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Burke S. Hypoxia, NSAIDs, and autism: A biocultural analysis of stressors in gametogenesis. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e24042. [PMID: 38282542 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cultural and generational trends have increasingly favored "anti-inflammatory" action, innovating a new class of analgesic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the 20th century. The modern human body has been molded over evolutionary time and while acknowledging inflammation can be pathologically entwined, it also serves an important role in healthy folliculogenesis and ovulation, shaping cues that drive needed vascular change. This review argues that because of anti-inflammatory action, the cultural invention of NSAIDs represents a particular stressor on female reproductive-age bodies, interacting with natural, underlying variation and placing limits on healthy growth and development in the follicles, creating potential autism risk through hypoxia and mutagenic or epigenetic effects. Since testes are analogs to ovaries, the biological grounding extends naturally to spermatogenesis. This review suggests the introduction of over-the-counter NSAIDs in the 1980s failed to recognize the unique functioning of reproductive-age bodies, challenging the cyclical inflammation needed for healthy gamete development. NSAIDs are framed as one (notable) stressor in an anti-inflammatory era focused on taming the risks of inflammation in modern human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacie Burke
- Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Dawidowicz M, Kula A, Świętochowski P, Ostrowska Z. Assessment of the impact of PTGS1, PTGS2 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms on pain, effectiveness and safety of NSAID therapies. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2020. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.5497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX-1, COX-2) are enzymes that catalyze the first reaction in the arachidonic acid pathway. COXs are the therapeutic target for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Inhibition of COX enzymatic activity has an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and sometimes antiplatelet effect. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within genes encoding COX-1 and COX-2 (PTGS1, PTGS2) influence the risk of pain and their intensity in some diseases. They also affect the effectiveness of NSAID therapy in rheumatoid diseases. Moreover, the relationship between certain polymorphisms of PTGS2 and a higher risk of migraine and the development of aspirin resistance in the prophylaxis of cardiovascular diseases was demonstrated. The isoform of cytochrome P450, CYP2C9 has a significant influence on the efficacy and safety of NSAID use. It is responsible for the metabolism and speed of removal of these drugs. The occurrence of some of its polymorphic forms is associated with a decrease in CYP2C9 enzymatic activity, leading to changes in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of NSAIDs. The prolonged half-life and decrease in clearance of these drugs lead to serious side effects such as hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, anaphylactic reactions, cardiovascular or gastrointestinal incidents. Studies on polymorphisms of cyclooxygenases and CYP2C9 may improve the safety and efficacy of NSAIDs therapy by adjusting the dose to individual polymorphic variants, as well as expanding knowledge about the pathomechanism of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Dawidowicz
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Silesia in Zabrze, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kula
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Silesia in Zabrze, Poland
| | | | - Zofia Ostrowska
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Silesia in Zabrze, Poland
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Guan X, Dong C, Zhu P, Chen C, Wang T, Wu M, Dong X. Association of the cyclooxygenase-2 1759A allele with migraine in Chinese Han individuals. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239856. [PMID: 32997693 PMCID: PMC7526883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of migraine, and some polymorphisms are known to affect the expression of COX-2. This retrospective case-control study aimed to explore the associations between the -765 G>C (rs20417), -1759 G>A (rs3218625), and -8473 C>T (rs5275) COX-2 polymorphisms and migraine in Chinese Han individuals. One hundred and ten unrelated Han Chinese patients with migraine and 108 healthy controls were recruited between 03/2014 and 08/2016 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang City. The genotypes of all polymorphisms in controls followed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P = 0.215, P = 0.884, and P = 0.689). There were differences in the genotype and allele distributions of the COX-2-1759G>A (Gly587Arg) polymorphism between the migraine and control groups (P = 0.038 and P = 0.040, respectively). Compared with the COX-2-1759AG genotype, GG genotype carriers had an increased risk of migraine (odds ratio (OR) = 8.720, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.072-70.960, P = 0.038). The frequency of the COX-2-1759A allele in patients with migraine was significantly lower than the controls (OR = 0.119, 95%CI: 0.015-0.957, P = 0.040). Adjusted age and sex, a statistical difference was found in the dominant model of COX-2-1759 G>A (OR = 0.118, 95% CI 0.014 to 0.962, P = 0.046). No significant difference was detected regarding the -765G>C and -8473T>C polymorphisms between the two groups. The COX-2 1759A allele might be involved in the development of migraine in Chinese Han individuals, but this will have to be confirmed in large-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Guan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University/The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail: (XG); (XD)
| | - Changhong Dong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pinhuan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Teng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengping Wu
- Department of Statistics, The Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University/The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail: (XG); (XD)
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Wang X, Zhao H, Liu L, Niu P, Zhai C, Li J, Xu Q, Zhao D. Hejie Zhitong prescription promotes sleep and inhibits nociceptive transmission-associated neurotransmitter activity in a rodent migraine model. Chin Med 2020; 15:105. [PMID: 33014123 PMCID: PMC7526328 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migraine is painful disease in which neurotransmitters related to pain transmission play an important role. Hejie Zhitong prescription (HJZT) has been used in the clinic as an effective prescription for the treatment of migraine for many years. Our team aimed to further explore its antimigraine mechanism based on previous research results and to explore the inhibitory effect of HJZT on the transmission of pain related to nitroglycerine (NTG)-induced migraine as well as the synergistic effect of HJZT with pentobarbital sodium on promoting sleep. METHODS Sixty mice were randomly assigned to groups and received the corresponding interventions. Sleep latency and sleep time were recorded to calculate the incidence of sleep. Forty-eight Wistar rats were randomly assigned and administered an intervention corresponding to their group. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), serotonin (5-HT), substance P (SP), and cholecystokinin (CCK) levels were measured using ELISAs. Levels of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein were assessed using immunohistochemistry. The expression of the CGRP and CCK mRNAs in the midbrain and trigeminal ganglion (TG) were measured using real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS HJZT promoted the occurrence of sleep in mice. HJZT downregulated COX-2 expression in the midbrain and TG of rats but upregulated the expression of the CB1R, and decreased the plasma level of the CGRP protein and expression of its mRNA in the midbrain and TG. It also downregulated the expression of the CCK mRNA in the midbrain and TG. The high-dose HJZT treatment increased plasma 5-HT levels, but did not induce changes in the plasma levels of the SP or CCK protein. CONCLUSIONS HJZT exerts a synergistic effect with pentobarbital sodium on promoting sleep. As for anti-migraine, HJZT can inhibits the expression of nociceptive transmission-associated neurotransmitters, including 5-HT, CGRP and CCK, which may be related to its upregulation of CB1R and downregulation of COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinna Wang
- Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117 China
| | - Hongfei Zhao
- Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin, 130051 China
| | - Liming Liu
- Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117 China
| | - Ping Niu
- Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117 China
| | - Chao Zhai
- Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117 China
| | - Jinjian Li
- Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117 China
| | - Qiaoli Xu
- Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117 China
| | - Dexi Zhao
- Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117 China
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Genetic predictors of human chronic pain conditions. Neuroscience 2016; 338:36-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kondratieva N, Azimova J, Skorobogatykh K, Sergeev A, Naumova E, Kokaeva Z, Anuchina A, Rudko O, Tabeeva G, Klimov E. Biomarkers of migraine: Part 1 – Genetic markers. J Neurol Sci 2016; 369:63-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Applebaum E, Nackley AG, Bair E, Maixner W, Khan AA. Genetic Variants in Cyclooxygenase-2 Contribute to Post-treatment Pain among Endodontic Patients. J Endod 2015; 41:1214-8. [PMID: 26081267 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have a well-established analgesic efficacy for inflammatory pain. These drugs exert their effect by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) and are commonly used for the management of pain after endodontic treatment. There are 2 distinct isoforms of COX: COX-1, which is constitutively expressed, and COX-2, which is primarily induced by inflammation. Previous studies have shown that functional human genetic variants of the COX-2 gene may explain individual variations in acute pain. The present study extends this work by examining the potential contribution of the 2 COX isoforms to pain after endodontic treatment. METHODS Ninety-four patients treated by endodontic residents at the University of North Carolina School of Dentistry were enrolled into a prospective cohort study. Data on potential predictors of post-treatment pain were collected, and all patients submitted saliva samples for genetic analysis. Nonsurgical root canal therapy was performed, and participants recorded pain levels for 5 days after. RESULTS In this study, 63% of patients experienced at least mild pain after root canal therapy, and 24% experienced moderate to severe pain. The presence of pretreatment pain was correlated with higher post-treatment pain (P = .01). Elevated heart rate (P = .02) and higher diastolic blood pressure (P = .024) were also correlated with decreased post-treatment pain. Finally, we identified genetic variants in COX-2 (haplotype composed of rs2383515 G, rs5277 G, rs5275 T, and rs2206593 A) associated with post-treatment pain after endodontic treatment (P = .025). CONCLUSIONS Understanding the genetic basis of pain after endodontic treatment will advance its prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Applebaum
- Private Practice, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Andrea G Nackley
- Center for Pain Research and Innovation, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Eric Bair
- Center for Pain Research and Innovation, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - William Maixner
- Center for Pain Research and Innovation, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Asma A Khan
- Center for Pain Research and Innovation, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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Migraine genetics: current findings and future lines of research. Neurogenetics 2014; 16:77-95. [PMID: 25501253 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-014-0433-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, migraine research has greatly advanced our current knowledge of the genetic contributions and the pathophysiology of this common and debilitating disorder. Nonetheless, this knowledge still needs to grow further and to translate into more effective treatments. To date, several genes involved in syndromic and monogenic forms of migraine have been identified, allowing the generation of animal models which have significantly contributed to current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying these rare forms of migraine. Common forms of migraine are instead posing a greater challenge, as they may most often stem from complex interactions between multiple common genetic variants, with environmental triggers. This paper reviews our current understanding of migraine genetics, moving from syndromic and monogenic forms to oligogenic/polygenic migraines most recently addressed with some success through genome-wide association studies. Methodological issues in study design and future perspectives opened by biomarker research will also be briefly addressed.
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