Genetic risk assessment for cardiovascular disease in Azoreans (Portugal): A general population-based study

New findings in the roles of Cyclin-dependent Kinase inhibitors 2B Antisense RNA 1 (CDKN2B-AS1) rs1333049 G/C and rs4977574 A/G variants on the risk to coronary heart disease

The relationship between Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors 2B Antisense RNA 1 (CDKN2B-AS1) variants rs1333049 G/C and rs4977574 A/G and the risk of coronary heart disease is unclear. We conducted an update analysis incorporating odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals to assess the correlation. Furthermore, we used in silico analysis to investigate the genes and proteins that interact with CDKN2B. Fifty case-control studies with a sample size of 35,915 cases and 48,873 controls were involved. We revealed that the rs1333049 C allele could increase the risk of coronary heart disease in the overall analysis (allele comparison, OR = 1.13, 95%CI = 1.05–1.21, P = 0.001; homozygous contrast, OR = 1.29, 95%CI = 1.11–1.49, P = 0.001; dominant comparison, OR = 1.14, 95%CI = 1.03–1.27, P = 0.011; recessive comparison, OR = 1.21, 95%CI = 1.10–1.34, P < 0.001). In subgroup analysis, positive correlations were detected in studies involving West and East Asians and in population-based control studies. The rs4977574 G allele was also a risk factor for coronary heart disease (allelic comparison, P = 0.001; heterozygous comparison, P = 0.003; homozygous comparison, P < 0.001; dominant comparison, P = 0.001). These results indicate correlation of CDKN2B-AS1 rs1333049 G/C and rs4977574 A/G variants may be correlated with the risk of coronary heart disease.

Abbreviations CDK: Cyclin Dependent Kinase; CCND: G1/S-specific cyclin-D; CDKN: Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor; GWAS: Genome-wide association study; CDKN2B-AS1: Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors 2B Antisense RNA 1; CHD: Coronary heart disease; MAF: minor allele frequencies; HWE: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of controls; CI: confidence interval; COL8A2: Collagen type VIII alpha 2 chain; HB: Hospital-based; ORs: odds ratios; ITGA11: Integrin subunit alpha 11; LTBP: Latent transforming factor beta binding protein; PB: Population-based; IBC: Itmat Broad Care; NA: Not applicable; PCR-RFLP: polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism; MI: Myocardial Infarction; SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism; SMAD: Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog; RT-PCR: Real-time polymerase chain reaction; UK: United Kingdom

General obesity and Cardiovascular diseases among Gaur Brahmin population of NCR/Delhi

AIMS

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among human beings. The presence of endemic Cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors differ from population to population. The Cardiovascular diseases associated risk factors are sub-categorised into two forms, one is traditional and the other is non-traditional risk factors. The present study shows the prevalence of both risk factors and its association with Cardiovascular diseases, especially with reference to general obesity.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The present study includes a total of 506 Gaur Brahmins residing in Delhi and National Capital Region India. Household survey was conducted and data were collected by using pre-tested interview schedule. Somatometric measurements were taken following the international standard techniques. Approx 5 ml blood was collected from each individual unrelated up to the first cousion. The serum was used to analyse the lipid profiles and fasting glucose level. All necessary statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and MS Excel. The ethical clearance was obtained from the Ethical Committee of the Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

The mean value of Somatometric variables such as Body Mass Index, Waist circumference and Waist-hip ratio and physiological variables DBP and SBP (diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure) were found to be higher than their respective ranges in the studied population. General obesity, though found to be less common in this population as compared to abdominal obesity, but it is found to be contributing to dyslipidemia.

A review on the genetic, environmental, and lifestyle aspects of the early-life origins of cardiovascular disease

This article is a comprehensive review on developmental origins of health and disease regarding various factors related to the origins of cardiovascular diseases from early life. It presents a summary of the impacts of various factors such as epigenetics; gene-environment interaction; ethnic predisposition to cardiovascular diseases and their underlying risk factors; prenatal factors; fetal programming; maternal weight status and weight gain during pregnancy; type of feeding during infancy; growth pattern during childhood; obesity; stunting; socioeconomic status; dietary and physical activity habits; active, secondhand, and thirdhand smoking, as well as environmental factors including air pollution and global climate change on the development and progress of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors. The importance of early identification of predisposing factors for cardiovascular diseases for primordial and primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases from early life is highlighted.