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Rex DAB, Suchitha GP, Palollathil A, Kanichery A, Prasad TSK, Dagamajalu S. The network map of urotensin-II mediated signaling pathway in physiological and pathological conditions. J Cell Commun Signal 2022; 16:601-608. [PMID: 35174439 PMCID: PMC9733756 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Urotensin-II is a polypeptide ligand with neurohormone-like activity. It mediates downstream signaling pathways through G-protein-coupled receptor 14 (GPR14) also known as urotensin receptor (UTR). Urotensin-II is the most potent endogenous vasoconstrictor in mammals, promoting cardiovascular remodelling, cardiac fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. It is also involved in other physiological and pathological activities, including neurosecretory effects, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, kidney disease, and carcinogenic effects. Moreover, it is a notable player in the process of inflammatory injury, which leads to the development of inflammatory diseases. Urotensin-II/UTR expression stimulates the accumulation of monocytes and macrophages, which promote the adhesion molecules expression, chemokines activation and release of inflammatory cytokines at inflammatory injury sites. Therefore, urotensin-II turns out to be an important therapeutic target for the treatment options and management of associated diseases. The main downstream signaling pathways mediated through this urotensin-II /UTR system are RhoA/ROCK, MAPKs and PI3K/AKT. Due to the importance of urotensin-II systems in biomedicine, we consolidated a network map of urotensin-II /UTR signaling. The described signaling map comprises 33 activation/inhibition events, 31 catalysis events, 15 molecular associations, 40 gene regulation events, 60 types of protein expression, and 11 protein translocation events. The urotensin-II signaling pathway map is made freely accessible through the WikiPathways Database ( https://www.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP5158 ). The availability of comprehensive urotensin-II signaling in the public resource will help understand the regulation and function of this pathway in normal and pathological conditions. We believe this resource will provide a platform to the scientific community in facilitating the identification of novel therapeutic drug targets for diseases associated with urotensin-II signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. B. Rex
- grid.413027.30000 0004 1767 7704Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed To Be University), Mangalore, 575018 India
| | - G. P. Suchitha
- grid.413027.30000 0004 1767 7704Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed To Be University), Mangalore, 575018 India
| | - Akhina Palollathil
- grid.413027.30000 0004 1767 7704Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed To Be University), Mangalore, 575018 India
| | - Anagha Kanichery
- grid.413027.30000 0004 1767 7704Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed To Be University), Mangalore, 575018 India
| | - T. S. Keshava Prasad
- grid.413027.30000 0004 1767 7704Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed To Be University), Mangalore, 575018 India
| | - Shobha Dagamajalu
- grid.413027.30000 0004 1767 7704Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed To Be University), Mangalore, 575018 India
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Mazurara GR, Dallagnol JCC, Chatenet D, Allen BG, Hébert TE. The complicated lives of GPCRs in cardiac fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C813-C822. [PMID: 35938678 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00120.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the cardiovascular system is well understood in cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In the former, stimulation of Gs-coupled receptors leads to increases in contractility, while stimulation of Gq-coupled receptors modulates cellular survival and hypertrophic responses. In VSMCs, stimulation of GPCRs also modulates contractile and cell growth phenotypes. Here, we will focus on the relatively less well studied effects of GPCRs in cardiac fibroblasts, focusing on key signalling events involved in the activation and differentiation of these cells. We also review the hierarchy of signalling events driving the fibrotic response and the communications between fibroblasts and other cells in the heart. We discuss how such events may be distinct depending on where the GPCRs and their associated signalling machinery are localized in these cells with an emphasis on nuclear membrane-localized receptors. Finally, we explore what such connections between cell surface and nuclear GPCR signalling might mean for cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace R Mazurara
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Juliana C C Dallagnol
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Groupe de Recherche en Ingénierie des Peptides et en Pharmacothérapie (GRIPP), Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada.,Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Chatenet
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Groupe de Recherche en Ingénierie des Peptides et en Pharmacothérapie (GRIPP), Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Bruce G Allen
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Terence E Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Li Z, Guo J, Bian Y, Zhang M. Intermedin protects thapsigargin‑induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in cardiomyocytes by modulating protein kinase A and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+‑ATPase. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:107. [PMID: 33300086 PMCID: PMC7723158 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermedin (IMD) is a calcitonin/calcitonin-related peptide that elicits cardioprotective effects in a variety of heart diseases, such as cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. However, the molecular mechanism of IMD remains unclear. The present study investigated the effects of IMD on neonatal rat ventricular myocytes treated with thapsigargin. The results of the present study demonstrated that thapsigargin induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Thapsigargin induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, as determined by increased expression levels of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein, C/EBP-homologous protein and caspase-12, which were dose-dependently attenuated by pretreatment with IMD. In addition, IMD treatment counteracted the thapsigargin-induced suppression of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) activity and protein expression levels, and cytoplasmic Ca2+ overload. IMD treatment also augmented the phosphorylation of phospholamban, which is a crucial regulator of SERCA. Additionally, treatment with the protein kinase A antagonist H-89 inhibited the IMD-mediated cardioprotective effects, including SERCA activity restoration, anti-Ca2+ overload, endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibition and antiapoptosis effects. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that IMD may protect cardiomyocytes against thapsigargin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and the associated apoptosis at least partly by activating the protein kinase A/SERCA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Medical University First Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Bian
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Medical University Second Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Mingsheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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Pereira-Castro J, Brás-Silva C, Fontes-Sousa AP. Novel insights into the role of urotensin II in cardiovascular disease. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:2170-2180. [PMID: 31430542 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Urotensin II (UII) is a vasoactive peptide that interacts with a specific receptor called the UT receptor. UII has been implicated in cardiovascular regulation, with promising therapeutic applications based on UT receptor antagonism. The endogenous ligands of the UT receptor: UII and urotensin-related peptide (URP), differentially bind and activate this receptor. Also, the receptor localization is not restricted to the plasma membrane, possibly inducing different physiological responses that could support its inconsistent, but potent, vasoactive activity. These properties could explain the disappointing outcomes in clinical studies, in contrast to the positive preclinical results regarding heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. These aspects should be considered in future investigations to a better comprehension of the role of UII as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pereira-Castro
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Brás-Silva
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, UnIC - Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Patrícia Fontes-Sousa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal.
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Jumaah S, Çelekli A, Sucu M. The role of human urotensin-II in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2018; 39:150-162. [PMID: 28686108 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2017.1344130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic condition with the hallmark feature of left ventricular hypertrophy. Human Urotensin-II (hUT-II) is regarded as a cardiovascular autacoid/hormone, and it has cardiac inotropic and hypertrophic properties. Aims of this study were to elucidate the clinical significance of serum hUT-II levels as a potential new biomarker in patients with HCM. METHODS This study included 40 HCM patients (60% males and 40% females) and were compared to 30 healthy control subjects (47% males and 53% females. All patients underwent extensive clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic. Blood samples were taken to test for serum hUT-II levels by commercial ELISA Kit. RESULTS Serum hUT-II was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in patients with HCM (15.8 ± 2.1 pmol/L) compared with healthy controls (3.3 ± 1.7 pmol/L). With regard to HCM patient, Serum hUT-II levels were significantly higher in the female with 16.3 ± 1.9 pmol/L than the male with 15.4 ± 2.2 pmol/L (p < 0.05). Among echocardiographic parameters, hUT-II was negatively associated with ejection fraction (r = -0.160, p = 0.324). CONCLUSION Results of the first study indicated that serum hUT-II levels were markedly elevated in patients with HCM. Serum hUT-II is a novel biomarker parameter that has clinical use in patients with the severity of LVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Jumaah
- a Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Biochemistry Science and Technology , Gaziantep University , Gaziantep , Turkey
| | - Abuzer Çelekli
- b Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology , Gaziantep University , Gaziantep , Turkey
| | - Murat Sucu
- c Medical Faculty Cardiology , Gaziantep University , Gaziantep , Turkey
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Xu J, Han Q, Shi H, Liu W, Chu T, Li H. Role of PKA in the process of neonatal cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by urotensin II. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:499-504. [PMID: 28656205 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The model of urotensin II (UII)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy has been widely used in studies on hypertrophy. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for UII-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy have not yet been fully elucidated. It has been demonstrated that cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by UII is associated with changes in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. In the present study, we investigated whether the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA)‑mediated upregulation of the phosphorylation levels of phospholamban (PLN) at Ser16 contributes to UII-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. After primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were exposed to UII for 48 h, cell size, protein/DNA contents and intracellular Ca2+ levels were detected. Western blot analysis was used to quantify the phosphorylated and total forms of PKA, PLN and the total amount of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA)2a. UII increased the cell size, the protein/DNA ratio and the intracellular Ca2+ levels, consistent with the characteristics of hypertrophic response. In addition, exposure to UII upregulated the phosphorylation levels of PKA, and the expression levels of its downstream proteins, PLN and SERCA2a. However, treatment with PKA inhibitor (KT-5720) reversed all these effects of UII. On the whole, our results suggest that UII induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through the PKA-mediated upregulation of PLN phosphorylation at Ser16, which provides a new experimental foundation for the prevention and/or treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Han
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Chu
- Department of Cardiology, Linfen People's Hospital, Linfen, Shanxi 041000, P.R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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Effects of Total Flavone from Rhododendron simsii Planch. Flower on Postischemic Cardiac Dysfunction and Cardiac Remodeling in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:5389272. [PMID: 28684968 PMCID: PMC5480058 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5389272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of total flavone from Rhododendron simsii Planch. flower (TFR) on postischemic cardiac dysfunction and ventricular remodeling and was to test the hypothesis that TFR has an antiventricular remodeling effect through inhibition of urotensin-II receptor- (UTR-) mediated activation of RhoA-ROCK pathways. Twenty-four hours after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to receive 4-week treatment with saline (model group) or TFR. Compared to the model group, TFR treatment restored cardiac function, attenuated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and reduced interstitial fibrosis. Expression levels of several fibrosis-related factors, including alpha-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor-beta 1, matrix metalloproteinase-2, and collagen type I, were increased after MI. TFR treatment attenuated the upregulation of these factors, downregulated UTR expression, and markedly diminished the expression of RhoA and ROCK1/2. These results suggested that TFR could improve cardiac function and ameliorate ventricular remodeling through blocking UTR-mediated activation of RhoA-ROCK pathways in myocardial infarction rats.
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Park CH, Lee JH, Lee MY, Lee JH, Lee BH, Oh KS. A novel role of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 in urotensin II-stimulated cellular hypertrophy in H9c2 UT cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 422:151-160. [PMID: 27613164 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2814-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Urotensin II (UII) is a neural hormone that induces cardiac hypertrophy and may be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Hypertrophy has been linked to histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) phosphorylation and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) translocation, both of which are predominantly mediated by G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5). In the present study, we found that UII rapidly and strongly stimulated nuclear export of HDAC5 and nuclear import of NF-κB in H9c2 cells overexpressing the urotensin II receptor (H9c2UT). Hence, we hypothesized that GRK5 and its signaling pathway may play a role in UII-mediated cellular hypertrophy. H9c2UT cells were transduced with a GRK5 small hairpin RNA interference recombinant lentivirus, resulting in the down-regulation of GRK5. Under UII stimulation, reduced levels of GRK5 in H9c2UT cells led to suppression of UII-mediated HDAC5 phosphorylation and activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. In contrast, UII-mediated activations of ERK1/2 and GSK3α/β were not affected by down-regulation of GRK5. In a cellular hypertrophy assay, down-regulation of GRK5 significantly suppressed UII-mediated hypertrophy of H9c2UT cells. Furthermore, UII-mediated cellular hypertrophy was inhibited by amlexanox, a selective GRK5 inhibitor, in H9c2UT cells and neonatal cardiomyocytes. Our results suggest that GRK5 may be involved in a UII-mediated hypertrophic response via activation of NF-κB and HDAC5 at least in part by ERK1/2 and GSK3α/β-independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheon Ho Park
- Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Lee
- Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Lee
- Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ho Lee
- Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. .,Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Seok Oh
- Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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