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Yang L, Wei F, Zhan X, Fan H, Zhao P, Huang G, Chang J, Lei Y, Hu Y. Evolutionary conservation genomics reveals recent speciation and local adaptation in threatened takins. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6590449. [PMID: 35599233 PMCID: PMC9174980 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Incorrect species delimitation will lead to inappropriate conservation decisions, especially for threatened species. The takin (Budorcas taxicolor) is a large artiodactyl endemic to the Himalayan–Hengduan–Qinling Mountains and is well known for its threatened status and peculiar appearance. However, the speciation, intraspecies taxonomy, evolutionary history, and adaptive evolution of this species still remain unclear, which greatly hampers its scientific conservation. Here, we de novo assembled a high-quality chromosome-level genome of takin and resequenced the genomes of 75 wild takins. Phylogenomics revealed that takin was positioned at the root of Caprinae. Population genomics based on the autosome, X chromosome, and Y chromosome SNPs and mitochondrial genomes consistently revealed the existence of two phylogenetic species and recent speciation in takins: the Himalayan takin (B. taxicolor) and the Chinese takin (B. tibetana), with the support of morphological evidence. Two genetically divergent subspecies were identified in both takin species, rejecting three previously proposed taxonomical viewpoints. Furthermore, their distribution boundaries were determined, suggesting that large rivers play important roles in shaping the genetic partition. Compared with the other subspecies, the Qinling subspecies presented the lowest genomic diversity, higher linkage disequilibrium, inbreeding, and genetic load, thus is in urgent need of genetic management and protection. Moreover, coat color gene (PMEL) variation may be responsible for the adaptive coat color difference between the two species following Gloger’s rule. Our findings provide novel insights into the recent speciation, local adaptation, scientific conservation of takins, and biogeography of the Himalaya–Hengduan biodiversity hotspot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuwen Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xiangjiang Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Huizhong Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengpeng Zhao
- Shaanxi (Louguantai) Rescue and Breeding Center for Rare Wildlife, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangping Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghu Lei
- Shaanxi (Louguantai) Rescue and Breeding Center for Rare Wildlife, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yibo Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Hamad L, Kreidieh K, Hamdan MB, Nakouzi G, Yazbek S. Mapping the Diverse Genetic Disorders and Rare Diseases Among the Syrian Population: Implications on Refugee Health and Health Services in Host Countries. J Immigr Minor Health 2021; 22:1347-1367. [PMID: 32172498 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-020-00987-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review is to provide physicians and researchers with a comprehensive list of reported genetic disorders in patients of Syrian origin-those who have become part of the largest displaced population globally-and to highlight the need to consider migrant population-based risk for the development of genetic disease control and prevention programs. This review was performed based on the 2015 PRISMA and the international prospective register of systematic reviews. The present review reports on a total of 166 genetic disorders (only 128 reported on OMIM) identified in the Syrian population. Of these disorders, 27% are endocrine-, nutritional- and metabolic-related diseases. Second to metabolic disorders are congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities. Diseases of the blood and the blood-forming organs accounted for 13% of the total genetic disorders. The majority of the genetic disorders reported in Syrian patients followed an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. These findings are a reflection of the high rates of consanguineous marriages that favor the increase in incidence of these diseases. From the diseases that followed an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, 22% are reported to be only present in Syria and other regional countries. Twelve of these genetic diseases were identified to be strictly diagnosed in individuals of Syrian origin. The present systematic review highlights the need to develop programs that target genetic disorders affecting Syrian migrants in host countries. These programs would have potential financial and economic benefits, as well as a positive impact on the physical and mental health of members of the Syrian refugee community and those of their host societies. In turn, this would decrease the burden on the health systems in host countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Hamad
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Khalil Kreidieh
- Office of Faculty Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mirna Bou Hamdan
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, P.O Box 11-0236, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Ghunwa Nakouzi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Soha Yazbek
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, P.O Box 11-0236, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon.
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Santos syndrome is caused by mutation in the WNT7A gene. J Hum Genet 2017; 62:1073-1078. [PMID: 28855715 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2017.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have recently described a family with a condition (Santos syndrome (SS; MIM 613005)) characterized by fibular agenesis/hypoplasia, hypoplastic femora and grossly malformed/deformed clubfeet with severe oligodactyly, ungual hypoplasia/anonychia, sometimes associated with mild brachydactyly and occasional pre-axial polydactyly. Autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance was suggested, but autosomal recessive inheritance could not be ruled out, due to the high frequency of consanguineous matings in the region where the family lived. This report deals with linkage studies and exome sequencing, disclosing a novel variant in WNT7A, c.934G>A (p.Gly312Ser), as the cause of this syndrome. This variant was present in homozygous state in five individuals typically affected by the SS syndrome, and in heterozygous state in the son of one affected homozygous individual. The heterozygous boy presented only unilateral complex polysyndactyly and we hypothesize that he either presents a distinct defect or that his phenotype results from a rare, mild clinical manifestation of the variant in heterozygous state. Variants in WNT7A are known to cause at least two other limb defect disorders, the syndromes of Fuhrmann and Al-Awadi/Raas-Rothschild. Despite their variable degree of expressivity and overlap, the three related conditions can be differentiated phenotypically in most instances.
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Oppelt PG, Müller A, Stephan L, Dittrich R, Lermann J, Büttner C, Ekici AB, Conzelmann G, Seeger H, Schöller D, Rall K, Beckmann MW, Strissel PL, Brucker SY, Strick R. Hyperandrogenemia and high prolactin in congenital utero–vaginal aplasia patients. Reproduction 2017; 153:555-563. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Patients with the Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome (MRKH) have a congenital utero–vaginal cervical aplasia, but normal or hypoplastic adnexa and develop with normal female phenotype. Some reports mostly demonstrated regular steroid hormone levels in small MRKH cohorts including single MRKH patients with hyperandrogenemia and a clinical presentationof hirsutism and acne has also been shown. Genetically a correlation of WNT4 mutations with singular MRKH patients and hyperandrogenemia was noted. This study analyzed the hormone status of 215 MRKH patients by determining the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, 17-OH progesterone, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) and prolactin to determine the incidence of hyperandrogenemia and hyperprolactinemia in MRKH patients. Additional calculations and a ratio of free androgen index and biologically active testosterone revealed a hyperandrogenemia rate of 48.3%, hyperprolactinemia of 9.8% and combined hyperandrogenemia and hyperprolactinemia of 4.2% in MRKH patients. The rates of hirsutism, acne and especially polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were in the normal range of the population and showed no correlation with hyperandrogenemia. A weekly hormone assessment over 30 days comparing 5 controls and 7 MRKH patients revealed high androgen and prolactin, but lower LH/FSH and SHBG levels with MRKH patients. The sequencing of WNT4, WNT5A, WNT7A and WNT9B demonstrated no significant mutations correlating with hyperandrogenemia. Taken together, this study shows that over 52% of MRKH patients have hyperandrogenemia without clinical presentation and 14% hyperprolactinemia, which appeals for general hormone assessment and adjustments of MRKH patients.
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Mutlu MB, Cetinkaya A, Koc N, Ceylaner G, Erguner B, Aydın H, Karaman S, Demirci O, Goksu K, Karaman A. A novel missense mutation, p.(R102W) in WNT7A causes Al-Awadi Raas-Rothschild syndrome in a fetus. Eur J Med Genet 2016; 59:604-606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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