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Cai B, Zheng Y, Yan J, Wang J, Liu X, Yin G. BMP2-mediated PTEN enhancement promotes differentiation of hair follicle stem cells by inducing autophagy. Exp Cell Res 2019; 385:111647. [PMID: 31562859 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation and differentiation of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) is regulated by several signaling pathways, including BMP and PTEN. Therefore, this study intended to clarify the potential effects of two such regulators, BMP2 and PTEN, on HFSC differentiation. HFSCs were subjected to BMP2, noggin (BMP2 ligand inhibitor), rapamycin (Rapa, autophagy inducer), 3-methyladenine (3-MA, autophagy inhibitor), or shRNA against PTEN. The differentiation of HFSCs was evaluated using oil red O staining and autophagy was assessed using the transmission electron microscope. Then expression of epidermal differentiation marker (K10 and involucrin), adipogenic markers (PPAR-γ2, aP2, perilipin2, and Adipoq), keratinocyte-specific marker (K15), proliferation-related markers (PCNA and Ki67) and autophagy-related factors (Atg5, Atg7, Atg12, Beclin-1 and LC3-II/LC3-I) was examined by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. Next, HFSCs were treated with 3-MA, or shRNA against Atg5 or Atg7 to verify the effect of autophagy on differentiation of BMP2-treated HFSCs. Finally, the effect of BMP2 on HFSC differentiation was verified by a mouse wound model. HFSCs overexpressing BMP2 exhibited elevated expression of epidermal differentiation marker, adipogenic markers and autophagy-related factors but inhibited expression of keratinocyte-specific marker and proliferation-related markers. Furthermore, we found that PTEN promoted the differentiation of BMP2-treated HFSCs by inducing autophagy. In vivo experiments further confirmed the roles of BMP2/PTEN on differentiation of HFSCs. Taken together, BMP2 up-regulated PTEN and consequently induced autophagy to facilitate HFSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Cai
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Yunpeng Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Jiadi Yan
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Junmin Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Henan Province Medical Instrument Testing Institute, Zhengzhou, 450018, PR China
| | - Guangwen Yin
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China.
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2
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Laizé V, Gavaia PJ, Tarasco M, Viegas MN, Caria J, Luis N, Cancela ML. Osteotoxicity of 3-methylcholanthrene in fish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 161:721-728. [PMID: 29940513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many chemicals produced by human activities end up in the aquatic ecosystem causing adverse developmental and reproductive effects in aquatic organisms. There is evidence that some anthropogenic chemicals disturb bone formation and skeletal development but the lack of suitable in vitro and in vivo systems for testing has hindered the identification of underlying mechanisms of osteotoxicity. Several fish systems - an in vitro cell system to study extracellular matrix mineralization and in vivo systems to evaluate bone formation and skeletogenesis - were combined to collect data on the osteotoxic activity of 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Anti-mineralogenic effects, increased incidence of skeletal deformities and reduced bone formation and regeneration were observed in zebrafish upon exposure to 3-MC. Pathway reporter array revealed the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2 (Ahr2) in the mechanisms underlying 3-MC osteotoxicity in mineralogenic cell lines. Analysis of gene expression in zebrafish larvae confirmed the role of Ahr2 in the signaling of 3-MC toxicity. It also indicated a possible complementary action of the pregnane X receptor (Pxr) in the regulation of genes involved in bone cell activity and differentiation but also in xenobiotic metabolism. Data reported here demonstrated the osteotoxicity of 3-MC but also confirmed the suitability of fish systems to gain insights into the toxic mechanisms of compounds affecting skeletal and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Paulo J Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM) and Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Marco Tarasco
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Michael N Viegas
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Joana Caria
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Nuno Luis
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM) and Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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3
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Rosa J, Cox CJ, Cancela ML, Laizé V. Identification of a fish short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase associated with bone metabolism. Gene 2018; 645:137-145. [PMID: 29248578 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Although human and mouse genetics have largely contributed to the better understanding of the mechanisms underlying skeletogenesis, much more remains to be uncovered. In this regard alternative and complementary systems have been sought and cell systems capable of in vitro calcification have been developed to study the mechanisms underlying bone formation. In gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), a gene coding for an unknown protein that is strongly up-regulated during extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization of a pre-osteoblast cell line was recently identified as a potentially important player in bone formation. In silico analysis of the deduced protein revealed the presence of domains typical of short-chain dehydrogenase/reductases (SDR). Closely related to carbonyl reductase 1, seabream protein belongs to a novel subfamily of SDR proteins with no orthologs in mammals. Analysis of gene expression by qPCR confirmed the strong up-regulation of sdr-like expression during in vitro mineralization but also revealed high expression levels in calcified tissues. A possible role for Sdr-like in osteoblast and bone metabolism was further evidenced through (i) the localization by in situ hybridization of sdr-like transcript in pre-osteoblasts of the operculum and (ii) the regulation of sdr-like gene transcription by Runx2 and retinoic acid receptor, two regulators of osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. Expression data also indicated a role for Sdr-like in gastrointestinal tract homeostasis and during gilthead seabream development at gastrulation and metamorphosis. This study reports a new subfamily of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases in vertebrates and, for the first time, provides evidence of a role for SDRs in bone metabolism, osteoblast differentiation and/or tissue mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Rosa
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Cymon J Cox
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
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4
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Roberto VP, Gavaia P, Nunes MJ, Rodrigues E, Cancela ML, Tiago DM. Evidences for a New Role of miR-214 in Chondrogenesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3704. [PMID: 29487295 PMCID: PMC5829070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21735-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-214 is known to play a role in mammalian skeletal development through inhibition of osteogenesis and stimulation of osteoclastogenesis, but data regarding other vertebrates, as well as a possible role in chondrogenesis, remain unknown. Here, we show that miR-214 expression is detected in bone and cartilage of zebrafish skeleton, and is downregulated during murine ATDC5 chondrocyte differentiation. Additionally, we observed a conservation of the transcriptional regulation of miR-214 primary transcript Dnm3os in vertebrates, being regulated by Ets1 in ATDC5 chondrogenic cells. Moreover, overexpression of miR-214 in vitro and in vivo mitigated chondrocyte differentiation probably by targeting activating transcription factor 4 (Atf4). Indeed, miR-214 overexpression in vivo hampered cranial cartilage formation of zebrafish and coincided with downregulation of atf4 and of the key chondrogenic players sox9 and col2a1. We show that miR-214 overexpression exerts a negative role in chondrogenesis by impacting on chondrocyte differentiation possibly through conserved mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Palma Roberto
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR-LA), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.,PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences, DCBM, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR-LA), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria João Nunes
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elsa Rodrigues
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR-LA), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal. .,Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Daniel Martins Tiago
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR-LA), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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Taylor MV, Hughes SM. Mef2 and the skeletal muscle differentiation program. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 72:33-44. [PMID: 29154822 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mef2 is a conserved and significant transcription factor in the control of muscle gene expression. In cell culture Mef2 synergises with MyoD-family members in the activation of gene expression and in the conversion of fibroblasts into myoblasts. Amongst its in vivo roles, Mef2 is required for both Drosophila muscle development and mammalian muscle regeneration. Mef2 has functions in other cell-types too, but this review focuses on skeletal muscle and surveys key findings on Mef2 from its discovery, shortly after that of MyoD, up to the present day. In particular, in vivo functions, underpinning mechanisms and areas of uncertainty are highlighted. We describe how Mef2 sits at a nexus in the gene expression network that controls the muscle differentiation program, and how Mef2 activity must be regulated in time and space to orchestrate specific outputs within the different aspects of muscle development. A theme that emerges is that there is much to be learnt about the different Mef2 proteins (from different paralogous genes, spliced transcripts and species) and how the activity of these proteins is controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Taylor
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
| | - Simon M Hughes
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL UK
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Li Y, Song J, Tong Y, Chung SK, Wong YH. RGS19 upregulates Nm23-H1/2 metastasis suppressors by transcriptional activation via the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69945-69960. [PMID: 29050254 PMCID: PMC5642529 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nm23 metastasis suppressor family is involved in physiological and pathological processes including tumorigenesis and metastasis. Although the inverse correlation of Nm23 level with tumor metastasis potential has been widely observed, the mechanisms that regulate the expression of Nm23 remain poorly understood. Our previous studies have revealed that Nm23-H1/2 isoforms are upregulated by RGS19, a regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) protein which accelerates the termination of Gi signals. Here, we examined the ability of RGS19 to stimulate transcriptional regulation of Nm23 by screening a panel of luciferase reporter genes. Transient and stable overexpression of RGS19 upregulated the Nm23-H1/2 protein levels and activated several transcription factors including CREB, AP-1 and SRE in HEK293 cells. Interestingly, agents that increase the intracellular cAMP level and the phosphorylation of CREB (e.g., adrenergic receptor agonist, forskolin, and cAMP analogues) upregulated the expression of Nm23-H1/2 in HEK293 cells and several cancer cell lines including A549, HeLa, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-435s cells. Conversely, inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) by H-89 suppressed the phosphorylation of CREB and reduced the expression of Nm23-H1/2. Furthermore, activation of PKA attenuated cancer cell migration in wound healing and transwell assays. Collectively, these results revealed a PKA-dependent mechanism for controlling Nm23-H1/2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Li
- Division of Life Sciences and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiaxing Song
- Division of Life Sciences and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yao Tong
- Division of Life Sciences and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sookja Kim Chung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yung H Wong
- Division of Life Sciences and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and the Molecular Neuroscience Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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7
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Rosa J, Tiago DM, Marques CL, Vijayakumar P, Fonseca L, Cancela ML, Laizé V. Central role of betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase 3 in chondral ossification and evidence for sub-functionalization in neoteleost fish. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1373-87. [PMID: 27036080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To better understand the complex mechanisms of bone formation it is fundamental that genes central to signaling/regulatory pathways and matrix formation are identified. Cell systems were used to analyze genes differentially expressed during extracellular matrix mineralization and bhmt3, coding for a betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase, was shown to be down-regulated in mineralizing gilthead seabream cells. METHODS Levels and sites of bhmt3 expression were determined by qPCR and in situ hybridization throughout seabream development and in adult tissues. Transcriptional regulation of bhmt3 was assessed from the activity of promoter constructs controlling luciferase gene expression. Molecular phylogeny of vertebrate BHMT was determined from maximum likelihood analysis of available sequences. RESULTS bhmt3 transcript is abundant in calcified tissues and localized in cartilaginous structures undergoing endo/perichondral ossification. Promoter activity is regulated by transcription factors involved in bone and cartilage development, further demonstrating the central role of Bhmt3 in chondrogenesis and/or osteogenesis. Molecular phylogeny revealed the explosive diversity of bhmt genes in neoteleost fish, while tissue distribution of bhmt genes in seabream suggested that neoteleostean Bhmt may have undergone several steps of sub-functionalization. CONCLUSIONS Data on bhmt3 gene expression and promoter activity evidences a novel function for betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase in bone and cartilage development, while phylogenetic analysis provides new insights into the evolution of vertebrate BHMTs and suggests that multiple gene duplication events occurred in neoteleost fish lineage. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE High and specific expression of Bhmt3 in gilthead seabream calcified tissues suggests that bone-specific betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferases could represent a suitable marker of chondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Rosa
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Daniel M Tiago
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Cátia L Marques
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Luis Fonseca
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
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