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Haggerty A, Spaulding J, Fisher S, Byers B, Mahoney N, Nelson M, Althof P, Dave B. Patient with Mosaic Turner Syndrome and a Derivative X Chromosome with a Variant Triple X Diagnosis in Fetus: A Case Report. Cytogenet Genome Res 2023; 162:609-616. [PMID: 36787703 DOI: 10.1159/000529619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Turner syndrome is most often sporadic, multigenerational recurrence has been reported more often in the offspring of women with mosaic or variant forms of Turner syndrome. We present a case in which natural conception in a woman with identified 45,X/46,XX mosaicism resulted in a fetus with a gain of a derivative X chromosome. The unexpected fetal finding prompted further cytogenetic evaluation of the patient and subsequent identification of an additional cell line with the same derivative X chromosome, not observed in the initial study. To our knowledge, this is the first case in which further investigation of an abnormal noninvasive prenatal screen resulted in the identification of both maternal and fetal sex chromosome abnormality. We discuss the discordant finding, similar cases, and potential phenotype with respect to skewed X inactivation. We also highlight the use of multiple testing methodologies to characterize the serendipitous identification of a derivative X chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Haggerty
- Warren G. Sanger Human Genetics Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center/Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA,
| | - Joanna Spaulding
- Warren G. Sanger Human Genetics Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center/Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Munroe Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sara Fisher
- Department of Medical Sciences, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Benjamin Byers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bryan Health, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Nicolle Mahoney
- Gynecology & Fertility, Gynecology & Fertility P.C., Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Marilu Nelson
- Warren G. Sanger Human Genetics Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center/Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Pamela Althof
- Warren G. Sanger Human Genetics Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center/Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Bhavana Dave
- Warren G. Sanger Human Genetics Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center/Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Munroe Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Pathology/Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Sahota JS, Sharma B, Guleria K, Sambyal V. Candidate genes for infertility: an in-silico study based on cytogenetic analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:170. [PMID: 35918717 PMCID: PMC9347124 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01320-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cause of infertility remains unclear in a significant proportion of reproductive-age couples who fail to conceive naturally. Chromosomal aberrations have been identified as one of the main genetic causes of male and female infertility. Structural chromosomal aberrations may disrupt the functioning of various genes, some of which may be important for fertility. The present study aims to identify candidate genes and putative functional interaction networks involved in male and female infertility using cytogenetic data from cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes of infertile patients. Methods Karyotypic analyses was done in 201 infertile patients (100 males and 101 females) and 201 age and gender matched healthy controls (100 males and 101 females) after 72 h peripheral lymphocyte culturing and GTG banding, followed by bioinformatic analysis using Cytoscape v3.8.2 and Metascape. Results Several chromosomal regions with a significantly higher frequency of structural aberrations were identified in the infertile males (5q2, 10q2, and 17q2) and females (6q2, 16q2, and Xq2). Segregation of the patients based on type of infertility (primary v/s secondary infertility) led to the identification of chromosomal regions with a significantly higher frequency of structural aberrations exclusively within the infertile males (5q2, 17q2) and females (16q2) with primary infertility. Cytoscape identified two networks specific to these regions: a male specific network with 99 genes and a female specific network with 109 genes. The top enriched GO terms within the male and female infertility networks were “skeletal system morphogenesis” and “mRNA transport” respectively. PSME3, PSMD3, and CDC27 were the top 3 hub genes identified within the male infertility network. Similarly, UPF3B, IRF8, and PSMB1 were the top 3 hub genes identified with the female infertility network. Among the hub genes identified in the male- and female-specific networks, PSMB1, PSMD3, and PSME3 are functional components of the proteasome complex. These hub genes have a limited number of reports related to their respective roles in maintenance of fertility in mice model and humans and require validation in further studies. Conclusion The candidate genes predicted in the present study can serve as targets for future research on infertility. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01320-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Singh Sahota
- Department of Human Genetics, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Guru Nanak Dev University (GNDU), Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Bhavna Sharma
- Department of Human Genetics, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Guru Nanak Dev University (GNDU), Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Kamlesh Guleria
- Department of Human Genetics, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Guru Nanak Dev University (GNDU), Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Vasudha Sambyal
- Department of Human Genetics, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Guru Nanak Dev University (GNDU), Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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Ramos L. WT1, NR0B1, NR5A1, LHX9, ZFP92, ZNF275, INSL3, and NRIP1 Genetic Variants in Patients with Premature Ovarian Insufficiency in a Mexican Cohort. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:611. [PMID: 35456418 PMCID: PMC9025227 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is one of the main causes of female premature infertility. POI is a genetically heterogeneous disorder with a complex molecular etiology; as such, the genetic causes remain unknown in the majority of patients. Therefore, this study aimed to identify mutations and characterize the associated molecular contribution of gonadogenesis-determinant genes to POI. Genomic assays, including PCR-SSCP and Sanger sequencing, followed by in silico analyses were used to investigate the underpinnings of ovarian deficiency in 11 women affected by POI. Large deletions and nucleotide insertions and duplications were excluded by PCR. Thirteen genetic variants were identified in the WT1 (c.213G>T, c.609T>C, c.873A>G, c.1122G>A), NR0B1 (c.353C>T, c.425G>A), NR5A1 (c.437G>C, IVS4-20C>T), LHX9 (IVS2-12G>C, IVS3+13C>T, c.741T>C), ZNF275 (c.969C>T), and NRIP1 (c.3403C>T) genes. Seven novel genetic variants and five unpublished substitutions were identified. No genetic aberrations were detected in the ZFP92 and INSL3 genes. Each variant was genotyped using PCR-SSCP in 100 POI-free subjects, and their allelic frequencies were similar to the patients. These analyses indicated that allelic variation in the WT1, NR0B1, NR5A1, LHX9, ZFP92, ZNF275, INSL3, and NRIP1 genes may be a non-disease-causing change or may not contribute significantly to the genetics underlying POI disorders. Findings support the polygenic nature of this clinical disorder, with the SNVs identified representing only a probable contribution to the variability of the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ramos
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
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Chen B, Li L, Wang J, Zhou Y, Zhu J, Li T, Pan H, Liu B, Cao Y, Wang B. Identification of the first homozygous POLG mutation causing non-syndromic ovarian dysfunction. Climacteric 2018; 21:467-471. [PMID: 29992832 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2018.1467891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the genetic cause of non-syndromic ovarian dysfunction in a patient from a consanguineous family. METHODS This study examined a patient with irregular menstrual cycles and abnormal oocytes. The patient had undergone irregular hormone replacement therapy over 3 years to adjust the menstrual cycle and improve ovarian function. Prior to ovarian stimulation in our hospital, 3 months of androgen and regular hormone therapy were used as an intervention method. No follicular development was detected in the subsequent three cycles using letrozole treatment. The patient then received a constantly adjusted dose of menotropins, but produced only one oocyte. RESULTS Whole-exome sequencing analysis identified the first homozygous POLG mutation (c.2890C > T; p.R964C) associated with ovarian dysfunction. Sanger sequencing was used to validate. In silico analysis suggested that the p.R964C mutation was pathogenic. Conservation analysis demonstrated that R964 was an important site for the DNA polymerase function of POLG. CONCLUSIONS Biallelic mutations in POLG may be associated with ovarian dysfunction. This study has improved our understanding of POLG-related genetic mutations in ovarian dysfunction, and the mode of inheritance of certain sequence variants. This information will assist genetic counseling and precision medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chen
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China.,b Institute of Reproductive Genetics , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China.,c Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs , Hefei , China
| | - L Li
- d Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital , Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - J Wang
- e Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Y Zhou
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China.,b Institute of Reproductive Genetics , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China.,c Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs , Hefei , China
| | - J Zhu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China.,b Institute of Reproductive Genetics , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China.,c Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs , Hefei , China
| | - T Li
- f Center for Genetics , National Research Institute for Family Planning , Beijing , China
| | - H Pan
- f Center for Genetics , National Research Institute for Family Planning , Beijing , China
| | - B Liu
- f Center for Genetics , National Research Institute for Family Planning , Beijing , China
| | - Y Cao
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China.,b Institute of Reproductive Genetics , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China.,c Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs , Hefei , China
| | - B Wang
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China.,f Center for Genetics , National Research Institute for Family Planning , Beijing , China.,g Key Laboratory of Family Planning and Reproductive Genetics , National Health and Family Planning Commission, Hebei Research Institute for Family Planning , Hebei , China
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Unraveling unusual X-chromosome patterns during fragile-X syndrome genetic testing. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 476:167-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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The comparison of animal models for premature ovarian failure established by several different source of inducers. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 81:223-232. [PMID: 27612992 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare premature ovarian failure animal models established by several different source of inducers. Female ICR mice, KM mice, and SD rats were treated by cyclophosphamide at 120 mg/kg, busulfan at 12 mg/kg, cisplatin at 3 or 4 mg/kg, 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide at 160 mg/kg, 35% galactose food pellet, and tripterygium glycosides at 50 mg/kg, respectively. Parameters were analyzed by body weight, serum concentration level of related hormones, ovarian and uterine pathological examination. The results indicated the body weight of mice increased very slowly following single dose of cyclophosphamide (p < 0.05) with damaged ovary; repeated doses of cisplatin could induce body weight significantly decreased (p < 0.01) with a rising trend of serum LH concentration, declining tendency of serum E2 concentration and injured ovary and uterus; 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide also hindered the mice growing (p < 0.05) with damaged ovary and uterus; the body weight of mice feed by 35% galactose food pellet increased slowly (p < 0.05) with dramatically higher serum concentration level of galactose, albumin, and total protein (p < 0.001) and injured ovary. Busulfan and tripterygium glycosides did not present obvious evidences. In conclusion, the inducers presented their respective features in such animal models and should be appropriately applied in preventive methods.
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Chauhan P, Jaiswal SK, Lakhotia AR, Rai AK. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of two Turner syndrome patients with mosaic ring X chromosome. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 33:1161-8. [PMID: 27387888 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-016-0761-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present study, we reported two cases of TS with mosaic ring X chromosome showing common clinical characteristics of TS like growth retardation and ovarian dysfunction. The purpose of the present study was to cytogenetically characterize both cases. METHODS Whole blood culture and G-banding were performed for karyotyping the cases following standard protocol. Origin of the ring chromosome and degree of mosaicism were further determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Breakpoints and loss of genetic material in formation of different ring X chromosomes r (X) in cases were determined with the help of cytogenetic microarray. RESULTS Cases 1 and 2 with ring chromosome were cytogenetically characterized as 45, X [114]/46Xr (X) (p22.11q21.32) [116] and 45, X [170]/46, Xr (X) (p22.2q21.33) [92], respectively. Sizes of these ring X chromosomes were found to be ~75 and ~95 Mb in cases 1 and 2, respectively, using visual estimation as part of cytogenetic observation. In both cases, we observed breakpoints on Xq chromosome were within relatively narrow region between Xq21.33 and Xq22.1 compared to regions in previously reported cases associated with ovarian dysgenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our observation agrees with the fact that despite of large heterogeneity, severity of the cases with intact X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) is dependent on degree of mosaicism and extent of Xq deletion having crucial genes involved directly or indirectly in various physiological involving ovarian cyclicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Chauhan
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Jaiswal
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Amit Kumar Rai
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
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Ferfouri F, Bernicot I, Schneider A, Haquet E, Hédon B, Anahory T. Is the resulting phenotype of an embryo with balanced X-autosome translocation, obtained by means of preimplantation genetic diagnosis, linked to the X inactivation pattern? Fertil Steril 2016; 105:1035-46. [PMID: 26772789 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine if a balanced female embryo with X-autosome translocation could, during its subsequent development, express an abnormal phenotype. DESIGN Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) analysis on two female carriers with maternal inherited X-autosome translocations. SETTING Infertility center and genetic laboratory in a public hospital. PATIENT(S) Two female patients carriers undergoing PGD for a balanced X-autosome translocations: patient 1 with 46,X,t(X;2)(q27;p15) and patient 2 with 46,X,t(X;22)(q28;q12.3). INTERVENTION(S) PGD for balanced X-autosome translocations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) PGD outcomes, fluorescence in situ hybridization in biopsied embryos and meiotic segregation patterns analysis of embryos providing from X-autosome translocation carriers. RESULT(S) Controlled ovarian stimulation facilitated retrieval of a correct number of oocytes. One balanced embryo per patient was transferred and one developed, but the patient miscarried after 6 weeks of amenorrhea. In X-autosome translocation carriers, balanced Y-bearing embryos are most often phenotypically normal and viable. An ambiguous phenotype exists in balanced X-bearing embryos owing to the X inactivation mechanism. In 46,XX embryos issued from an alternate segregation, der(X) may be inactivated and partially spread transcriptional silencing into a translocated autosomal segment. Thus, the structural unbalanced genotype could be turned into a viable functional balanced one. It is relevant that a discontinuous silencing is observed with a partial and unpredictable inactivation of autosomal regions. Consequently, the resulting phenotype remains a mystery and is considered to be at risk of being an abnormal phenotype in the field of PGD. CONCLUSION(S) It is necessary to be cautious regarding to PGD management for this type of translocation, particularly in transferred female embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ferfouri
- Cytogenetic PGD Department, CHU Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Izabel Bernicot
- Cytogenetic PGD Department, CHU Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Anouck Schneider
- Cytogenetic PGD Department, CHU Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuelle Haquet
- ART-PGD Department, CHU Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Bernard Hédon
- ART-PGD Department, CHU Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Tal Anahory
- Cytogenetic PGD Department, CHU Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France; ART-PGD Department, CHU Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France; INSERM U487, Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France.
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The Bologna criteria for poor ovarian response: a contemporary critical appraisal. J Ovarian Res 2015; 8:76. [PMID: 26577149 PMCID: PMC4650906 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-015-0204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Postponement of child bearing and maternal age at first pregnancy are on the rise, contributing considerably to an increase in age-related infertility and the demand for assisted reproductive technologies (ART) treatment. This brings to the infertility clinics many women with low ovarian reserve and poor ovarian response (POR) to conventional stimulation. The Bologna criteria were released to standardize the definition of POR and pave the way for the formulation of evidence-based, efficient modalities of treatment for women undergoing IVF-ET. More than four years have passed since the introduction of these criteria and the debate is still ongoing whether a revision is due. Women with POR comprise several sub-groups with diverse baseline distinctiveness, a major issue that has fueled the discussion. Although antral follicle count (AFC) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), are considered good predictors of ovarian reserve, their threshold values are still not universally standardized. Different definitions for sonographic AFC and diverse assays for AMH are held responsible for this delay in standardization. Adding established risk factors to the criteria will lead to more reliable and reproducible definition of a POR, especially in young women. The original criteria did not address the issue of oocyte quality, and the addition of risk factors may yield specific associations with quality vs. quantity. Patient’s age is the best available criterion, although limited, to predict live-birth and presumably oocyte quality. High scale studies to validate these criteria are still missing while recent evidence raises concern regarding over diagnosis.
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Haltrich I, Pikó H, Pamjav H, Somogyi A, Völgyi A, David D, Beke A, Garamvölgyi Z, Kiss E, Karcagi V, Fekete G. Complex X chromosome rearrangement associated with multiorgan autoimmunity. Mol Cytogenet 2015; 8:51. [PMID: 26191082 PMCID: PMC4506572 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-015-0152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Turner syndrome, a congenital condition that affects 1/2,500 births, results from absence or structural alteration of the second sex chromosome. Turner syndrome is usually associated with short stature, gonadal dysgenesis and variable dysmorphic features. The classical 45,X karyotype accounts approximately for half of all patients, the remainder exhibit mosaicism or structural abnormalities of the X chromosome. However, complex intra-X chromosomal rearrangements involving more than three breakpoints are extremely rare. RESULTS We present a unique case of a novel complex X chromosome rearrangement in a young female patient presenting successively a wide range of autoimmune diseases including insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, celiac disease, anaemia perniciosa, possible inner ear disease and severe hair loss. For the genetic evaluation, conventional cytogenetic analysis and FISH with different X specific probes were initially performed. The complexity of these results and the variety of autoimmune problems of the patient prompted us to identify the exact composition and breakpoints of the rearranged X as well as methylation status of the X chromosomes. The high resolution array-CGH (assembly GRCh37/hg19) detected single copy for the whole chromosome X short arm. Two different sized segments of Xq arm were present in three copies: one large size of 80,3 Mb from Xq11.1 to Xq27.3 region and another smaller (11,1 Mb) from Xq27.3 to Xq28 region. An 1,6 Mb Xq27.3 region of the long arm was present in two copies. Southern blot analysis identified a skewed X inactivation with ≈ 70:30 % ratios of methylated/unmethylated fragments. The G-band and FISH patterns of the rearranged X suggested the aspect of a restructured i(Xq) chromosome which was shattered and fortuitously repaired. The X-STR genotype analysis of the family detected that the patient inherited intact maternal X chromosome and a rearranged paternal X chromosome. The multiple Xq breakages and fusions as well as inverted duplication would have been expected to cause a severe Turner phenotype. However, the patient lacks many of the classic somatic features of Turner syndrome, instead she presented multiorgan autoimmune diseases. CONCLUSIONS The clinical data of the presented patient suggest that fragmentation of the i(Xq) chromosome elevates the risk of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irén Haltrich
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 7-9, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Henriett Pikó
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Diagnostics, National Center of Public Health, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Horolma Pamjav
- DNA Laboratory, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Network of Forensic Science Institutes, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anikó Somogyi
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Antónia Völgyi
- DNA Laboratory, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Network of Forensic Science Institutes, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dezső David
- Department of Human Genetics, Organization National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Artúr Beke
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Garamvölgyi
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Kiss
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 7-9, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veronika Karcagi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Diagnostics, National Center of Public Health, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Fekete
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 7-9, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
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Ramírez-Velasco A, Rivera H. A further rec(X)dup p and compilation of 23 cases. Comment on "molecular genetic and cytogenetic characterization of a partial Xp duplication and Xq deletion in a patient with premature ovarian failure" by Kim et al. Gene, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.gene.2013.10.026. Gene 2014; 548:155-7. [PMID: 25014138 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azubel Ramírez-Velasco
- División de Genética, CIBO, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Mexico; CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Horacio Rivera
- División de Genética, CIBO, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Mexico; CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.
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