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Nocera I, Di Franco C, Sorvillo B, Sgorbini M, Moroni R, Patroncini S, Citi S. Multiple congenital musculoskeletal abnormalities in a mule foal: A case report. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 141:105149. [PMID: 39059518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal abnormalities in neonate equids represent a common condition, which includes angular limb deformities, defective carpal/tarsal bone ossification, contracted limb and mandibular/maxillary prognathism. The present case report described the presentation and surgical management of multiple musculoskeletal abnormalities in a mule foal. A newborn mule foal was presented for several musculoskeletal abnormalities, such as angular deviation from the sagittal plane of both carpal joints, hind limb ligament laxity, and severe mandibular prognathism. Surgical management of mandibular prognathism was then treated through the application of a tension orthodontic wire. Postoperatively, there was a significant improvement in the correction of mandibular malocclusion and no further correction was needed. Management of other anomalies was mainly conservative, with stall rest and exercise limitations, with a considerable improvement in the first month of life. Thus, jaw malformations might be observed also in mule foals, and might be associated with multiple congenital abnormalities. Early recognition, appropriate management, and surgical treatment were essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Nocera
- Institute of Health Science, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Via Santa Cecilia 3, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Chiara Di Franco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital "Mario Modenato", via Livornese snc, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy
| | - Benedetta Sorvillo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital "Mario Modenato", via Livornese snc, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy
| | - Micaela Sgorbini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital "Mario Modenato", via Livornese snc, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rebecca Moroni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital "Mario Modenato", via Livornese snc, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Patroncini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital "Mario Modenato", via Livornese snc, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy; Private Practitioner, Italy
| | - Simonetta Citi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital "Mario Modenato", via Livornese snc, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy
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Dehesa-Santos A, Faria-Teixeira MC, Iglesias-Linares A. Skeletal Class III phenotype: Link between animal models and human genetics: A scoping review. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART B, MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2024; 342:21-44. [PMID: 38108095 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify evidence from animal studies examining genetic variants underlying maxillomandibular discrepancies resulting in a skeletal Class III (SCIII) malocclusion phenotype. Following the Manual for Evidence Synthesis of the JBI and the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews, a participant, concept, context question was formulated and systematic searches were executed in the PubMed, Scopus, WOS, Scielo, Open Gray, and Mednar databases. Of the 779 identified studies, 13 met the selection criteria and were included in the data extraction. The SCIII malocclusion phenotype was described as mandibular prognathism in the Danio rerio, Dicentrarchus labrax, and Equus africanus asinus models; and as maxillary deficiency in the Felis silvestris catus, Canis familiaris, Salmo trutta, and Mus musculus models. The identified genetic variants highlight the significance of BMP and TGF-β signaling. Their regulatory pathways and genetic interactions link them to cellular bone regulation events, particularly ossification regulation of postnatal cranial synchondroses. In conclusion, twenty genetic variants associated with the skeletal SCIII malocclusion phenotype were identified in animal models. Their interactions and regulatory pathways corroborate the role of these variants in bone growth, differentiation events, and ossification regulation of postnatal cranial synchondroses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Cristina Faria-Teixeira
- School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- University Clinic of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alejandro Iglesias-Linares
- School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- BIOCRAN, Craniofacial Biology and Orthodontics Research Group, School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Alshami AM, Pompermayer E, Troteaga Alvarez C, Hoey S, Ryan J, Johnson JP. Comparison of Computed Tomography Assisted 3D Cephalometric Measurements in Straight Egyptian Arabian and Thoroughbred Horses. J Vet Dent 2024; 41:43-48. [PMID: 37753611 DOI: 10.1177/08987564231203918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Dental malocclusions are commonly encountered in horses. The objective of this study was to report the normal cephalometric values from skull computed tomography (CT) scans of adult Straight Egyptian Arabian (SEAR) and thoroughbred (TB) horses and to compare differences in the measurements between the two breeds. Standing skull CTs were performed on 29 clinically normal adult horses (15 SEAR; 14 TB) and cephalometric measurements were taken. All 9 cephalometric measurements, as well as the interincisal angle, were found to be significantly greater in TB than SEAR (P < 0.05). TB were found to have significantly greater facial line: mandibular length (FL/ML) ratios compared to SEAR (P = 0.002) whereas for the maxillary cheek teeth length: ethmoidal line ratio (Mxa/EtL), SEAR were found to have significantly greater values than TB (P = 0.0007). SEAR cephalometric measurements, as well as certain ratios, differ significantly from TB and could have an impact on the development of dental malocclusions in this breed. Further investigation is needed to ascertain whether these cephalometric differences between the two breeds predispose the SEAR to the development of dental malocclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanoud M Alshami
- Equine Veterinary Medical Center, A Member of Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Seamus Hoey
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jackie Ryan
- Equine Veterinary Medical Center, A Member of Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jessica P Johnson
- Equine Veterinary Medical Center, A Member of Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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Kulkarni SD, Bhad WA, Doshi UH. Association Between Mandibular Prognathism and MATRILIN-1 Gene in Central India Population: A Cross-sectional Study. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0301574220956421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Mandibular prognathism (MP) is known to be an inherited trait. Secondary condylar cartilage is the postnatal growth site of the mandible. Chromosome location 1p36 contains MATRILIN-1, which is related to cartilage matrix formation. The aim of this article is to find out relation between mutation in gene encoding MATRILIN-1 at 1p36 and MP. Material and Methods: This case control study included 35 skeletal class III patients with MP (18 males and 17 females in the age range from 6 years to 63 years; mean age was 21.74 ± 12.87 years) and 30 control individuals with orthognathic skeletal relation (17 males, 13 females in the age range from 19 years to 25 years, mean age of 21.57 ± 2.59 years) without any family history of MP. DNA was extracted from venous blood and genotyped. Two loci on chromosome 1p36 (rs20566 and rs1065755) encoding MATRILIN-1 were studied for mutation. Results: Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at rs20566 and frameshift mutation at rs1065755 had a significantly greater frequency in MP cases than in control. Conclusions: Mutation at both the sites can be attributed to increased risk of developing MP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wasundhara A Bhad
- Department of Orthodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Maharashtra, India
| | - Umal H Doshi
- CSMSS Dental College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract
Introduction: Genetics has been suggested as an explanation for the etiology of malocclusions, although some questions, due to the perception that genetic inheritance is tied to a monogenic or Mendelian form of inheritance. Objective: This paper describes the inheritance of malocclusions, highlighting the areas of knowledge where research has explored mechanisms that explain deviations in patterns of craniofacial growth. Conclusion: Malocclusions have a complex or multifactorial pattern of inheritance, where more than one gene is involved in the development of the phenotype. There is also the possibility that the environment influences malocclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre R Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh/PA, EUA)
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Manocha S, Farokhnia N, Khosropanah S, Bertol JW, Santiago J, Fakhouri WD. Systematic review of hormonal and genetic factors involved in the nonsyndromic disorders of the lower jaw. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:162-172. [PMID: 30576023 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mandibular disorders are among the most common birth defects in humans, yet the etiological factors are largely unknown. Most of the neonates affected by mandibular abnormalities have a sequence of secondary anomalies, including airway obstruction and feeding problems, that reduce the quality of life. In the event of lacking corrective surgeries, patients with mandibular congenital disorders suffer from additional lifelong problems such as sleep apnea and temporomandibular disorders, among others. The goal of this systematic review is to gather evidence on hormonal and genetic factors that are involved in signaling pathways and interactions that are potentially associated with the nonsyndromic mandibular disorders. We found that members of FGF and BMP pathways, including FGF8/10, FGFR2/3, BMP2/4/7, BMPR1A, ACVR1, and ACVR2A/B, have a prominent number of gene-gene interactions among all identified genes in this review. Gene ontology of the 154 genes showed that the functional gene sets are involved in all aspects of cellular processes and organogenesis. Some of the genes identified by the genome-wide association studies of common mandibular disorders are involved in skeletal formation and growth retardation based on animal models, suggesting a potential direct role as genetic risk factors in the common complex jaw disorders. Developmental Dynamics 248:162-172, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Manocha
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Nadia Farokhnia
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Sepideh Khosropanah
- Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles
| | - Jessica W Bertol
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Joel Santiago
- Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-graduação (PRPPG), Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Jardim Brasil, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walid D Fakhouri
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
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Balkhande PB, Lakkakula BVKS, Chitharanjan AB. Relationship between matrilin-1 gene polymorphisms and mandibular retrognathism. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2018; 153:255-261.e1. [PMID: 29407503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mandibular retrognathism is a type of malocclusion that refers to an abnormal posterior position of the mandible as a result of a developmental abnormality. From the literature, it is evident that the mandibular growth pattern is determined by the intramembranous ossification of the mandibular body and endochondral ossification of the condyle. Matrilin-1 is a cartilage extracellular matrix protein, and matrilin-1 gene (MATN1) polymorphisms have been found to be involved in dental malocclusions of humans. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between MATN1 polymorphisms and the risk of mandibular retrognathism, in a case-control study with a South Indian population. METHODS Eighty-one patients with mandibular retrognathism (SNB, <78°) and 71 controls having an orthognathic mandible (SNB, 80° ± 2°) were recruited. In both the patient and control groups, subjects with an orthognathic maxilla (SNA, 82° ± 2°) were included. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms of the MATN1 gene (rs1149048, rs1149042, and rs1065755) were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The statistical association analysis was performed using the chi-square test. Pair-wise linkage disequilibrium was computed, and haplotypes were compared between subjects and controls. Nonparametric tests were used to compare cephalometric measurements between groups. RESULTS No polymorphic site deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the controls. The rs1149042 genotypes and alleles were found to be associated with reduced risk of mandibular retrognathism. Furthermore, rs1149042 genotypes were associated with mandibular measurements (SNB and ANB). There was no strong and consistent linkage disequilibrium linkage disequilibrium across two different single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes were not associated with mandibular retrognathism. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study suggest an association between the MATN1 gene polymorphisms and mandibular retrognathism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranita B Balkhande
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India
| | | | - Arun B Chitharanjan
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India.
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Viranta S, Mannermaa K. A tall rostral hook in a medieval horse premolar tooth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2017; 17:79-81. [PMID: 28521915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Development of dental abnormalities due to improper occlusal wear is common among modern domestic horses. This phenomenon often is attributed to jaw conformation. Rostral mandibular hooks may develop in horses with underjet or mandibular prognathism, a condition where the lower jaw protrudes forward, beyond the upper jaw. Less abrasive diet, free of phytoliths and matrix-like plant fibers, also may promote enamel and focal overgrowths of equine dentition. Here we report a rostral mandibular hook in a lower premolar tooth of a medieval horse, found in a spring deposit in Levänluhta, Osthrobothnia, Finland. To our knowledge, this is the first such report from a medieval horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Viranta
- Faculty of Medicine, Anatomy, PO Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kristiina Mannermaa
- Department of Philosophy, History, Culture and Art Studies/Archaeology, PO Box 59, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Moreno Uribe LM, Miller SF. Genetics of the dentofacial variation in human malocclusion. Orthod Craniofac Res 2016; 18 Suppl 1:91-9. [PMID: 25865537 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Malocclusions affect individuals worldwide, resulting in compromised function and esthetics. Understanding the etiological factors contributing to the variation in dentofacial morphology associated with malocclusions is the key to develop novel treatment approaches. Advances in dentofacial phenotyping, which is the comprehensive characterization of hard and soft tissue variation in the craniofacial complex, together with the acquisition of large-scale genomic data have started to unravel genetic mechanisms underlying facial variation. Knowledge on the genetics of human malocclusion is limited even though results attained thus far are encouraging, with promising opportunities for future research. This review summarizes the most common dentofacial variations associated with malocclusions and reviews the current knowledge of the roles of genes in the development of malocclusions. Lastly, this review will describe ways to advance malocclusion research, following examples from the expanding fields of phenomics and genomic medicine, which aim to better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Moreno Uribe
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Signer-Hasler H, Neuditschko M, Koch C, Froidevaux S, Flury C, Burger D, Leeb T, Rieder S. A chromosomal region on ECA13 is associated with maxillary prognathism in horses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86607. [PMID: 24466169 PMCID: PMC3897735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary variations in head morphology and head malformations are known in many species. The most common variation encountered in horses is maxillary prognathism. Prognathism and brachygnathism are syndromes of the upper and lower jaw, respectively. The resulting malocclusion can negatively affect teeth wear, and is considered a non-desirable trait in breeding programs. We performed a case-control analysis for maxillary prognathism in horses using 96 cases and 763 controls. All horses had been previously genotyped with a commercially available 50 k SNP array. We analyzed the data with a mixed-model considering the genomic relationships in order to account for population stratification. Two SNPs within a region on the distal end of chromosome ECA 13 reached the Bonferroni corrected genome-wide significance level. There is no known prognathism candidate gene located within this region. Therefore, our findings in the horse offer the possibility of identifying a novel gene involved in the complex genetics of prognathism that might also be relevant for humans and other livestock species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Signer-Hasler
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Zollikofen, Switzerland
| | | | - Christoph Koch
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine ISME, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Froidevaux
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine ISME, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christine Flury
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Zollikofen, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Burger
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine ISME, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Rieder
- Swiss National Stud Farm, Agroscope, Avenches, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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