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Pan J, Zeng M, Zhao M, Huang L. Research Progress on the detection methods of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1097905. [PMID: 36970703 PMCID: PMC10033578 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1097905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes clinical syndromes typified as reproductive disorders in sows and respiratory diseases in piglets. PRRSV remains one of the most prevalent pathogens affecting the pig industry, because of its complex infection profile and highly heterogeneous genetic and recombination characteristics. Therefore, a rapid and effective PRRSV detection method is important for the prevention and control of PRRS. With extensive in-depth research on PRRSV detection methods, many detection methods have been improved and promoted. Laboratory methods include techniques based on virus isolation (VI), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA), immunoperoxidase monolayer assays (IPMA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), digital PCR (dPCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), and other methods. This study reviews the latest research on improving the main PRRSV detection methods and discusses their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Pan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Mengyi Zeng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Mengmeng Zhao,
| | - Liangzong Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Liangzong Huang,
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Yan J, Peng B, Chen H, Jin Z, Cao D, Song Q, Ye J, Wang H, Tang Y. On-site differential diagnostic detection of HP-PRRSV and C-PRRSV using EuNPs-mAb fluorescent probe-based immunoassay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5799-5810. [PMID: 34331087 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has caused worldwide economic losses in the swine industry. Pigs infected with highly pathogenic (HP)-PRRSV display more severe symptoms than those infected with classical (C)-PRRSV. A rapid, sensitive, and reliable detection method to distinguish between HP-PRRSV and C-PRRSV is needed. In this study, we prepared a monoclonal antibody from a hybridoma that can distinguish HP-PRRSV(including TP, QJ, LQ, JN-HS, and TY strain) from C-PRRSV (CH-1A strain) using cell surface-fluorescence immunosorbent assays (CSFIA). Based on this monoclonal antibody (4D5), we developed a europium microsphere-based lateral flow immunochromatographic strip (EuNPs-LFICS) for the differential diagnostic detection of HP-PRRSV and C-PRRSV. Under optimized conditions, the method was rapid (15 min), sensitive (LOD: 2.57 ng mL-1, 606 TCID50/0.1 mL), selective for HP-PRRSV detection, and quantitative (DLR: 3.56-228 ng mL-1). In clinical samples, the EuNPs-LFICS assay was largely consistent with PCR results, indicating its practical clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Yan
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Peng
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Jin
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongni Cao
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Qifang Song
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Ye
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products, Xiamen Yinxiang Group Co. Ltd, Xiamen, 361100, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao G, Zhang L, Li C, Zhao J, Liu N, Li Y, Wang J, Liu L. Identification of enterobacteria in viscera of pigs afflicted with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome and other viral co-infections. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104385. [PMID: 32659314 PMCID: PMC7352111 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate enterobacteria presence involved in the secondary infections in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) pigs with different viral co-infections, we identified enterobacteria for guiding clinical treatment. Twenty-one diseased pigs were diagnosed with the PRRS virus (PRRSV) and other 7 virus primers by PCR/RT-PCR in the lung and spleen samples. Enterobacteria were isolated using MacConkey agar from 5 visceral samples of PRRS pigs, and identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. PRRSV was positive in 100% of the lung samples and 81.0% of the spleen samples. Seven diseased pigs were diagnosed with only PRRSV infection (33.3%), 7 pigs with PRRSV and 1 or 2 other viruses (33.3%) and 7 pigs with PRRSV and more than 2 types of other viruses (33.3%). PRRSV was more inclined to co-infect pigs with porcine group A rotavirus (PARV) with the co-infection rate of 52.4% (11/21). Approximately 13 types of bacteria were successfully isolated from lung, spleen, liver, kidney and lymph node samples of different PRRS pigs. Enterobacteria were isolated in 100% of lung, liver and lymph samples from pigs infected with PRRSV alone. However, the isolation rates were significantly decreased in the more than 3 viruses co-infection group. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent bacterium, followed by Morganella, Proteus, Shigella, Salmonella, Klebsiella and Aeromonas. Most of the isolated enterobacteria were opportunistic pathogens. Therefore, timely combination with antimicrobial agents is necessary for effective treatment of PRRS-infected pigs. PRRSV was more inclined to co-infect with PARV. Pigs co-infected with more virus, less enterobacteria were isolated from their viscera. Enterobacteria isolated from viscera of PRRS pigs were opportunistic pathogens. coli, Morganella and Proteus were the most prevalent enterobacteria. Secondary infection of enterobacteria should be considered in PRRS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Microorganisms, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, 266032, China
| | - Lujie Zhang
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Charles Li
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Jianmei Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Microorganisms, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, 266032, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microorganisms, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, 266032, China
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of Pathogenic Microorganisms, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, 266032, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Microorganisms, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, 266032, China.
| | - Liheng Liu
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China.
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Qiu W, Meng K, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Chen Z, Yang J, Sun W, Guo L, Ren S, Chen L, Yang G, Zhang F, Shi J, Li J, Du Y, Yu J, Wu J. Simultaneous detection of classical PRRSV, highly pathogenic PRRSV and NADC30-like PRRSV by TaqMan probe real-time PCR. J Virol Methods 2019; 282:113774. [PMID: 31726113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), an acute infectious disease caused by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), is one of the most devastating diseases affecting the global swine industry. In order to establish a multiplex real-time PCR method for the simultaneous detection of the classical PRRSV (C-PRRSV) strain, the highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) strain and NADC30-like PRRSV (NL-PRRSV) strain, we designed specific primers and TaqMan fluorescent probes based on the Nsp2 target gene sequence of these three different PRRSV strains, and designed American-type PRRSV (PRRSV-U) special primers and probes based on the relatively conserved target gene sequence of ORF7. The method established in this study can quickly and accurately detect and differentiate three types of strains of clinical tissue samples, respectively. This method plays a key role in the rapid diagnosis and determination of PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Qiu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China; School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Kai Meng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Poultry Diseases Diagnosis and Immunology, Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250023, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, 8 Nandajie, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Lihui Guo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Sufang Ren
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Guiwen Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jianli Shi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jun Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yijun Du
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China; School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Jinan, 250014, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Poultry Diseases Diagnosis and Immunology, Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250023, China.
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A novel HRM assay for differentiating classical strains and highly pathogenic strains of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Mol Cell Probes 2018; 39:25-32. [PMID: 29609038 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of classical strains and highly pathogenic strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus is crucial for effective vaccination programs and epidemiological studies. We used nested PCR and high resolution melting curve analysis with unlabeled probe to distinguish between the classical and the highly pathogenic strains of this virus. Two sets of primers and a 20 bp unlabeled probe were designed from the NSP3 gene. The unlabeled probe included two mutations specific for the classical and highly pathogenic strains of the virus. An additional primer set from the NSP2 gene of the highly pathogenic vaccine strain JXA1-R was used to detect its exclusive single nucleotide polymorphism. We tested 107 clinical samples, 21 clinical samples were positive for PRRSV (consistent with conventional PCR assay), among them four were positive for the classical strain with the remainder 17 for the highly pathogenic strain. Around 10 °C difference between probe melting temperatures showed the high discriminatory power of this method. Among highly pathogenic positive samples, three samples were determined as positive for JXA1-R vaccine-related strain with a 95% genotype confidence percentage. All these genotyping results using the high resolution melting curve assay were confirmed with DNA sequencing. This unlabeled probe method provides an alternative means to differentiate the classical strains from the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains rapidly and accurately.
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Yang K, Tian Y, Zhou D, Duan Z, Guo R, Liu Z, Yuan F, Liu W. A Multiplex RT-PCR Assay to Detect and Discriminate Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruses in Clinical Specimens. Viruses 2017; 9:v9080205. [PMID: 28763016 PMCID: PMC5580462 DOI: 10.3390/v9080205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) have led to large economic losses in China. The attenuated vaccine (HP-PRRSV JXA1-R) was used to control HP-PRRSV. However, in recent years, co-infection with classical PRRSV (C-PRRSV), HP-PRRSV, and/or HP-PRRSV JXA1-R has been increasing in China, resulting in a significant impact on PRRSV diagnostics and management. To facilitate rapid discrimination of HP-PRRSV JXA1-R from HP-PRRSV and C-PRRSV, a multiplex RT-PCR assay for the visual detection of HP-PRRSV JXA1-R, HP-PRRSV, and C-PRRSV was established and evaluated with reference PRRSV strains and clinical samples. Primer specificities were evaluated with RNA/DNA extracted from 10 viral strains, and our results revealed that the primers had a high specificity for PRRSV. The assay sensitivity was 24 copies/μL for PRRSVs. A total of 516 serum samples were identified, of which 12.21% (63/516) were HP-PRRSV-positive, 2.33% (12/516) were HP-PRRSV JXA1-R-positive, and 1.16% (6/516) were C-PRRSV-positive, respectively, which was completely consistent with the sequencing method. The high specificity, sensitivity, and reliability of the multiplex RT-PCR assay described in this study indicate that it is useful for the rapid and differential diagnosis of HP-PRRSV JXA1-R, HP-PRRSV, and C-PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
| | - Yongxiang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
| | - Danna Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
| | - Zhengying Duan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
| | - Fangyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
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Wang JC, Yuan WZ, Han QA, Wang JF, Liu LB. Reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assay for the rapid detection of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Virol Methods 2017; 243:55-60. [PMID: 28122203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most important pathogens in pigs, and has tremendous negative economic impact on the swine industry worldwide. PRRSV is classified into the two distinct genotypes: type 1 and type 2, and most of the described PRRSV isolates in China are type 2. Rapid and sensitive detection of PRRSV is of great importance for the disease control and regional eradication programs. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) has emerged as a novel isothermal amplification technology for the molecular diagnosis of infectious diseases. In this study, a fluorescence reverse transcription RPA (RT-RPA) assay was developed to detect the type 2 PRRSV using primers and exo probe specific for the viral nucleocapsid gene. The reaction was performed at 40°C within 20min. The RT-RPA assay could detect both the classical (C-PRRSV) and highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV), but there was no cross-reaction to other pathogens. Using the in vitro transcribed PRRSV RNA as template, the analytical sensitivity of RT-RPA was 690 copies. The assay performance was evaluated by testing 60 field samples and compared to real-time RT-PCR. The detection rate of RT-RPA was 86.6% (52/60), while the detection rate of real-time RT-PCR was 83.3% (50/60). This simple, rapid and reliable method could be potentially applied for rapid detection of PRRSV in point-of-care and rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Chang Wang
- Inspection and Quarantine Technical Center of Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, 318 Heping West Rd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Wan-Zhe Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, No. 38 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China.
| | - Qing-An Han
- Hebei Animal Disease Control Center, 219 Alishan Street, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050050, China
| | - Jin-Feng Wang
- Inspection and Quarantine Technical Center of Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, 318 Heping West Rd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Li-Bing Liu
- Inspection and Quarantine Technical Center of Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, 318 Heping West Rd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
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Rapid detection of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by a fluorescent probe-based isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification assay. Virus Genes 2016; 52:883-886. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Development of a genome copy specific RT-qPCR assay for divergent strains of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Virol Methods 2015; 218:1-6. [PMID: 25766790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) became a significant pathogen of swine upon its emergence in the late 1980s and since then has exemplified a rapidly evolving, constantly re-emerging pathogen. In addition to the challenges faced in development of vaccines and diagnostics, research on the basic molecular pathogenesis of PRRSV is also restrained by the ability to accurately and comparatively quantitate levels of replication in different tissues and between strains. This is further complicated by the presence of non-genomic RNA within infected tissues which are generally detected with equivalent efficiency by RT-qPCR based techniques, thereby introducing inherent error in these measurements that may differ significantly by tissue and strain. To address this, an RT-qPCR based technique was developed which targets the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene (nsp9) which is unique to genomic RNA, being absent from all subgenomic and heteroclite RNAs. This assay targets a region of considerable sequence conservation, and based on sequence only, should be quantitative for approximately 40% of all Type 2 PRRSV strains in GenBank for which nsp9 sequence is available. The assay was demonstrated to be linear over nine orders of magnitude (10(10)-10(2) copies) and can be readily adapted for multiplex detection of additional divergent PRRSV strains. This assay will add significantly to the ability to assess and compare PRRSV replication in a variety of tissues and between divergent strains, including highly pathogenic strains of considerable concern to the global pork industry.
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Kang K, Yang K, Zhong J, Tian Y, Zhang L, Zhai J, Zhang L, Song C, Gou CY, Luo J, Gou D. A direct real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid high-throughput detection of highly pathogenic North American porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in China without RNA purification. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2014; 5:45. [PMID: 25324970 PMCID: PMC4198619 DOI: 10.1186/2049-1891-5-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and particularly its highly pathogenic genotype (HP-PRRSV), have caused massive economic losses to the global swine industry. Results To rapidly identify HP-PRRSV, we developed a direct real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method (dRT-PCR) that could detect the virus from serum specimen without the need of RNA purification. Our dRT-PCR assay can be completed in 1.5 h from when a sample is received to obtaining a result. Additionally, the sensitivity of dRT-PCR matched that of conventional reverse transcription PCR (cRT-PCR) that used purified RNA. The lowest detection limit of HP-PRRSV was 6.3 TCID50 using dRT-PCR. We applied dRT-PCR assay to 144 field samples and the results showed strong consistency with those obtained by cRT-PCR. Moreover, the dRT-PCR method was able to tolerate 5-20% (v/v) serum. Conclusions Our dRT-PCR assay allows for easier, faster, more cost-effective and higher throughput detection of HP-PRRSV compared with cRT-PCR methods. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to describe a real-time RT-PCR assay capable of detecting PRRSV in crude serum samples without the requirement for purifying RNA. We believe our approach has a great potential for application to other RNA viruses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2049-1891-5-45) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China ; College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Keli Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
| | - Jiasheng Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Yongxiang Tian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
| | - Limin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Jianxin Zhai
- Shenzhen Ao Dong Inspection and Testing Technology Co,. Ltd, Shenzhen, 518000 China
| | - Li Zhang
- Shenzhen Ao Dong Inspection and Testing Technology Co,. Ltd, Shenzhen, 518000 China
| | - Changxu Song
- Veterinary Medicine Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | | | - Jun Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Deming Gou
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
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