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Formstone C, Aldeiri B, Davenport M, Francis-West P. Ventral body wall closure: Mechanistic insights from mouse models and translation to human pathology. Dev Dyn 2024. [PMID: 39319771 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The ventral body wall (VBW) that encloses the thoracic and abdominal cavities arises by extensive cell movements and morphogenetic changes during embryonic development. These morphogenetic processes include embryonic folding generating the primary body wall; the initial ventral cover of the embryo, followed by directed mesodermal cell migrations, contributing to the secondary body wall. Clinical anomalies in VBW development affect approximately 1 in 3000 live births. However, the cell interactions and critical cellular behaviors that control VBW development remain little understood. Here, we describe the embryonic origins of the VBW, the cellular and morphogenetic processes, and key genes, that are essential for VBW development. We also provide a clinical overview of VBW anomalies, together with environmental and genetic influences, and discuss the insight gained from over 70 mouse models that exhibit VBW defects, and their relevance, with respect to human pathology. In doing so we propose a phenotypic framework for researchers in the field which takes into account the clinical picture. We also highlight cases where there is a current paucity of mouse models for particular clinical defects and key gaps in knowledge about embryonic VBW development that need to be addressed to further understand mechanisms of human VBW pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Formstone
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Bashar Aldeiri
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mark Davenport
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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2
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Chen CP. Rapid detection of maternal origin of trisomy 18 by quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction in a fetus associated with increased nuchal translucency thickness and omphalocele on first-trimester prenatal ultrasound. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 63:272-275. [PMID: 38485332 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2024.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical & Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Stefekova A, Capkova P, Capkova Z, Curtisova V, Srovnal J, Mracka E, Klaskova E, Prochazka M. MLPA analysis of 32 foetuses with a congenital heart defect and 1 foetus with renal defects - pilot study. The significant frequency rate of presented pathological CNV. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2021; 166:187-194. [PMID: 33824538 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2021.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the detection rate of the pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs) in a cohort of 33 foetuses - 32 with CHD (congenital heart defects) and 1 with kidney defect, after exclusion of common aneuploidies (trisomy 13, 18, 21, and monosomy X) by karyotyping, Multiplex ligation - dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). We also assess the effectivity of MLPA as a method of the first tier for quick and inexpensive detection of mutations, causing congenital malformations in foetuses. METHODS MLPA with probe mixes P070, P036 - Telomere 3 and 5, P245 - microdeletions, P250 - DiGeorge syndrome, and P311 - CHD (Congenital heart defects) was performed in 33 samples of amniotic fluid and chorionic villi. CMA was performed in 10 relevant cases. RESULTS Pathogenic CNVs were found in 5 samples: microdeletions in region 22q11.2 (≈2 Mb) in two foetuses, one distal microdeletion of the 22q11.2 region containing genes LZTR1, CRKL, AIFM3 and SNAP29 (≈416 kb) in the foetus with bilateral renal agenesis, 8p23.1 (3.8 Mb) microdeletion syndrome and microdeletion in area 9q34.3 (1.7 Mb, Kleefstra syndrome). MLPA as an initial screening method revealed unambiguously pathogenic CNVs in 15.2 % of samples. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that MLPA and CMA are a reliable and high-resolution technology and should be used as the first-tier test for prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease. Determination of the cause of the abnormality is crucial for genetic counselling and further management of the pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Stefekova
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Capkova
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Capkova
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclava Curtisova
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Srovnal
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Enkhjargalan Mracka
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Klaskova
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Prochazka
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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15q23 Gain in a Neonate with a Giant Omphalocele and Multiple Co-Occurring Anomalies. Case Rep Pediatr 2018; 2018:8702568. [PMID: 30538881 PMCID: PMC6257893 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8702568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Omphalocele is a rare congenital abdominal wall defect. It is frequently associated with genetic abnormality and other congenital anomalies, although isolated omphalocele cases do exist. Data have shown that omphalocele with co-occurring genetic abnormality has worse prognosis than isolated omphalocele. Chromosomal analysis by a conventional technique such as karyotyping can only detect aneuploidy and large segmental duplication or deletion. Newer techniques such as high-resolution microarray analysis allow for the study of alterations in chromosomal segments that are less than 5 Mb in length; this has led to identification of critical region and genes in the pathogenesis of omphalocele. Case Presentation The current study is the initial report of a newborn male with a 15q23 gain and a giant omphalocele. High-resolution chromosomal microarray analysis identified this gain of copy number spanned 676 kb, involving almost the entire NOX5 gene (except for exon 1 of the longer transcript), the entirety of the EWSAT1, GLCE, PAQR5, KIF23, RPLP1, and DRAIC genes and exons 1-3 of the PCAT29 gene. Conclusion To date, this is the first report of an associated 15q23 gain in a case with omphalocele. Interestingly, Giancarlo Ghiselli and Steven A Farber have reported that GLCE knockdown impairs abdominal wall closure in zebrafish. We also identified GLCE gene alteration in our case. This highlights the importance of GLCE in abdominal wall development. Further study of the function of GLCE and other genes might lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of omphalocele.
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Ciaccio C, Scuvera G, Tucci A, Gentilin B, Baccarin M, Marchisio P, Avignone S, Milani D. New Insights into Kleefstra Syndrome: Report of Two Novel Cases with Previously Unreported Features and Literature Review. Cytogenet Genome Res 2018; 156:127-133. [DOI: 10.1159/000494532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kleefstra syndrome (KS) is a rare genetic condition resulting from either 9q34.3 microdeletions or mutations in the EHMT1 gene located in the same genomic region. To date, approximately 100 patients have been reported, thereby allowing the core phenotype of KS to be defined as developmental delay/intellectual disability, generalized hypotonia, neuropsychiatric anomalies, and a distinctive facial appearance. Here, to further expand the knowledge on genotype and phenotype of this condition, we report 2 novel cases: one patient carrying a 46-kb 9q34.3 deletion and showing macrocephaly never described in KS, and a second patient carrying a classic 9q34.3 deletion, presenting with a previously unreported skeletal feature (postaxial polydactyly of the right foot) and an unusual brain anomaly (olfactory bulb hypoplasia) observed via magnetic resonance imaging. Further, we provide a review of the current literature regarding KS and compare these 2 patients with those previously described, thereby confirming that the genotype-phenotype correlation in KS remains difficult to determine.
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Familial intellectual disability as a result of a derivative chromosome 22 originating from a balanced translocation (3;22) in a four generation family. Mol Cytogenet 2018; 11:18. [PMID: 29467824 PMCID: PMC5819188 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-017-0349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Balanced reciprocal translocation is usually an exchange of two terminal segments from different chromosomes without phenotypic effect on the carrier while leading to increased risk of generating unbalanced gametes. Here we describe a four-generation family in Shandong province of China with at least three patients sharing severe intellectual disability and developmental delay resulting from a derivative chromosome 22 originating from a balanced translocation (3;22) involving chromosomes 3q28q29 and 22q13.3. Methods The proband and his relatives were detected by using karyotyping, chromosome microarray analysis, fluorescent in situ hybridization and real-time qPCR. Results The proband, a 17 month-old boy, presented with severe intellectual disability, developmental delay, specific facial features and special posture of hands. Pedigree analysis showed that there were at least three affected patients. The proband and other two living patients manifested similar phenotypes and were identified to have identically abnormal cytogenetic result with an unbalanced translocation of 9.0 Mb duplication at 3q28q29 and a 1.7Mb microdeletion at 22q13.3 by karyotyping and chromosome microarray analysis. His father and other five relatives had a balanced translocation of 3q and 22q. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and real-time qPCR definitely validated the results. Conclusions The abnormal phenotypes of the proband and his two living members in four generations of the family confirmed the 3q duplication and 22q13.3 deletion inherited from familial balanced translocation. This is the first report of familial balanced reciprocal translocation involving chromosomes 3q28q29 and 22q13.3 segregating through four generations.
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Guterman S, Hervé B, Rivière J, Fauvert D, Clement P, Vialard F. First prenatal diagnosis of a ‘pure’ 9q34.3 deletion (Kleefstra syndrome): A case report and literature review. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2017; 44:570-575. [DOI: 10.1111/jog.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Guterman
- EA7404-GIG; University Simone Veil of Health Sciences; UVSQ Montigny le Bretonneux France
| | - Bérénice Hervé
- EA7404-GIG; University Simone Veil of Health Sciences; UVSQ Montigny le Bretonneux France
- Cytogenetics Laboratory; Poissy/St Germain Hospital; Poissy France
| | | | - Delphine Fauvert
- Cytogenetics Laboratory; Poissy/St Germain Hospital; Poissy France
| | | | - François Vialard
- EA7404-GIG; University Simone Veil of Health Sciences; UVSQ Montigny le Bretonneux France
- Cytogenetics Laboratory; Poissy/St Germain Hospital; Poissy France
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Peterson JF, Basel DG, Bick DP, Chirempes B, Lorier RB, Zemlicka N, Grignon JW, Weik L, Kappes U. A Rare Combination of Functional Disomy Xp, Deletion Xq13.2-q28 Spanning the XIST Gene, and Duplication 3q25.33-q29 in a Female with der(X)t(X;3)(q13.2;q25.33). J Pediatr Genet 2017; 7:23-28. [PMID: 29441218 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1604448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report a 19-year-old female patient with a history of short stature, primary ovarian insufficiency, sensorineural hearing loss, sacral teratoma, neurogenic bladder, and intellectual disability with underlying mosaicism for der(X)t(X;3)(q13.2;q25.33), a ring X chromosome, and monosomy X. Derivative X chromosomes from unbalanced X-autosomal translocations are preferentially silenced by the XIST gene (Xq13.2) located within the X-inactivation center. The unbalanced X-autosomal translocation in our case resulted in loss of the XIST gene thus precluding the inactivation of the derivative X chromosome. As a result, clinical features of functional disomy Xp, Turner's syndrome, and duplication 3q syndrome were observed. Importantly, indications of the derivative X chromosome were revealed by microarray analysis following an initial diagnosis of Turner's syndrome made by conventional cytogenetic studies approximately 18 months earlier. This case demonstrates the importance of utilizing microarray analysis as a first-line test in patients with clinical features beyond the scope of a well-defined genetic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess F Peterson
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Donald G Basel
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States.,Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - David P Bick
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, United States
| | - Brett Chirempes
- The Advanced Genomics Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Rachel B Lorier
- The Advanced Genomics Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Nykula Zemlicka
- The Advanced Genomics Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - John W Grignon
- Wisconsin Diagnostic Laboratories, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - LuAnn Weik
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Ulrike Kappes
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States.,The Advanced Genomics Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
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Huang LY, Yang Y, He P, Li DZ. Increased first-trimester nuchal translucency associated with a dicentric chromosome and 9q34.3 microdeletion syndrome. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2016; 37:327-329. [DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2016.1245278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lv-Yin Huang
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong-Zhi Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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10
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Chen CP, Lin SP, Li HB, Chen YN, Wang W. Pregnancy with de novo 9q34.3 microdeletion and Kleefstra syndrome in the fetus may be associated with an abnormal maternal serum screening result. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 54:450-1. [PMID: 26384070 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shuan-Pei Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Bo Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ni Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wayseen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Bioengineering, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Tonni G, Bellotti M, Palmisano M, Alesi V, Bertoli M, Bonasoni MP. 408 kb 15q11.2 microduplication by array comparative genomic hybridization in a fetus presenting with exomphalos, micrognathia, tetralogy of Fallot and normal karyotype: a genetic counseling dilemma in paternal carrier status. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2015; 55:65-70. [PMID: 25109822 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exomphalos may be associated with chromosomal abnormalities and syndromes. Severe exomphalos (herniation of liver, midgut and spleen) associated with increased nuchal translucency was seen at first trimester screening test. Karyotype by chorionic villus sampling showed normal male fetus. Follow up scan at 16 and 18 weeks of gestation confirmed the severe exomphalos and detected micrognathia and tetralogy of Fallot. Array comparative genomic hybridization (a-CGH) further demonstrated a 408 kb 15q11.2 microduplication, with the father-to-be as healthy carrier. This is the first case of an association between 15q11.2 micorduplication and fetal sonographic anomalies. Genetic counseling for estimation of recurrent risk of congenital anomalies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Tonni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prenatal Diagnostic Service, Guastalla Civil Hospital, AUSL Reggio Emilia, Guastalla, Italy
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Campbell CL, Collins RT, Zarate YA. Severe neonatal presentation of Kleefstra syndrome in a patient with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and 9q34.3 microdeletion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 100:985-90. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Candace L. Campbell
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Department of Pediatrics; Little Rock Arkansas
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Division of Cardiology; Little Rock Arkansas
| | - R. Thomas Collins
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Department of Pediatrics; Little Rock Arkansas
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Division of Cardiology; Little Rock Arkansas
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Department of Internal Medicine; Little Rock Arkansas
| | - Yuri A. Zarate
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Department of Pediatrics; Little Rock Arkansas
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Division of Genetics; Little Rock Arkansas
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