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Liu H, Yang Y, Ge Y, Liu J, Zhao Y. TERC promotes cellular inflammatory response independent of telomerase. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:8084-8095. [PMID: 31294790 PMCID: PMC6735767 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TERC is an RNA component of telomerase. However, TERC is also ubiquitously expressed in most human terminally differentiated cells, which don't have telomerase activity. The function of TERC in these cells is largely unknown. Here, we report that TERC enhances the expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines by stimulating NK-κB pathway in a telomerase-independent manner. The ectopic expression of TERC in telomerase-negative cells alters the expression of 431 genes with high enrichment of those involved in cellular immunity. We perform genome-wide screening using a previously identified 'binding motif' of TERC and identify 14 genes that are transcriptionally regulated by TERC. Among them, four genes (LIN37, TPRG1L, TYROBP and USP16) are demonstrated to stimulate the activation of NK-κB pathway. Mechanistically, TERC associates with the promoter of these genes through forming RNA-DNA triplexes, thereby enhancing their transcription. In vivo, expression levels of TERC and TERC target genes (TYROBP, TPRG1L and USP16) are upregulated in patients with inflammation-related diseases such as type II diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Collectively, these results reveal an unknown function of TERC on stimulating inflammatory response and highlight a new mechanism by which TERC modulates gene transcription. TERC may be a new target for the development of anti-inflammation therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yiding Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yuanlong Ge
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Juanhong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
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Koslow M, Shitrit D, Israeli-Shani L, Uziel O, Beery E, Osadchy A, Refaely Y, Shochet GE, Amiel A. Peripheral blood telomere alterations in ground glass opacity (GGO) lesions may suggest malignancy. Thorac Cancer 2019; 10:1009-1015. [PMID: 30864244 PMCID: PMC6449235 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A ground glass opacity (GGO) lung lesion may represent early stage adenocarcinoma, which has an excellent prognosis upon prompt surgical resection. However, GGO lesions have broad differential diagnoses, including both benign and malignant lesions. Our objective was to study telomere length and telomerase activity in patients with suspected lung cancer in which GGO was the predominant radiographic feature. Knowledge of telomere biology may help distinguish malignant from benign radiographic lesions and guide risk assessment of these lesions. Peripheral blood samples were taken from 22 patients with suspected adenocarcinoma with the GGO radiographic presentation. Multidisciplinary discussion confirmed the need for surgery in all cases. We used an age and gender‐matched group without known lung disease as a control. Telomere length and aggregates were assessed by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (QFISH) and quantitative PCR. Cell senescence was evaluated by senescence‐associated heterochromatin foci. Subjects with GGO lesions had a higher percentage of lymphocytes with shorter telomeres (Q‐FISH, P = 0.003). Furthermore, relative telomere length was also reduced among the GGO cases (qPCR, P < 0.05). Increased senescence was observed in the GGO group compared to controls (P < 0.001), with significant correlation between the senescence‐associated heterochromatin foci and aggregate formation (r = −0.7 and r = −0.44 for cases and controls, respectively). In conclusion, patients with resectable early adenocarcinoma demonstrate abnormal telomere length and cell senescence in peripheral blood leukocytes compared to control subjects. Abnormal telomere biology in the peripheral blood may increase suspicion of early adenocarcinoma among patients with GGO lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Koslow
- Advanced Lung Disease and Transplant Program, INOVA Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia USA
| | - David Shitrit
- Pulmonary Medicine Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lilach Israeli-Shani
- Pulmonary Medicine Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Uziel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Einat Beery
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Alexandra Osadchy
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Yael Refaely
- Surgical Department, Soroka Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Gali Epstein Shochet
- Pulmonary Medicine Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aliza Amiel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Genetic Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
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Laish I, Katz H, Stein A, Liberman M, Naftali T, Kitay-Cohen Y, Biron-Shental T, Konikoff FM, Amiel A. Telomere dysfunction in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Liver Dis 2015; 47:790-6. [PMID: 26048252 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Primary sclerosing cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease are two associated, chronic inflammatory, pre-malignant conditions. We hypothesized that patients with these disorders may harbour telomere dysfunction as a marker of chromosomal instability. The aim of our study was to compare parameters of the telomere-telomerase system in these cohorts. METHODS In this prospective study, peripheral blood was withdrawn from patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (N=20), inflammatory bowel disease (N=20) and healthy controls (N=20), and lymphocytes were isolated. Telomere length was quantified as a function of the signal intensity and telomere number. Random aneuploidy and telomere capture were determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization technique with specific probes. RESULTS Patients with inflammatory bowel disease had higher measures of intestinal disease activity than patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Despite this, shorter telomere length and telomere aggregates, especially the fusion of 2-5 telomeres, were observed at significantly higher rate in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis relative to inflammatory bowel disease or healthy controls. Rates of aneuploidy and telomere capture were higher in the two probes in both diseases compared to controls (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Dysfunction of telomeres was demonstrated in primary sclerosing cholangitis patients more than inflammatory bowel disease and healthy controls patients, which attests to genetic instability and immunosenescence. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02247622.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Laish
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Hila Katz
- Genetic Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel; Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Assaf Stein
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Meytal Liberman
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Timna Naftali
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Yona Kitay-Cohen
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Tal Biron-Shental
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Fred M Konikoff
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aliza Amiel
- Genetic Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel; Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Laish I, Biron-Shental T, Katz H, Liberman M, Kitay-Cohen Y, Konikoff FM, Amiel A. Asynchronous Replication in Lymphocytes from Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. Cytogenet Genome Res 2015; 145:35-41. [DOI: 10.1159/000381406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are associated chronic inflammatory diseases with malignant potential. Loss of replication synchrony during the S-phase of the cell cycle has been shown to be linked to several malignant and premalignant states. This study evaluated temporal differences in replication timing between these diseases. The replication pattern of peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from patients with PSC and IBD and healthy individuals was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in 2 pairs of alleles, in 15qter and 13qter. Asynchrony was determined by the presence of 1 single and 1 set of double dots in the same cell. Samples from subjects with PSC showed significantly greater temporal differences in replication timing, in contrast to the high level of synchrony observed in samples from healthy individuals (p = 0.045). Samples from IBD patients exhibited a nonsignificant increase in replication asynchrony. We believe that these results reflect impairment in the replication control of structural homologous loci in PSC, and that this phenomenon may be correlated with the inflammation-induced malignant potential of this condition.
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Nakanuma Y, Sasaki M, Harada K. Autophagy and senescence in fibrosing cholangiopathies. J Hepatol 2015; 62:934-45. [PMID: 25435435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosing cholangiopathy such as primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and biliary atresia (BA) is characterized by biliary epithelial injuries and concentric fibrous obliteration of the biliary tree together with inflammatory cell infiltration. In these diseases, inappropriate innate immunity is reported to contribute more to bile duct pathology as compared with various aspects of "classical" autoimmune diseases. Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is characterized by chronic cholangitis with bile duct loss and classical autoimmune features. Cellular senescence of cholangiocytes and a senescence-associated secretory phenotype lead to the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines that may modify the milieu of the bile duct and then trigger fibroinflammatory responses in PSC and PBC. Furthermore, deregulated autophagy might be involved in cholangiocyte senescence and possibly in the autoimmune process in PBC, and the deregulated innate immunity against enteric microbes or their products that is associated with cholangiocyte senescence might result in the fibrosing cholangitis that develops in PBC and PSC. In BA, innate immunity against double-stranded RNA viruses might be involved in cholangiocyte apoptosis and also in the development of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cholangiocytes that results in fibrous obliteration of bile ducts. These recent advances in the understanding of immune-mediated biliary diseases represent a paradigm shift: the cholangiocyte is no longer viewed merely as a passive victim of injury; it is now also considered to function as a potential effector in bile duct pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuni Nakanuma
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan.
| | - Motoko Sasaki
- Department of Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Department of Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
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Mechanisms of tissue injury in autoimmune liver diseases. Semin Immunopathol 2014; 36:553-68. [PMID: 25082647 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-014-0439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases affecting the liver are mainly represented by autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The characteristic morphologic patterns of injury are a chronic hepatitis pattern of damage in AIH, destruction of small intrahepatic bile ducts in PBC and periductal fibrosis and inflammation involving larger bile ducts in PSC. The factors responsible for initiation and perpetuation of the injury in all the three autoimmune liver diseases are not understood completely but are likely to be environmental triggers on the background of genetic variation in immune regulation. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the breakdown of self-tolerance in autoimmune liver diseases.
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