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Gao J, Wu Y, Yu J, Qiu Y, Yi T, Luo C, Zhang J, Lu G, Li X, Xiong F, Wu X, Pan X. Impact of genomic and epigenomic alterations of multigene on a multicancer pedigree. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7394. [PMID: 38970307 PMCID: PMC11226725 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline mutations have been identified in a small number of hereditary cancers, but the genetic predisposition for many familial cancers remains to be elucidated. METHODS This study identified a Chinese pedigree that presented different cancers (breast cancer, BRCA; adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction, AEG; and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, B-ALL) in each of the three generations. Whole-genome sequencing and whole-exome sequencing were performed on peripheral blood or bone marrow and cancer biopsy samples. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing was conducted on the monozygotic twin brothers, one of whom developed B-ALL. RESULTS According to the ACMG guidelines, bioinformatic analysis of the genome sequencing revealed 20 germline mutations, particularly mutations in the DNAH11 (c.9463G > A) and CFH (c.2314G > A) genes that were documented in the COSMIC database and validated by Sanger sequencing. Forty-one common somatic mutated genes were identified in the cancer samples, displaying the same type of single nucleotide substitution Signature 5. Meanwhile, hypomethylation of PLEK2, MRAS, and RXRA as well as hypermethylation of CpG island associated with WT1 was shown in the twin with B-ALL. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal genomic alterations in a pedigree with multiple cancers. Mutations found in the DNAH11, CFH genes, and other genes predispose to malignancies in this family. Dysregulated methylation of WT1, PLEK2, MRAS, and RXRA in the twin with B-ALL increases cancer susceptibility. The similarity of the somatic genetic changes among the three cancers indicates a hereditary impact on the pedigree. These familial cancers with germline and somatic mutations, as well as epigenomic alterations, represent a common molecular basis for many multiple cancer pedigrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Gao
- Department of PediatricsNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and ApplicationSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yongzhang Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and ApplicationSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jieming Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and ApplicationSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Yinbin Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and ApplicationSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tiantian Yi
- Department of PediatricsNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and ApplicationSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chaochao Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and ApplicationSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Junxiao Zhang
- SequMed Institute of Biomedical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Gary Lu
- Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal DiagnosisZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xu Li
- Kaiser Permanente Regional Genetics Laboratory, San Jose Medical CenterSan JoseCaliforniaUSA
| | - Fu Xiong
- Department of Medical GeneticsSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xuedong Wu
- Department of PediatricsNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and ApplicationSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xinghua Pan
- Department of PediatricsNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and ApplicationSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Precision Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Division of Medical SciencesMacau University of Science and TechnologyMacaoChina
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Chen Z, Li J, Bai Y, Liu Z, Wei Y, Guo D, Jia X, Shi B, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Hu J, Han X, Wang J, Liu X, Li S, Zhao F. Unlocking the Transcriptional Control of NCAPG in Bovine Myoblasts: CREB1 and MYOD1 as Key Players. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2506. [PMID: 38473754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Muscle formation directly determines meat production and quality. The non-SMC condensin I complex subunit G (NCAPG) is strongly linked to the growth features of domestic animals because it is essential in controlling muscle growth and development. This study aims to elucidate the tissue expression level of the bovine NCAPG gene, and determine the key transcription factors for regulating the bovine NCAPG gene. In this study, we observed that the bovine NCAPG gene exhibited high expression levels in longissimus dorsi and spleen tissues. Subsequently, we cloned and characterized the promoter region of the bovine NCAPG gene, consisting of a 2039 bp sequence, through constructing the deletion fragment double-luciferase reporter vector and site-directed mutation-identifying core promoter region with its key transcription factor binding site. In addition, the key transcription factors of the core promoter sequence of the bovine NCAPG gene were analyzed and predicted using online software. Furthermore, by integrating overexpression experiments and the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), we have shown that cAMP response element binding protein 1 (CREB1) and myogenic differentiation 1 (MYOD1) bind to the core promoter region (-598/+87), activating transcription activity in the bovine NCAPG gene. In conclusion, these findings shed important light on the regulatory network mechanism that underlies the expression of the NCAPG gene throughout the development of the muscles in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongchang Chen
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jingsheng Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yanbin Bai
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhanxin Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yali Wei
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dashan Guo
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xue Jia
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Bingang Shi
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhidong Zhao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiangmin Han
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiqing Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiu Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shaobin Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Fangfang Zhao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Xiang Y, Yang Y, Liu J, Yang X. Functional role of MicroRNA/PI3K/AKT axis in osteosarcoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1219211. [PMID: 37404761 PMCID: PMC10315918 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1219211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant bone tumor that occurs in children and adolescents, and the PI3K/AKT pathway is overactivated in most OS patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved endogenous non-protein-coding RNAs that can regulate gene expression by repressing mRNA translation or degrading mRNA. MiRNAs are enriched in the PI3K/AKT pathway, and aberrant PI3K/AKT pathway activation is involved in the development of osteosarcoma. There is increasing evidence that miRNAs can regulate the biological functions of cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway. MiRNA/PI3K/AKT axis can regulate the expression of osteosarcoma-related genes and then regulate cancer progression. MiRNA expression associated with PI3K/AKT pathway is also clearly associated with many clinical features. In addition, PI3K/AKT pathway-associated miRNAs are potential biomarkers for osteosarcoma diagnosis, treatment and prognostic assessment. This article reviews recent research advances on the role and clinical application of PI3K/AKT pathway and miRNA/PI3K/AKT axis in the development of osteosarcoma.
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Evano B, Gill D, Hernando-Herraez I, Comai G, Stubbs TM, Commere PH, Reik W, Tajbakhsh S. Transcriptome and epigenome diversity and plasticity of muscle stem cells following transplantation. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009022. [PMID: 33125370 PMCID: PMC7657492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscles are maintained during homeostasis and regenerated upon injury by muscle stem cells (MuSCs). A heterogeneity in self-renewal, differentiation and regeneration properties has been reported for MuSCs based on their anatomical location. Although MuSCs derived from extraocular muscles (EOM) have a higher regenerative capacity than those derived from limb muscles, the molecular determinants that govern these differences remain undefined. Here we show that EOM and limb MuSCs have distinct DNA methylation signatures associated with enhancers of location-specific genes, and that the EOM transcriptome is reprogrammed following transplantation into a limb muscle environment. Notably, EOM MuSCs expressed host-site specific positional Hox codes after engraftment and self-renewal within the host muscle. However, about 10% of EOM-specific genes showed engraftment-resistant expression, pointing to cell-intrinsic molecular determinants of the higher engraftment potential of EOM MuSCs. Our results underscore the molecular diversity of distinct MuSC populations and molecularly define their plasticity in response to microenvironmental cues. These findings provide insights into strategies designed to improve the functional capacity of MuSCs in the context of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Evano
- Stem Cells & Development, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Diljeet Gill
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Glenda Comai
- Stem Cells & Development, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Thomas M. Stubbs
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre-Henri Commere
- Cytometry and Biomarkers, Center for Technological Resources and Research, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, Paris, France
| | - Wolf Reik
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Stem Cells & Development, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Monteiro AC, Muenzner JK, Andrade F, Rius FE, Ostalecki C, Geppert CI, Agaimy A, Hartmann A, Fujita A, Schneider-Stock R, Jasiulionis MG. Gene expression and promoter methylation of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors as prognostic markers in melanoma. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:1433-1449. [PMID: 31069961 PMCID: PMC6547615 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The high mortality rate of melanoma is broadly associated with its metastatic potential. Tumor cell dissemination is strictly dependent on vascularization; therefore, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis play an essential role in metastasis. Hence, a better understanding of the players of tumor vascularization and establishing them as new molecular biomarkers might help to overcome the poor prognosis of melanoma patients. Here, we further characterized a linear murine model of melanoma progression and showed that the aggressiveness of melanoma cells is closely associated with high expression of angiogenic factors, such as Vegfc, Angpt2, and Six1, and that blockade of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway by the inhibitor axitinib abrogates their tumorigenic potential in vitro and in the in vivo chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay. Furthermore, analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data revealed that the expression of the angiogenic factor ANGPT2 (P‐value = 0.044) and the lymphangiogenic receptor VEGFR‐3 (P‐value = 0.002) were independent prognostic factors of overall survival in melanoma patients. Enhanced reduced representation bisulfite sequencing‐based methylome profiling revealed for the first time a link between abnormal VEGFC, ANGPT2, and SIX1 gene expression and promoter hypomethylation in melanoma cells. In patients, VEGFC (P‐value = 0.031), ANGPT2 (P‐value < 0.001), and SIX1 (P‐value = 0.009) promoter hypomethylation were independent prognostic factors of shorter overall survival. Hence, our data suggest that these angio‐ and lymphangiogenesis factors are potential biomarkers of melanoma prognosis. Moreover, these findings strongly support the applicability of our melanoma progression model to unravel new biomarkers for this aggressive human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Monteiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Julienne K Muenzner
- Department of Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Fernando Andrade
- Department of Computer Science, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Eichemberger Rius
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christian Ostalecki
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carol I Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - André Fujita
- Department of Computer Science, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regine Schneider-Stock
- Department of Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
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Wan J, Yang J, Qiao C, Sun X, Di A, Zhang L, Wang D, Zhao G. MicroRNA-362 Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Invasion by Directly Targeting SIX1 in Colorectal Cancer. Yonsei Med J 2019; 60:414-422. [PMID: 31016902 PMCID: PMC6479121 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2019.60.5.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in China and poses high morbidity and mortality. In recent years, increasing evidence has indicated that microRNAs played important functions in the occurrence and development of tumors. The purpose of this study was to identify the biological mechanisms of miR-362 in CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR was carried out to assess the expression of miR-362 and SIX1. The Kaplan-Meier method was employed to evaluate the 5-year overall survival of CRC patients. The proliferative and invasive abilities of CRC cells were assessed by MTT and transwell assays. RESULTS miR-362 was significantly decreased in CRC tissues and cell lines, compared to the normal tissues and normal cells. A significant connection was confirmed between the overall survival of 53 CRC patients and low expression of miR-362. Downregulation of miR-362 inhibited the proliferation and invasion through binding to the 3'-UTR of SIX1 mRNA in CRC. Additionally, we discovered that SIX1 was a direct target gene of miR-362 and that the expression of miR-362 had a negative connection with SIX1 expression in CRC. SIX1 could reverse partial functions in the proliferation and invasion in CRC cells. CONCLUSION miR-362 may be a prognostic marker in CRC and suppress CRC cell proliferation and invasion in part through targeting the 3'-UTR of SIX1 mRNA. The newly identified miR-362/SIX1 axis provides insight into the progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin'e Wan
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Oncology, Zouping Centre Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Cuixia Qiao
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Aiting Di
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lize Zhang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Duck IL-2 promoter cloning and the effects of methylation status on mRNA levels in immune tissues. Cent Eur J Immunol 2019; 43:389-398. [PMID: 30799986 PMCID: PMC6384428 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2018.81350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 2 (IL-2), a cytokine, plays an important role in animal immune systems. To investigate the influences of epigenetic modifications on transcription of the duck IL-2 gene, the promoter region of the duck IL-2 gene was cloned. Then, the DNA methylation status of the IL-2 gene promoter (-1337 bp/-924 bp) in immune tissues of ducks was determined using the Sequenom Mass Array methylation technique, and their corresponding expression levels were determined using real-time PCR. The results showed that 2850 bp of the duck IL-2 gene promoter region were obtained. There was one CpG island (-1231 bp/-902 bp) in which 11 CpG sites were distributed. The CpG1 and CpG2 sites are located between the binding sites of NFAT and AP-1, and they had higher homology methylation patterns in different individuals and tissues. The methylation frequencies of 28.5% CpG sites showed negative correlations with the expression levels of the IL-2 mRNA, whereas 71.5% showed positive correlations. These results indicate that the transcription of duck IL-2 may be distinct from that of mammals. CpG1 (-1284 bp) and CpG2 (-1264 bp) in the duck IL-2 promoter showed a higher homology of methylation patterns, indicating a similar regulatory effect on their gene expression, and these CpG sites may be essential for the regulation of transcription of duck IL-2. The methylation pattern of the IL-2 gene promoter in duck was tissue specific.
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Pan Z, Wang X, Di R, Liu Q, Hu W, Cao X, Guo X, He X, Lv S, Li F, Wang H, Chu M. A 5-Methylcytosine Site of Growth Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF9) Gene Affects Its Tissue-Specific Expression in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2018; 8:ani8110200. [PMID: 30405007 PMCID: PMC6262488 DOI: 10.3390/ani8110200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) is an important gene for ovine fertility. GDF9 is highly expressed in the ovary as opposed to other tissues, but the reason for this is unknown. Our study found this can be caused by the methylation level of the promoter CpG island mC-4 site. This finding contributes to the understanding of the regulatory mechanism of GDF9 gene in reproduction. Abstract Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) plays an important role in the early folliculogenesis of sheep. This study investigated the mRNA expression of ovine GDF9 in different tissues by real-time PCR. GDF9 exhibits significantly higher levels of expression (p < 0.01) in the ovary, relative to other tissues, indicating that its expression is tissue specific. To explore the regulatory mechanism of this tissue-specific expression, the methylation level of one CpG island (−1453 to −1854) of GDF9 promoter in ovary and heart was determined. In this region (−1987 to −1750), only the mC-4 site was present in the Sp4 binding site showed differential methylation between the heart and ovary; with increased (p < 0.01) methylation being observed in the heart. Additionally, the methylation level was negatively correlated with GDF9 mRNA expression (R = −0.75, p = 0.012), indicating that the methylation of this site plays an important role in transcriptional regulation of GDF9. The methylation effect of the mC-4 site was confirmed by using dual-luciferase. Site-directed mutation (methylation) of mC-4 site significantly reduced (p < 0.05) basal transcriptional activity of GDF9 promoter in oocytes. These results imply that methylation of GDF9 promoter CpG island mC-4 site may affect the binding of the Sp4 transcription factor to the GDF9 promoter region in sheep, thereby regulating GDF9 expression and resulting in a tissue-specific expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyuan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China.
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ran Di
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qiuyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Wenping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaohan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shengjin Lv
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China.
| | - Fukuan Li
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China.
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Yu C, Zhang B, Li YL, Yu XR. SIX1 reduces the expression of PTEN via activating PI3K/AKT signal to promote cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in osteosarcoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:10-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Wu WJ, Liu KQ, Li BJ, Dong C, Zhang ZK, Li PH, Huang RH, Wei W, Chen J, Liu HL. Identification of an (AC)n microsatellite in the Six1 gene promoter and its effect on production traits in Pietrain × Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire pigs. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:17-26. [PMID: 29432614 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skx024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sine oculis homeobox 1 (Six1) gene is important for skeletal muscle growth and fiber specification; therefore, it is considered as a promising candidate gene that may influence porcine growth and meat quality traits. Nevertheless, the association of Six1 with these processes and the mechanisms regulating its expression remain unclear. The objectives of this study were to identify variant sites of Six1 in different pig breeds, conduct association analysis to evaluate the relationship between polymorphisms of these variants and porcine production traits in Pietrain × Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire commercial pigs, and explore the potential regulatory mechanisms of Six1 affecting production traits. A total of 12 variants were identified, including 10 single- nucleotide variations (SNVs), 1 insertion- deletion (Indel), and 1 (AC)n microsatellite. Association analysis demonstrated that the SNV, g.1595A>G, was significantly associated with meat color (redness, a*); individuals with the G allele had greater a* values (P < 0.05). Moreover, our results demonstrated that the (AC)n polymorphism in the Six1 promoter was significantly associated with weaning weight (P < 0.05), carcass weight (P < 0.05), and thoracic and lumbar back fat (P < 0.01).In addition, we found that the (AC)n variant was closely related with Six1 expression levels and demonstrated this polymorphism on promoter activity by in vitro experiments. Overall, this study provides novel evidence for elucidating the effects of Six1 on porcine production traits as promising candidate and describes two variants with these traits, which are potential reference markers for pig molecular breeding. In addition, our data on the relationship between porcine Six1 expression and the polymorphic (AC)n microsatellite in its promoter may facilitate similar studies in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Wu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - K Q Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - B J Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - C Dong
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Z K Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - P H Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - R H Huang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - W Wei
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Chen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - H L Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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11
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The retinal determination gene network: from developmental regulator to cancer therapeutic target. Oncotarget 2018; 7:50755-50765. [PMID: 27203207 PMCID: PMC5226618 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although originally identified for its function in Drosophila melanogaster eye specification, the Retinal Determination Gene Network (RDGN) is essential for the development of multiple organs in mammals. The RDGN regulates proliferation, differentiation and autocrine signaling, and interacts with other key signaling pathways. Aberrant expression of RDGN members such as DACH, EYA and SIX contributes to tumor initiation and progression; indeed, the levels of RDGN members are clinically prognostic factors in various cancer types. Stimulation or suppression of the activities of these crucial components can block cancer cell proliferation, prevent cancer stem cell expansion and even reverse the EMT process, thereby attenuating malignant phenotypes. Thus, cancer therapeutic interventions targeting RDGN members should be pursued in future studies.
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12
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Wei D, Li A, Zhao C, Wang H, Mei C, Khan R, Zan L. Transcriptional Regulation by CpG Sites Methylation in the Core Promoter Region of the Bovine SIX1 Gene: Roles of Histone H4 and E2F2. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010213. [PMID: 29337851 PMCID: PMC5796162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a major epigenetic modification of the genome and has an essential role in muscle development. The SIX1 gene is thought to play a principal role in mediating skeletal muscle development. In the present study, we determined that bovine SIX1 expression levels were significantly higher in the fetal bovine group (FB) and in undifferentiated Qinchuan cattle muscle cells (QCMCs) than in the adult bovine group (AB) and in differentiated QCMCs. Moreover, a bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction (BSP) analysis of DNA methylation levels showed that three CpG sites in the core promoter region (−216/−28) of the bovine SIX1 gene exhibited significantly higher DNA methylation levels in the AB and differentiated QCMCs groups. In addition, we found that DNA methylation of SIX1 core promoter in vitro obviously influences the promoter activities. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, in combination with site-directed mutation and siRNA interference, demonstrated that histone H4 and E2F2 bind to the −216/−28 region and play important roles in SIX1 methylation regulation during development. The results of this study provide the foundation for a better understanding of the regulation of bovine SIX1 expression via methylation and muscle developmental in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Anning Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chunping Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hongbao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chugang Mei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Rajwali Khan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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13
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Wei DW, Ma XY, Zhang S, Hong JY, Gui LS, Mei CG, Guo HF, Wang L, Ning Y, Zan LS. Characterization of the promoter region of the bovine SIX1 gene: Roles of MyoD, PAX7, CREB and MyoG. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12599. [PMID: 28974698 PMCID: PMC5626756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The SIX1 gene belongs to the family of six homeodomain transcription factors (TFs), that regulates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway and mediate skeletal muscle growth and regeneration. Previous studies have demonstrated that SIX1 is positively correlated with body measurement traits (BMTs). However, the transcriptional regulation of SIX1 remains unclear. In the present study, we determined that bovine SIX1 was highly expressed in the longissimus thoracis. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in bovine SIX1 regulation, 2-kb of the 5' regulatory region were obtained. Sequence analysis identified neither a consensus TATA box nor a CCAAT box in the 5' flanking region of bovine SIX1. However, a CpG island was predicted in the region -235 to +658 relative to the transcriptional start site (TSS). An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay in combination with serial deletion constructs of the 5' flanking region, site-directed mutation and siRNA interference demonstrated that MyoD, PAX7 and CREB binding occur in region -689/-40 and play important roles in bovine SIX1 transcription. In addition, MyoG drives SIX1 transcription indirectly via the MEF3 motif. Taken together these interactions suggest a key functional role for SIX1 in mediating skeletal muscle growth in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Yao Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Song- Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Yun Hong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Sheng Gui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Modern Cattle Biotechnology and Application of National-Local Engineering Research Center, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chu-Gang Mei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Modern Cattle Biotechnology and Application of National-Local Engineering Research Center, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Fang Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li- Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue- Ning
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Sen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. .,National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. .,Shaanxi Beef Cattle Engineering Research Center, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Jin W, Liu M, Peng J, Jiang S. Function analysis of Mef2c promoter in muscle differentiation. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2017; 64:647-656. [PMID: 27354201 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of adult skeletal muscle following injury occurs through the activation of satellite cells that proliferates, differentiates, and fuses with injured myofibers. Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) proteins are reported to have the potential contributions to adult muscle regeneration. To further understand Mef2c gene, the promoter of pig Mef2c gene was analyzed in this paper. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed the expression pattern of Mef2c gene in muscle of eight tissues. The Mef2c promoter had the higher transcriptional activity in differentiated C2C12 cells than that in proliferating C2C12 cells, which was accompanied by the upregulation of mRNA expression of Mef2c gene. Function deletion and mutation analyses showed that MyoD and MEF2 binding sites within the Mef2c promoter were responsible for the regulation of Mef2c transcription. MEF2C could upregulate the transcriptional activities of Mef2c promoter constructs, which contained a 3'-end nucleotide sequence with p300 binding site. The electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays determined the MyoD binding site in Mef2c promoter. These results advanced our knowledge of the promoter of the pig Mef2c gene, and the study of Mef2c promoter regulator elements helped to elucidate the regulation mechanisms of Mef2c in muscle differentiation or muscle repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jin
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory of Swine Breeding and Genetics & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Siwen Jiang
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory of Swine Breeding and Genetics & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Key Projects in the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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15
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Carrió E, Suelves M. DNA methylation dynamics in muscle development and disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:19. [PMID: 25798107 PMCID: PMC4350440 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an essential epigenetic modification for mammalian development and is crucial for the establishment and maintenance of cellular identity. Traditionally, DNA methylation has been considered as a permanent repressive epigenetic mark. However, the application of genome-wide approaches has allowed the analysis of DNA methylation in different genomic contexts revealing a more dynamic regulation than originally thought, since active DNA methylation and demethylation occur during cellular differentiation and tissue specification. Satellite cells are the primary stem cells in adult skeletal muscle and are responsible for postnatal muscle growth, hypertrophy, and muscle regeneration. This review outlines the published data regarding DNA methylation changes along the skeletal muscle program, in both physiological and pathological conditions, to better understand the epigenetic mechanisms that control myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Carrió
- Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC) and Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias I Pujol (IGTP) Badalona, Spain
| | - Mònica Suelves
- Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC) and Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias I Pujol (IGTP) Badalona, Spain
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16
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Regulation of skeletal muscle development and homeostasis by gene imprinting, histone acetylation and microRNA. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2015; 1849:309-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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SIX1 gene: absence of mutations in children with isolated congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract. J Nephrol 2014; 27:667-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s40620-014-0112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Wu W, Ren Z, Li P, Yu D, Chen J, Huang R, Liu H. Six1: A critical transcription factor in tumorigenesis. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:1245-53. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wangjun Wu
- Department of Animal Genetics; Breeding and Reproduction; College of Animal Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
- Huaian Academy of Nanjing Agricultural University; Huaian Jiangsu China
| | - Zhuqing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding; Ministry of Agriculture; Key Lab of Agriculture Animal Genetics; Breeding and Reproduction; Ministry of Education; College of Animal Science; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Pinghua Li
- Department of Animal Genetics; Breeding and Reproduction; College of Animal Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - Debing Yu
- Department of Animal Genetics; Breeding and Reproduction; College of Animal Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Animal Genetics; Breeding and Reproduction; College of Animal Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - Ruihua Huang
- Department of Animal Genetics; Breeding and Reproduction; College of Animal Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - Honglin Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics; Breeding and Reproduction; College of Animal Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
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19
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Hua L, Fan L, Aichun W, Yongjin Z, Qingqing C, Xiaojian W. Inhibition of Six1 promotes apoptosis, suppresses proliferation, and migration of osteosarcoma cells. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:1925-31. [PMID: 24114014 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sineoculis homeobox homolog 1 (Six1) is one of the transcription factors that act as master regulators of development and is frequently dysregulated in cancers. However, the biological role of Six1 is not clear in osteosarcoma. To address the expression of Six1 in osteosarcoma cells, three osteosarcoma cell lines (U2OS, SaOS-2, and MG63) and a human osteoblastic cell line (hFOB1.19) were used to detect the expression of Six1 by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The results showed that Six1 was upregulated in osteosarcoma cell lines compared to human osteoblastic cell line hFOB1.19. To investigate the role of Six1 in osteosarcoma cells, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, flow cytometry analysis, and transwell chamber assays were used to determine the effects of Six1 on the cell viability, cycle, apoptosis, and migration properties in U2OS cells. The results showed that Six1 could promote U2OS cell proliferation and migration, and suppress U2OS cell apoptosis. In addition, we investigated the effects of Six1 on the expression of following proteins (cyclin D1, caspase-3, and vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C)). Results showed that Six1 could increase the expression of cyclin D1 and VEGF-C, and decrease the expression of caspase-3. All these data suggested that Six1 might be involved in the promotion of growth, proliferation, and migration of U2OS cells, as well as the inhibition of apoptosis of U2OS cells. These data might provide information for the prediction of osteosarcoma prognosis and potential targets for therapy of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Hua
- Department of Orthopedics, Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 55 Ninghai Middle Road, Haian, 226600, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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