucose metabolism [insulin degrading enzyme, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4)]. We find that ZIP14 expression is reduced in obesity and positively correlates with PPARG expression, which is downregulated with increasing BMI. ZNT1 is upregulated in obesity, and both ZIP14 and ZNT1 expression significantly correlates with clinical markers of altered glucose metabolism. In addition, RBP4 and GLUT4 associate with obesity, but an association with PCOS as such was present only for PPARG and RBP4. ZIP14 and ZNT1 does not relate to clinical androgen status and ZIP9 is unaffected by all parameters investigated. In conclusion, our findings support the existence of a zinc dyshomeostasis in adipose tissue in metabolic disturbances including PCOS-related obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Maxel
- Faculty of Health, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pernille Fog Svendsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kamille Smidt
- Faculty of Health, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Birgitte Brock
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønlykke Pedersen
- Faculty of Health, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology (MEA), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Rungby
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Agnete Larsen
- Faculty of Health, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Zhang Z, Guo M, Zhao S, Xu W, Shao J, Zhang F, Wu L, Lu Y, Zheng S. The update on transcriptional regulation of autophagy in normal and pathologic cells: A novel therapeutic target. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 74:17-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Zhao J, Zhi Z, Song G, Wang J, Wang C, Ma H, Yu X, Sui A, Zhang H. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma Pro12Ala Polymorphism Could be a Risk Factor for Gastric Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:2333-40. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.6.2333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Sequence variants of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma gene and the clinical courses of patients with end-stage renal disease. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:763459. [PMID: 25784779 PMCID: PMC4345048 DOI: 10.1155/2015/763459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background. PPAR-γ single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reportedly play an important role in determining metabolic risk among diverse population. Whether PPAR-γ SNPs affect the clinical courses in ESRD patients is unknown. Methods. From a multicenter cohort, we identified 698 patients with prevalent ESRD between 2002 and 2003, and other 782 healthy subjects as control. Two PPAR-γ SNPs, Pro12Ala (rs1801282) and C161T (rs3856806), were genotyped and their association with ESRD was examined. Both groups were prospectively followed until 2007, and the predictability of genotypes for the long-term survival of ESRD patients was analyzed. Results. After multivariable-adjusted regression, GG genotype of Pro12Ala was significantly more likely to associate with ESRD (P < 0.001) among patients with non-diabetes-related ESRD. Cox's proportional hazard regression showed that both Pro12Ala and C161T polymorphisms were significant predictors of mortality in ESRD patients with DM (Pro12Ala: GG versus other genotypes, hazard ratio [HR] <0.01; P < 0.001; for C161T, CC versus TT genotypes, HR 2.86; P < 0.001; CT versus TT genotypes, HR 1.93; P < 0.001). Conclusion. This is the first and largest study to evaluate PPAR-γ SNPs in ESRD patients. Further mechanistic study is needed to elucidate the role of PPAR-γ among ESRD patients.
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Ben-Shlomo I, Younis JS. Basic research in PCOS: are we reaching new frontiers? Reprod Biomed Online 2014; 28:669-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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WANG YUXIA, ZHU WEIJIE, XIE BAOGUO. Expression of PPAR-γ in adipose tissue of rats with polycystic ovary syndrome induced by DHEA. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:889-93. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Baldani DP, Skrgatic L, Cerne JZ, Ferk P, Simunic V, Gersak K. Association of PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism with insulin sensitivity and body mass index in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Biomed Rep 2013; 2:199-206. [PMID: 24649096 DOI: 10.3892/br.2013.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is one of the key factors in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) plays a role in the regulation of insulin sensitivity. The aim of the present study was to establish a possible association of the PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism with PCOS and its effect on family and personal history, as well as on the metabolic and endocrine parameters in PCOS patients. A total of 151 PCOS patients and 179 healthy women of reproductive age were enrolled. History, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio and the presence of phenotypic hyperandrogenism were recorded. Hormonal, metabolic and biochemical profiles were assessed. A molecular analysis for the genetic polymorphism was performed. One third (29.8%) of the PCOS patients were found to be carriers of at least one variant of the Ala allele (X/Ala), while 70.2% carried two wild-type Pro alleles (Pro/Pro), with an equal distribution observed in the control group. The PCOS patients carrying the X/Ala alleles exhibited lower serum fasting insulin levels, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and BMI compared to Pro/Pro carriers. This finding was significant only in the lean PCOS group. The polymorphic genotype exerted no effect on history, hormonal and clinical hyperandrogenism, lipid status or C-reactive protein, leptin, adiponectin, resistin and ghrelin serum levels in women with PCOS. In conclusion, although the PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism is not a major determinant of PCOS in the Croatian population, it may exert a positive effect on insulin sensitivity and BMI. As these associations were recorded exclusively in the lean group of patients with PCOS, this polymorphism potentially contributes to a protective role against hyperinsulinemia and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinka Pavicic Baldani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Human Reproduction, University of Zagreb Medical School, University of Zagreb Medical Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lana Skrgatic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Human Reproduction, University of Zagreb Medical School, University of Zagreb Medical Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasmina Z Cerne
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Ljubljana Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Polonca Ferk
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Velimir Simunic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Human Reproduction, University of Zagreb Medical School, University of Zagreb Medical Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ksenija Gersak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Ljubljana Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Wang J, Guo X, Wu P, Song J, Ye C, Yu S, Zhang J, Dong W. Association between the Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPAR-γ gene and the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis. Gene 2013; 528:328-34. [PMID: 23891820 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have been conducted to examine the association between PPAR-γ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the results remain inconsistent. In this study, a meta-analysis was performed to assess the association of PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism with NAFLD risk. A total of 8 case-control studies, including 1697 cases and 2427 controls, were selected. Pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using fixed- or random-effects model. Overall, no evidence has indicated that the Pro12Ala polymorphism was associated with the susceptibility to NAFLD. Besides, stratified analysis with ethnicity also indicated that no significant association between PPAR-γ Pro12Ala and the risk of NAFLD under all for genetic model in both Asian and Caucasian populations was observed. This meta-analysis indicated that the Pro12Ala polymorphism is not associated with NAFLD risk. Large and well-designed studies are warranted to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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13
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Lakkakula BVKS, Thangavelu M, Godla UR. Genetic variants associated with insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review. J Assist Reprod Genet 2013; 30:883-95. [PMID: 23794114 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-013-0030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome must be recognized as a serious issue due to its implication on long term health regardless of an individual's age. PCOS and insulin resistance are interlinked, as approximately 40 % of women with PCOS are insulin resistant. However, the detailed molecular basis for insulin resistance that is coupled with PCOS remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To review the published evidence that polymorphisms in genes that are involved in insulin secretion and action are associated with an increased risk of PCOS. METHODS We reviewed articles published through November 2012 which concerned polymorphisms of genes related to insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis as well as their associations with PCOS. The articles were identified via Medline searches. CONCLUSIONS No consistent evidence emerged of a strong association between the risk of PCOS and any known gene that is related to insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis. Moreover, recent genome-wide association studies are inconsistent in identifying the associations between PCOS and insulin metabolism genes. Many of the studies reviewed were limited by heterogeneity in the PCOS diagnosis and by not have having a sufficient number of study participants. Further studies are warranted to determine predisposing risk factors which could modify environmental factors and thus reduce the risk of PCOS. Large genome-wide association studies devoted solely to PCOS will be necessary to identify new candidate genes and proteins that are involved in PCOS risk.
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Shaikh N, Mukherjee A, Shah N, Meherji P, Mukherjee S. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma gene variants influence susceptibility and insulin related traits in Indian women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Assist Reprod Genet 2013; 30:913-21. [PMID: 23748472 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-013-0025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a transcription factor involved in glucose and lipid metabolism is one of the candidate genes associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We investigated individual and combined associations of Pro12Ala and His447His polymorphisms of PPARγ with PCOS susceptibility and its related traits (hyperinsulinemia, hyperandrogenemia and lipid parameters) in Indian women. METHOD Genotyping of PPARγ polymorphisms in this case-control study was performed in PCOS (n = 450) and age-matched controls (n = 300) by direct sequencing. Clinical, anthropometric, hormonal and metabolic parameters were estimated in 275 women with PCOS and 169 controls. Chi-square test was used to compare the categorical data while regression analysis was used to evaluate association of genotypes with PCOS as well as its related phenotypes. RESULTS The frequencies of CC and CG + GG genotypes of Pro12Ala (χ² = 15.3, p < 0.0001) and CC and CT + TT genotypes of His447His (χ² = 12.7, p = 0.0004) polymorphisms were significantly different between PCOS and controls. Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association of PCOS with Pro12Ala but not the His447His polymorphism. Carriers of variant genotypes at both PPARγ loci showed significantly reduced 2 h glucose levels while carriers of variant His447His genotype showed lower fasting insulin and HOMA-IR levels in PCOS women. CONCLUSIONS Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPARγ showed significant association with decreased PCOS susceptibility. Both polymorphisms influenced insulin related traits (2 h glucose, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR) and improved glucose metabolism in these women. This is the first report to establish that variations in PPARγ gene influence the insulin resistance pathophysiology in Indian women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuzhat Shaikh
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J. M. Street, Parel Mumbai 400012, India.
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Murthi P, Kalionis B, Cocquebert M, Rajaraman G, Chui A, Keogh RJ, Evain-Brion D, Fournier T. Homeobox genes and down-stream transcription factor PPARγ in normal and pathological human placental development. Placenta 2013; 34:299-309. [PMID: 23484914 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The placenta provides critical transport functions between the maternal and fetal circulations during intrauterine development. Formation of this interface is controlled by nuclear transcription factors including homeobox genes. Here we summarize current knowledge regarding the expression and function of homeobox genes in the placenta. We also describe the identification of target transcription factors including PPARγ, biological pathways regulated by homeobox genes and their role in placental development. The role of the nuclear receptor PPARγ, ligands and target genes in human placental development is also discussed. A better understanding of these pathways will improve our knowledge of placental cell biology and has the potential to reveal new molecular targets for the early detection and diagnosis of pregnancy complications including human fetal growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Murthi
- Department of Perinatal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre, Australia
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Huo Y, Zou H, Lang M, Ji SX, Yin XL, Zheng Z, Liu W, Chen CL, Yuan RD, Ye J. Association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and primary open-angle glaucoma: a meta-analysis. Gene 2012; 512:179-84. [PMID: 23123730 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) risk. However, the results remain conflicting. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between MTHFRC677T polymorphism and POAG risk. All genetic association studies on MTHFR C677T polymorphism and POAG were systematically searched by the electronic databases PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. Study selection, data abstraction and study quality evaluation were conducted in duplicate independently. The strength of association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and POAG was measured by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Publication bias was tested by Begg's funnel plot and Egger's regression test. A total of 10 studies including 1224 cases and 1105 controls were included in our final meta-analysis. There was no evidence of significant association of the overall population (for allelic model: OR=1.17, 95% CI=0.94-1.46; for additive model: OR=1.15, 95% CI=0.85-1.57; for dominant model: OR=1.19, 95% CI=0.92-1.55 and for recessive model: OR=1.11, 95% CI=0.83-1.49). Significant associations were found between MTHFR C677T polymorphisms and POAG in allelic model (OR=1.39, 95% CI=1.05-1.83) and additive model (OR=1.88, 95% CI=1.04-3.43) for population-based (PB) subgroup. This meta-analysis suggested that there were significant associations between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and POAG in allelic model and additive model for PB subgroup which indicated that the T allele or TT genotype might increase the risk of POAG, whereas no evidence of significant association was shown of the overall studied population. However, this conclusion should be interpreted cautiously. More large sample-size and multi-ethnicity studies with well-defined POAG patients and well-study design are needed in the future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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No association between IL-1β -511 C/T polymorphism and the risk of duodenal ulcer: a meta-analysis of 4667 subjects. Gene 2012; 506:188-94. [PMID: 22759516 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between IL-1β -511 C/T polymorphism and duodenal ulcer (DU) risk. However, the results remain conflicting. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to investigate a more authentic association between IL-1β -511 C/T polymorphism and DU. Systematic searches of electronic databases Embase, PubMed and Web of Science as well as hand searching of the references of identified articles and the meeting abstracts were performed. Study selection, data abstraction and study quality evaluation were independently conducted in duplicate. Statistical analyses were performed using software Stata 11.0. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were performed. Publication bias was tested by Begg's funnel plot and Egger's regression test. A total of 14 studies including 1887 cases and 2780 controls were included in our final meta-analysis. There was no evidence of significant association between IL-1β -511 C/T polymorphism and DU (for T allele vs. C allele: OR=0.93, 95% CI=0.82-1.06; for T/T vs. C/C: OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.64-1.08; for dominant model: OR=0.93, 95% CI=0.80-1.07; and for recessive model: OR=0.87, 95% CI=0.69-1.11). Significant association was found in all genetic models for the PB subgroup and sensitivity analyses. In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggests that there was no evidence of a significant association between IL-1β -511 C/T polymorphism and DU with or without Helicobacter pylori infection, whereas a significant association was found by sensitivity analyses which showed a protective effect of the T allele against DU risk.
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