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Deshpande NP, Riordan SM, Gorman CJ, Nielsen S, Russell TL, Correa-Ospina C, Fernando BSM, Waters SA, Castaño-Rodríguez N, Man SM, Tedla N, Wilkins MR, Kaakoush NO. Multi-omics of the esophageal microenvironment identifies signatures associated with progression of Barrett's esophagus. Genome Med 2021; 13:133. [PMID: 34412659 PMCID: PMC8375061 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00951-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The enrichment of Gram-negative bacteria of oral origin in the esophageal microbiome has been associated with the development of metaplasia. However, to date, no study has comprehensively assessed the relationships between the esophageal microbiome and the host. METHODS Here, we examine the esophageal microenvironment in gastro-esophageal reflux disease and metaplasia using multi-omics strategies targeting the microbiome and host transcriptome, followed by targeted culture, comparative genomics, and host-microbial interaction studies of bacterial signatures of interest. RESULTS Profiling of the host transcriptome from esophageal mucosal biopsies revealed profound changes during metaplasia. Importantly, five biomarkers showed consistent longitudinal changes with disease progression from reflux disease to metaplasia. We showed for the first time that the esophageal microbiome is distinct from the salivary microbiome and the enrichment of Campylobacter species as a consistent signature in disease across two independent cohorts. Shape fitting and matrix correlation identified associations between the microbiome and host transcriptome profiles, with a novel co-exclusion relationship found between Campylobacter and napsin B aspartic peptidase. Targeted culture of Campylobacter species from the same cohort revealed a subset of isolates to have a higher capacity to survive within primary human macrophages. Comparative genomic analyses showed these isolates could be differentiated by specific genomic features, one of which was validated to be associated with intracellular fitness. Screening for these Campylobacter strain-specific signatures in shotgun metagenomics data from another cohort showed an increase in prevalence with disease progression. Comparative transcriptomic analyses of primary esophageal epithelial cells exposed to the Campylobacter isolates revealed expression changes within those infected with strains with high intracellular fitness that could explain the increased likelihood of disease progression. CONCLUSIONS We provide a comprehensive assessment of the esophageal microenvironment, identifying bacterial strain-specific signatures with high relevance to progression of metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandan P Deshpande
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Stephen M Riordan
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Claire J Gorman
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Shaun Nielsen
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Tonia L Russell
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Bentotage S M Fernando
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Shafagh A Waters
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Si Ming Man
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Nicodemus Tedla
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Marc R Wilkins
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nadeem O Kaakoush
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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Yoneshima E, Okamoto K, Sakai E, Nishishita K, Yoshida N, Tsukuba T. The Transcription Factor EB (TFEB) Regulates Osteoblast Differentiation Through ATF4/CHOP-Dependent Pathway. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1321-33. [PMID: 26519689 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells that produce large amounts of collagen type I and various bone matrix proteins. Although osteoblast differentiation is highly regulated by various factors, it remains unknown whether lysosomes are directly involved in osteoblast differentiation. Here, we demonstrate the transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis, modulates osteoblast differentiation. The expression levels of TFEB as well as those of endosomal/lysosomal proteins were up-regulated during osteoblast differentiation using mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. By gene knockdown (KD) experiments with small interfering RNA (siRNA), TFEB depletion caused markedly reduced osteoblast differentiation as compared with the control cells. Conversely, overexpression (OE) of TFEB resulted in strikingly enhanced osteoblastogenesis compared to the control cells. By analysis of down-stream effector molecules, TFEB KD was found to cause marked up-regulation of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), both of which are essential factors for osteoblastogenesis. In contrast, TFEB OE promoted osteoblast differentiation through reduced expression of ATF4 and CHOP without differentiation agents. Given the importance of ATF4 and CHOP in osteoblastogenesis, it is clear that the TFEB-regulated signaling pathway for osteoblast differentiation is involved in ATF4/CHOP-dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Yoneshima
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Okamoto
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Eiko Sakai
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nishishita
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Noriaki Yoshida
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tsukuba
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Plastid trnF pseudogenes are present in Jaltomata, the sister genus of Solanum (Solanaceae): molecular evolution of tandemly repeated structural mutations. Gene 2013; 530:143-50. [PMID: 23962687 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Extensive gene duplication arranged in a tandem array is rare in the plastome of embryophytes. Interestingly, we found pseudogene copies of the trnF gene in the genus Jaltomata, the sister genus of Solanum where such gene duplication has been previously reported. In each Jaltomata sequence available we found two pseudogene copies in close 5'-proximity to the original functional gene. The size of each pseudogene copy ranged between 17 and 48 bp and the anticodon domain was identified as the most conserved element. A common ATT(G)n motif is particularly interesting and its modifications were found to border the 3' of the duplicated regions. Other motifs were partial residues, or entire parts of the T- and D-domains, and both domains proved to be variable in length among the pseudogenes identified. The residues of the 3' and 5' acceptor stem were not found among the copies. We further compared the newly discovered copies of Jaltomata with those ones previously described from Solanum and inferred phylogenetic relationships of the copies aligned. The evolution of Solanum copies, in contrast to Jaltomata, is hard to explain as resulting only in parsimonious changes since reticulate evolutionary patterns were detected among the copies. The dynamic evolutionary patterns of Solanum might be explained by possible inter- or intrachromosomal recombination.
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