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Zegeye T, Belay G, Vallejo-Trujillo A, Han J, Hanotte O. Genome-wide diversity and admixture of five indigenous cattle populations from the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia. Front Genet 2023; 14:1050365. [PMID: 37600659 PMCID: PMC10432725 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1050365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Tigray region, where we found around eight per cent of the indigenous cattle population of Ethiopia, is considered as the historic centre of the country, with the ancient pre-Aksumite and Aksumite civilisations in contact with the civilisations of the Fertile Crescent and the Indian subcontinent. Here, we used whole genome sequencing data to characterise the genomic diversity, relatedness, and admixture of five cattle populations (Abergelle, Arado, Begait, Erob, and Raya) indigenous to the Tigray region of Ethiopia. We detected 28 to 29 million SNPs and 2.7 to 2.9 million indels in each population, of which 7% of SNPs and 34% of indels were novel. Functional annotation of the variants showed around 0.01% SNPs and 0.22%-0.27% indels in coding regions. Enrichment analysis of genes overlapping missense private SNPs revealed 20 significant GO terms and KEGG pathways that were shared by or specific to breeds. They included important genes associated with morphology (SCN4A, TAS1R2 and KCNG4), milk yield (GABRG1), meat quality (MMRN2, VWC2), feed efficiency (PCDH8 and SLC26A3), immune response (LAMC1, PCDH18, CELSR1, TLR6 and ITGA5), heat resistance (NPFFR1 and HTR7) and genes belonging to the olfactory gene family, which may be related to adaptation to harsh environments. Tigray indigenous cattle are very diverse. Their genome-wide average nucleotide diversity ranged from 0.0035 to 0.0036. The number of heterozygous SNPs was about 0.6-0.7 times higher than homozygous ones. The within-breed average number of ROHs ranged from 777.82 to 1000.45, with the average sum of the length of ROHs ranging from 122.01 Mbp to 163.88 Mbp. The genomic inbreeding coefficients differed among animals and breeds, reaching up to 10% in some Begait and Raya animals. Tigray indigenous cattle shared a common ancestry with Asian indicine (85.6%-88.7%) and African taurine (11.3%-14.1%) cattle, with very small, if any, European taurine introgression. This study identified high within-breed genetic diversity representing an opportunity for breeding improvement programs and, also, significant novel variants that could increase the number of known cattle variants, an important contribution to the knowledge of domestic cattle genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsadkan Zegeye
- Mekelle Agricultural Research Center, Tigray Agricultural Research Institute, Mekelle, Ethiopia
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Live Gene—CTLGH, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gurja Belay
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Adriana Vallejo-Trujillo
- Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health (CTLGH), The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jianlin Han
- Live Gene—CTLGH, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Olivier Hanotte
- Live Gene—CTLGH, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health (CTLGH), The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Cells, Organism and Molecular Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Soltis MP, Moorey SE, Egert-McLean AM, Voy BH, Shepherd EA, Myer PR. Rumen Biogeographical Regions and Microbiome Variation. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030747. [PMID: 36985320 PMCID: PMC10057925 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The rumen is a complex organ that is critical for its host to convert low-quality feedstuffs into energy. The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to volatile fatty acids and other end products is primarily driven by the rumen microbiome and its interaction with the host. Importantly, the rumen is demarcated into five distinct rumen sacs as a result of anatomical structure, resulting in variable physiology among the sacs. However, rumen nutritional and microbiome studies have historically focused on the bulk content or fluids sampled from single regions within the rumen. Examining the rumen microbiome from only one or two biogeographical regions is likely not sufficient to provide a comprehensive analysis of the rumen microbiome and its fermentative capacity. Rumen biogeography, digesta fraction, and microbial rumen–tissue association all impact the diversity and function of the entirety of the rumen microbiome. Therefore, this review discusses the importance of the rumen biographical regions and their contribution to microbiome variation.
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Tang Q, Liu Q, Li Y, Mo L, He J. CRELD2, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and human diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1117414. [PMID: 36936176 PMCID: PMC10018036 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1117414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CRELD2, a member of the cysteine-rich epidermal growth factor-like domain (CRELD) protein family, is both an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein and a secretory factor. The expression and secretion of CRELD2 are dramatically induced by ER stress. CRELD2 is ubiquitously expressed in multiple tissues at different levels, suggesting its crucial and diverse roles in different tissues. Recent studies suggest that CRELD2 is associated with cartilage/bone metabolism homeostasis and pathological conditions involving ER stress such as chronic liver diseases, cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases, and cancer. Herein, we first summarize ER stress and then critically review recent advances in the knowledge of the characteristics and functions of CRELD2 in various human diseases. Furthermore, we highlight challenges and present future directions to elucidate the roles of CRELD2 in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinhui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Mo
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhan He
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Jinhan He,
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Fregulia P, Campos MM, Dias RJP, Liu J, Guo W, Pereira LGR, Machado MA, Faza DRDLR, Guan LL, Garnsworthy PC, Neves ALA. Taxonomic and predicted functional signatures reveal linkages between the rumen microbiota and feed efficiency in dairy cattle raised in tropical areas. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1025173. [PMID: 36523842 PMCID: PMC9745175 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1025173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruminants digest plant biomass more efficiently than monogastric animals due to their symbiotic relationship with a complex microbiota residing in the rumen environment. What remains unclear is the relationship between the rumen microbial taxonomic and functional composition and feed efficiency (FE), especially in crossbred dairy cattle (Holstein x Gyr) raised under tropical conditions. In this study, we selected twenty-two F1 Holstein x Gyr heifers and grouped them according to their residual feed intake (RFI) ranking, high efficiency (HE) (n = 11) and low efficiency (LE) (n = 11), to investigate the effect of FE on the rumen microbial taxa and their functions. Rumen fluids were collected using a stomach tube apparatus and analyzed using amplicon sequencing targeting the 16S (bacteria and archaea) and 18S (protozoa) rRNA genes. Alpha-diversity and beta-diversity analysis revealed no significant difference in the rumen microbiota between the HE and LE animals. Multivariate analysis (sPLS-DA) showed a clear separation of two clusters in bacterial taxonomic profiles related to each FE group, but in archaeal and protozoal profiles, the clusters overlapped. The sPLS-DA also revealed a clear separation in functional profiles for bacteria, archaea, and protozoa between the HE and LE animals. Microbial taxa were differently related to HE (e.g., Howardella and Shuttleworthia) and LE animals (e.g., Eremoplastron and Methanobrevibacter), and predicted functions were significatively different for each FE group (e.g., K03395-signaling and cellular process was strongly related to HE animals, and K13643-genetic information processing was related to LE animals). This study demonstrates that differences in the rumen microbiome relative to FE ranking are not directly observed from diversity indices (Faith's Phylogenetic Diversity, Pielou's Evenness, Shannon's diversity, weighted UniFrac distance, Jaccard index, and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity), but from targeted identification of specific taxa and microbial functions characterizing each FE group. These results shed light on the role of rumen microbial taxonomic and functional profiles in crossbred Holstein × Gyr dairy cattle raised in tropical conditions, creating the possibility of using the microbial signature of the HE group as a biological tool for the development of biomarkers that improve FE in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Fregulia
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana Magalhães Campos
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, EMBRAPA), National Center for Research on Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Roberto Júnio Pedroso Dias
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Junhong Liu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro Pereira
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, EMBRAPA), National Center for Research on Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Machado
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, EMBRAPA), National Center for Research on Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniele Ribeiro de Lima Reis Faza
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, EMBRAPA), National Center for Research on Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Phil C. Garnsworthy
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - André Luis Alves Neves
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Cunningham-Hollinger HC, Gray ZT, Christensen KW, Means WJ, Lake S, Paisley SI, Cammack KM, Meyer AM. The effect of feed efficiency classification on visceral organ mass in finishing steers. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Individual feed intake of crossbred beef steers (one contemporary group/year, 2 yr) was recorded during finishing to investigate visceral organ mass in steers divergent for feed efficiency. Based on residual feed intake (RFI), the 20% most efficient (HE, n = 8/year) and 20% least efficient (LE; n = 8/year) steers with 12th rib fat ≥1.02 cm were slaughtered. High efficiency steers had less DM intake (P < 0.001), greater G:F (P < 0.001), and similar ADG and hot carcass weight (HCW). High efficiency steers tended to have less (P ≤ 0.10) small intestinal mass (actual and relative to BW and HCW) in year 1. In year 2, HE steers tended to have greater (P ≤ 0.10) large intestinal actual and relative masses. Low efficiency steers tended to have greater (P = 0.06) actual omasum mass and had greater (P ≤ 0.03) relative omasum masses compared with HE. Stomach complex, total gastrointestinal tract, liver, and kidney masses tended to be greater (P ≤ 0.10) relative to BW, and were greater (P ≤ 0.05) relative to HCW, in LE. Data suggest that visceral organ mass, especially of the gastrointestinal tract, plays a role in overall metabolic efficiency of finishing steers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zebadiah T.L. Gray
- University of Wyoming, 4416, Department of Animal Science, Laramie, Wyoming, United States
| | - Kelcey W Christensen
- University of Wyoming, 4416, Department of Animal Science, Laramie, Wyoming, United States
| | - Warrie J Means
- University of Wyoming, 4416, Department of Animal Science, Laramie, Wyoming, United States
| | - Scott Lake
- University of Wyoming, 4416, Department of Animal Science, Laramie, Wyoming, United States
| | - Steve I Paisley
- University of Wyoming, 4416, Department of Animal Science, Laramie, Wyoming, United States
| | - Kristi M. Cammack
- University of Wyoming, 4416, Department of Animal Science, Laramie, Wyoming, United States
| | - Allison M. Meyer
- University of Missouri, 14716, Division of Animal Sciences, Columbia, Missouri, United States
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Prune homolog 2 with BCH domain (PRUNE2) gene expression is associated with feed efficiency-related traits in Nelore steers. Mamm Genome 2022; 33:629-641. [PMID: 35840822 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-022-09960-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Animal feeding is a critical factor in increasing producer profitability. Improving feed efficiency can help reduce feeding costs and reduce the environmental impact of beef production. Candidate genes previously identified for this trait in differential gene expression studies (e.g., case-control studies) have not examined continuous gene-phenotype variation, which is a limitation. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the expression of five candidate genes in the liver, measured by quantitative real-time PCR and feed-related traits. We adopted a linear mixed model to associate liver gene expression from 52 Nelore steers with the following production traits: average daily gain (ADG), body weight (BW), dry matter intake (DMI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency (FE), Kleiber index (KI), metabolic body weight (MBW), residual feed intake (RFI), and relative growth ratio (RGR). The total expression of the prune homolog 2 (PRUNE2) gene was significantly associated with DMI, FCR, FE, and RFI (P < 0.05). Furthermore, we have identified a new transcript of PRUNE2 (TCONS_00027692, GenBank MZ041267) that was inversely correlated with FCR and FE (P < 0.05), in contrast to the originally identified PRUNE2 transcript. The cytochrome P450 subfamily 2B (CYP2B6), early growth response protein 1 (EGR1), collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) genes were not associated with any feed efficiency-related traits (P > 0.05). The findings reported herein suggest that PRUNE2 expression levels affects feed efficiency-related traits variation in Nelore steers.
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7
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Use of a graph neural network to the weighted gene co-expression network analysis of Korean native cattle. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9854. [PMID: 35701465 PMCID: PMC9197844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13796-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the general framework of the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), a hierarchical clustering algorithm is commonly used to module definition. However, hierarchical clustering depends strongly on the topological overlap measure. In other words, this algorithm may assign two genes with low topological overlap to different modules even though their expression patterns are similar. Here, a novel gene module clustering algorithm for WGCNA is proposed. We develop a gene module clustering network (gmcNet), which simultaneously addresses single-level expression and topological overlap measure. The proposed gmcNet includes a “co-expression pattern recognizer” (CEPR) and “module classifier”. The CEPR incorporates expression features of single genes into the topological features of co-expressed ones. Given this CEPR-embedded feature, the module classifier computes module assignment probabilities. We validated gmcNet performance using 4,976 genes from 20 native Korean cattle. We observed that the CEPR generates more robust features than single-level expression or topological overlap measure. Given the CEPR-embedded feature, gmcNet achieved the best performance in terms of modularity (0.261) and the differentially expressed signal (27.739) compared with other clustering methods tested. Furthermore, gmcNet detected some interesting biological functionalities for carcass weight, backfat thickness, intramuscular fat, and beef tenderness of Korean native cattle. Therefore, gmcNet is a useful framework for WGCNA module clustering.
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Genes Involved in Feed Efficiency Identified in a Meta-Analysis of Rumen Tissue from Two Populations of Beef Steers. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121514. [PMID: 35739852 PMCID: PMC9219435 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The rumen makes up a large portion of the digestive tract of beef cattle and is responsible for the absorption of nutrients and microbial by-products. The rumen papillae interact with feed, microbial populations, and fermentation products important to cattle nutrition. Variation in the animal’s ability to take up and utilize these nutrients affects feed efficiency. This study was performed to identify genes involved in feed efficiency that are expressed in two unrelated and physically distant populations of Angus and Hereford crossbred steers. A total of 83 genes were identified that may be useful indicators of feed efficiency in cattle. Differentially expressed genes were involved in a protein turnover pathway and a stomach lining turnover pathway. The use of meta-analysis for the two populations of cattle with different sire lines, management and handling techniques, and feed ingredients should allow the identification of genes that are involved in feed efficiency across cattle populations rather than those identified in a single population. Abstract In cattle, the rumen is an important site for the absorption of feed by-products released by bacterial fermentation, and variation in ruminal function plays a role in cattle feed efficiency. Studies evaluating gene expression in the rumen tissue have been performed prior to this. However, validating the expression of genes identified in additional cattle populations has been challenging. The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of the ruminal transcriptome of two unrelated populations of animals to identify genes that are involved in feed efficiency across populations. RNA-seq data from animals with high and low residual feed intake (RFI) from a United States population of cattle (eight high and eight low RFI) and a Canadian population of cattle (nine high and nine low RFI) were analyzed for differences in gene expression. A total of 83 differentially expressed genes were identified. Some of these genes have been previously identified in other feed efficiency studies. These genes included ATP6AP1, BAG6, RHOG, and YPEL3. Differentially expressed genes involved in the Notch signaling pathway and in protein turnover were also identified. This study, combining two unrelated populations of cattle in a meta-analysis, produced several candidate genes for feed efficiency that may be more robust indicators of feed efficiency than those identified from single populations of animals.
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Esmaeili N, Carter CG, Wilson R, Walker SP, Miller MR, Bridle AR, Symonds JE. Protein metabolism in the liver and white muscle is associated with feed efficiency in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) reared in seawater: Evidence from proteomic analysis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2022; 42:100994. [PMID: 35533546 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2022.100994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie differences in feed efficiency (FE) is an important step toward optimising growth and achieving sustainable salmonid aquaculture. In this study, the liver and white muscle proteomes of feed efficient (EFF) and inefficient (INEFF) Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) reared in seawater were investigated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In total, 2746 liver and 702 white muscle proteins were quantified and compared between 21 EFF and 22 INEFF fish. GSEA showed that gene sets related to protein synthesis were enriched in the liver and white muscle of the EFF group, while conversely, pathways related to protein degradation (amino acid catabolism and proteolysis, respectively) were the most affected processes in the liver and white muscle of INEFF fish. Estimates of individual daily feed intake and share of the meal within tank were significantly higher in the INEFF than the EFF fish showing INEFF fish were likely more dominant during feeding and overfed. Overeating by the INEFF fish was associated with an increase in protein catabolism. This study found that fish with different FE values had expression differences in the gene sets related to protein turnover, and this result supports the hypothesis that protein metabolism plays a role in FE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Esmaeili
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Private Bag 49, Australia.
| | - Chris G Carter
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Private Bag 49, Australia
| | - Richard Wilson
- Central Science Laboratory, Research Division, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia
| | | | - Matthew R Miller
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Private Bag 49, Australia; Cawthron Institute, Nelson 7010, New Zealand
| | - Andrew R Bridle
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Private Bag 49, Australia
| | - Jane E Symonds
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Private Bag 49, Australia; Cawthron Institute, Nelson 7010, New Zealand
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Fregulia P, Neves ALA, Dias RJP, Campos MM. A review of rumen parameters in bovines with divergent feed efficiencies: What do these parameters tell us about improving animal productivity and sustainability? Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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11
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Kim YC, Jeong MJ, Jeong BH. Regulatory Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of the Bovine IFITM3 Gene Induces Differential Transcriptional Capacities of Hanwoo and Holstein Cattle. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111662. [PMID: 34828268 PMCID: PMC8619045 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), a crucial effector of the host's innate immune system, prohibits an extensive range of viruses. Previous studies have reported that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IFITM3 gene are associated with the expression level and length of the IFITM3 protein and can impact susceptibility to infectious viruses and the severity of infection with these viruses. However, there have been no studies on polymorphisms of the bovine IFITM3 gene. In the present study, we finely mapped the bovine IFITM3 gene and annotated the identified polymorphisms. We investigated polymorphisms of the bovine IFITM3 gene in 108 Hanwoo and 113 Holstein cattle using direct sequencing and analyzed genotype, allele, and haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium (LD) between the IFITM3 genes of the two cattle breeds. In addition, we analyzed transcription factor-binding sites and transcriptional capacity using PROMO and luciferase assays, respectively. Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of a nonsynonymous SNP of the IFITM3 gene using PolyPhen-2, PANTHER, and PROVEAN. We identified 23 polymorphisms in the bovine IFITM3 gene and found significantly different genotype, allele, and haplotype frequency distributions and LD scores between polymorphisms of the bovine IFITM3 gene in Hanwoo and Holstein cattle. In addition, the ability to bind the transcription factor Nkx2-1 and transcriptional capacities were significantly different depending on the c.-193T > C allele. Furthermore, nonsynonymous SNP (F121L) was predicted to be benign. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first genetic study of bovine IFITM3 polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chan Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Korea; (Y.-C.K.); (M.-J.J.)
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Min-Ju Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Korea; (Y.-C.K.); (M.-J.J.)
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Korea; (Y.-C.K.); (M.-J.J.)
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-900-4040; Fax: +82-63-900-4012
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12
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Moreira GM, Aguiar GL, Meneses JAM, Luz MHD, Monteiro MGBB, Lara L, Ladeira MM, Souza JCD, Duarte MDS, Gionbelli MP. The course of pregnancy changes general metabolism and affects ruminal epithelium activity pattern in Zebu beef heifers. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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McKenna C, Keogh K, Porter RK, Waters SM, Cormican P, Kenny DA. An examination of skeletal muscle and hepatic tissue transcriptomes from beef cattle divergent for residual feed intake. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8942. [PMID: 33903612 PMCID: PMC8076192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87842-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The selection of cattle with enhanced feed efficiency is of importance with regard to reducing feed costs in the beef industry. Global transcriptome profiling was undertaken on liver and skeletal muscle biopsies from Simmental heifers and bulls divergent for residual feed intake (RFI), a widely acknowledged feed efficiency phenotype, in order to identify genes that may be associated with this trait. We identified 5 genes (adj. p < 0.1) to be differentially expressed in skeletal muscle between high and low RFI heifers with all transcripts involved in oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial homeostasis. A total of 11 genes (adj. p < 0. 1) were differentially expressed in liver tissue between high and low RFI bulls with differentially expressed genes related to amino and nucleotide metabolism as well as endoplasmic reticulum protein processing. No genes were identified as differentially expressed in either heifer liver or bull muscle analyses. Results from this study show that the molecular control of RFI in young cattle is modified according to gender, which may be attributable to differences in physiological maturity between heifers and bulls of the same age. Despite this we have highlighted a number of genes that may hold potential as molecular biomarkers for RFI cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare McKenna
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, C15 PW93, Co. Meath, Ireland.,School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Kate Keogh
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, C15 PW93, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Richard K Porter
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Sinead M Waters
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, C15 PW93, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Paul Cormican
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, C15 PW93, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - David A Kenny
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, C15 PW93, Co. Meath, Ireland.
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14
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Kim YC, Jeong BH. Phylogenetic and topological analyses of the bovine interferon-induced transmembrane protein (IFITM3). Acta Vet Hung 2021; 69:14-22. [PMID: 33861724 DOI: 10.1556/004.2021.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) plays a pivotal role in antiviral capacity in several species. However, to date, investigations of the IFITM3 protein in cattle have been rare. According to recent studies, interspecific differences in the IFITM3 protein result in several unique features of the IFITM3 protein relative to primates and birds. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the bovine IFITM3 protein based on nucleotide and amino acid sequences to find its distinct features. We found that the bovine IFITM3 gene showed a significantly different length and homology relative to other species, including primates, rodents and birds. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the bovine IFITM3 gene and IFITM3 protein showed closer evolutionary distance with primates than with rodents. However, cattle showed an independent clade among primates, rodents and birds. Multiple sequence alignment of the IFITM3 protein indicated that the bovine IFITM3 protein contains 36 bovine-specific amino acids. Notably, the bovine IFITM3 protein was predicted to prefer inside-to-outside topology of intramembrane domain 1 (IMD1) and inside-to-outside topology of transmembrane domain 2 by TMpred and three membrane embedding domains according to the SOSUI system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chan Kim
- 1Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 820-120 Hana-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54531, Republic of Korea
- 2Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Jeong
- 1Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 820-120 Hana-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54531, Republic of Korea
- 2Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54531, Republic of Korea
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15
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Lam S, Miglior F, Fonseca PAS, Gómez-Redondo I, Zeidan J, Suárez-Vega A, Schenkel F, Guan LL, Waters S, Stothard P, Cánovas A. Identification of functional candidate variants and genes for feed efficiency in Holstein and Jersey cattle breeds using RNA-sequencing. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:1928-1950. [PMID: 33358171 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The identification of functional genetic variants and associated candidate genes linked to feed efficiency may help improve selection for feed efficiency in dairy cattle, providing economic and environmental benefits for the dairy industry. This study used RNA-sequencing data obtained from liver tissue from 9 Holstein cows [n = 5 low residual feed intake (RFI), n = 4 high RFI] and 10 Jersey cows (n = 5 low RFI, n = 5 high RFI), which were selected from a single population of 200 animals. Using RNA-sequencing, 3 analyses were performed to identify: (1) variants within low or high RFI Holstein cattle; (2) variants within low or high RFI Jersey cattle; and (3) variants within low or high RFI groups, which are common across both Holstein and Jersey cattle breeds. From each analysis, all variants were filtered for moderate, modifier, or high functional effect, and co-localized quantitative trait loci (QTL) classes, enriched biological processes, and co-localized genes related to these variants, were identified. The overlapping of the resulting genes co-localized with functional SNP from each analysis in both breeds for low or high RFI groups were compared. For the first two analyses, the total number of candidate genes associated with moderate, modifier, or high functional effect variants fixed within low or high RFI groups were 2,810 and 3,390 for Holstein and Jersey breeds, respectively. The major QTL classes co-localized with these variants included milk and reproduction QTL for the Holstein breed, and milk, production, and reproduction QTL for the Jersey breed. For the third analysis, the common variants across both Holstein and Jersey breeds, uniquely fixed within low or high RFI groups were identified, revealing a total of 86,209 and 111,126 functional variants in low and high RFI groups, respectively. Across all 3 analyses for low and high RFI cattle, 12 and 31 co-localized genes were overlapping, respectively. Among the overlapping genes across breeds, 9 were commonly detected in both the low and high RFI groups (INSRR, CSK, DYNC1H1, GAB1, KAT2B, RXRA, SHC1, TRRAP, PIK3CB), which are known to play a key role in the regulation of biological processes that have high metabolic demand and are related to cell growth and regeneration, metabolism, and immune function. The genes identified and their associated functional variants may serve as candidate genetic markers and can be implemented into breeding programs to help improve the selection for feed efficiency in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lam
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - F Miglior
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - P A S Fonseca
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - I Gómez-Redondo
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - J Zeidan
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - A Suárez-Vega
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - F Schenkel
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - L L Guan
- Department of Agriculture, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6H 2P5
| | - S Waters
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, Ireland C15 PW93
| | - P Stothard
- Department of Agriculture, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6H 2P5
| | - A Cánovas
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
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16
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Brunes LC, Baldi F, Lopes FB, Lôbo RB, Espigolan R, Costa MFO, Stafuzza NB, Magnabosco CU. Weighted single-step genome-wide association study and pathway analyses for feed efficiency traits in Nellore cattle. J Anim Breed Genet 2020; 138:23-44. [PMID: 32654373 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to conduct a weighted single-step genome-wide association study to detect genomic regions and putative candidate genes related to residual feed intake, dry matter intake, feed efficiency (FE), feed conversion ratio, residual body weight gain, residual intake and weight gain in Nellore cattle. Several protein-coding genes were identified within the genomic regions that explain more than 0.5% of the additive genetic variance for these traits. These genes were associated with insulin, leptin, glucose, protein and lipid metabolisms; energy balance; heat and oxidative stress; bile secretion; satiety; feed behaviour; salivation; digestion; and nutrient absorption. Enrichment analysis revealed functional pathways (p-value < .05) such as neuropeptide signalling (GO:0007218), negative regulation of canonical Wingless/Int-1 (Wnt) signalling (GO:0090090), bitter taste receptor activity (GO:0033038), neuropeptide hormone activity (GO:0005184), bile secretion (bta04976), taste transduction (bta0742) and glucagon signalling pathway (bta04922). The identification of these genes, pathways and their respective functions should contribute to a better understanding of the genetic and physiological mechanisms regulating Nellore FE-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmilla C Brunes
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil.,Embrapa Rice and Beans, Santo Antônio de Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fernando Baldi
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | | | - Raysildo B Lôbo
- National Association of Breeders and Researchers (ANCP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafael Espigolan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | - Nedenia B Stafuzza
- Beef Cattle Research Center, Animal Science Institute, Sertãozinho, Brazil
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17
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Sun HZ, Zhao K, Zhou M, Chen Y, Guan LL. Landscape of multi-tissue global gene expression reveals the regulatory signatures of feed efficiency in beef cattle. Bioinformatics 2020; 35:1712-1719. [PMID: 30329014 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Feed efficiency is an important trait for sustainable beef production that is regulated by the complex biological process, but the mode of action behinds it has not been clearly defined. Here, we aimed to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of this trait through studying the landscape of the genome-wide gene expression of rumen, liver, muscle and backfat tissues, the key ones involved in the energy metabolism. RESULTS The transcriptome of 189 samples across four tissues from 48 beef steers with varied feed efficiency were generated using Illumina HiSeq4000. The analysis of global gene expression profiles of four tissues, functional analysis of tissue-shared and -unique genes, co-expressed network construction of tissue-shared genes, weighted correlations analysis between gene modules and feed efficiency-related traits in each tissue were performed. Among four tissues, the transcriptome of muscle tissue was distinctive from others, while those of rumen and backfat tissues were similar. The associations between co-expressed genes and feed efficiency related traits at single or all tissues level exhibited that the gene expression in the rumen, liver, muscle and backfat were the most correlated with feed conversion ratio, dry matter intake, average daily gain and residual feed intake, respectively. The 19 overlapped genes identified from the strongest module-trait relationships in four tissues are potential generic gene markers for feed efficiency. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The distribution of gene expression data can be accessed at https://www.cattleomics.com/transcriptome. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Zeng Sun
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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18
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Mukiibi R, Vinsky M, Keogh K, Fitzsimmons C, Stothard P, Waters SM, Li C. Liver transcriptome profiling of beef steers with divergent growth rate, feed intake, or metabolic body weight phenotypes1. J Anim Sci 2020; 97:4386-4404. [PMID: 31583405 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Average daily gain (ADG) and daily dry matter intake (DMI) are key determinants of beef industry profitability. These traits together with metabolic body weight (MWT) are combined as component traits to calculate residual feed intake (RFI), a common measure of feed efficiency in beef cattle. Recently, there have been significant efforts towards molecular genetic characterization of RFI through transcriptomic studies in different breeds and tissues. However, molecular mechanisms of RFI component traits still remain predominately unexplored. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated the hepatic transcriptomic profiles and their associations with ADG, DMI, and MWT in Angus, Charolais, and Kinsella Composite (KC) populations through global RNAseq analyses. In each population and for each trait, 12 steers with extreme phenotypes (n = 6 low and n = 6 high) were analyzed for differential gene expression. These animals were from 20 beef steers of each Angus, Charolais, and KC breed population that were initially selected for a transcriptome study of RFI. At a false discovery rate <0.05 and fold change >1.5, we identified 123, 102, and 78 differentially expressed (DE) genes between high- and low-ADG animals of Angus, Charolais, and KC populations, respectively. For DMI, 108, 180, and 156 DE genes were identified between high- and low-DMI from Angus, Charolais, and KC populations, respectively, while for MWT, 80, 82, and 84 genes were differentially expressed between high- and low-MWT animals in Angus, Charolais, and KC populations, respectively. The identified DE genes were largely breed specific (81.7% for ADG, 82.7% for DMI, and 83% for MWT), but were largely involved in the same biological functions across the breeds. Among the most enriched biological functions included metabolism of major nutrients (lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals), small molecule biochemistry, cellular movement, cell morphology, and cell-to-cell signaling and interaction. Notably, we identified multiple DE genes that are involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, and immune response pathways for the 3 studied traits. Thus, our findings present potential molecular genetic mechanisms and candidate genes that influence feed intake, growth, and MWT of beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Mukiibi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michael Vinsky
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - Kate Keogh
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, County Meath, Ireland
| | - Carolyn Fitzsimmons
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - Paul Stothard
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sinéad M Waters
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, County Meath, Ireland
| | - Changxi Li
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada
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19
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Lindholm-Perry AK, Freetly HC, Oliver WT, Rempel LA, Keel BN. Genes associated with body weight gain and feed intake identified by meta-analysis of the mesenteric fat from crossbred beef steers. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227154. [PMID: 31910243 PMCID: PMC6946124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenteric fat is a visceral fat depot that increases with cattle maturity and can be influenced by diet. There may be a relationship between the accumulation of mesenteric fat and feed efficiency in beef cattle. The purpose of this study was to identify genes that may be differentially expressed in steers with high and low BW gain and feed intake. RNA-Seq was used to evaluate the transcript abundance of genes in the mesenteric fat from a total of 78 steers collected over 5 different cohorts. A meta-analysis was used to identify genes involved with gain, feed intake or the interaction of both phenotypes. The interaction analysis identified 11 genes as differentially expressed. For the main effect of gain, a total of 87 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified (PADJ<0.05), and 24 were identified in the analysis for feed intake. Genes identified for gain were involved in functions and pathways including lipid metabolism, stress response/protein folding, cell proliferation/growth, axon guidance and inflammation. The genes for feed intake did not cluster into pathways, but some of the DEG for intake had functions related to inflammation, immunity, and/or signal transduction (JCHAIN, RIPK1, LY86, SPP1, LYZ, CD5, CD53, SRPX, and NF2). At PADJ<0.1, only 4 genes (OLFML3, LOC100300716, MRPL15, and PUS10) were identified as differentially expressed in two or more cohorts, highlighting the importance of evaluating the transcriptome of more than one group of animals and incorporating a meta-analysis. This meta-analysis has produced many mesenteric fat DEG that may be contributing to gain and feed intake in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K. Lindholm-Perry
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, United States Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Harvey C. Freetly
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, United States Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - William T. Oliver
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, United States Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Lea A. Rempel
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, United States Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Brittney N. Keel
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, United States Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, United States of America
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20
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Wood kraft pulp supplementation alters the rumen fermentation characteristics and epithelial transcriptomes in Holstein cattle during the high-grain diet challenge. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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Novak TE, Rodriguez-Zas SL, Southey BR, Starkey JD, Stockler RM, Alfaro GF, Moisá SJ. Jersey steer ruminal papillae histology and nutrigenomics with diet changes. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1694-1707. [PMID: 31483547 PMCID: PMC6899929 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The transition from a high forage to a high concentrate diet is an important milestone for beef cattle moving from a stocker system to the feedlot. However, little is known about how this transition affects the rumen epithelial gene expression. This study assessed the effects of the transition from a high forage to a high concentrate diet as well as the transition from a high concentrate to a high forage diet on a variety of genes as well as ruminal papillae morphology in rumen fistulated Jersey steers. Jersey steers (n = 5) were fed either a high forage diet (80% forage and 20% grain) and transitioned to a high concentrate diet (20% forage and 80% grain) or a high concentrate diet (40% forage and 60% grain) and transitioned to a high forage diet (100% forage). Papillae from the rumen were collected for histology and RT‐qPCR analysis. Body weight had a tendency for significant difference (p = .08). Histological analysis did not show changes in papillae length or width in steers transitioning from a high forage to a high concentrate diet or vice versa (p > .05). Genes related to cell membrane structure (CLDN1, CLDN4, DSG1), fatty acid metabolism (CPT1A, ACADSB), glycolysis (PFKL), ketogenesis (HMGCL, HMGCS2, ACAT1), lactate/pyruvate (LDHA), oxidative stress (NQO1), tissue growth (AKT3, EGFR, EREG, IGFBP5, IRS1) and the urea cycle (SLC14A1) were considered in this study. Overall, genes related to fatty acid metabolism (ACADSB) and growth and development (AKT3 and IGFBP5) had a tendency for a treatment × day on trial interaction effect. These profiles may be indicators of rumen epithelial adaptations in response to changes in diet. In conclusion, these results indicate that changes in the composition of the diet can alter the expression of genes with specific functions in rumen epithelial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor E Novak
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Bruce R Southey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Gastón F Alfaro
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Sonia J Moisá
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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22
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Higgins MG, Kenny DA, Fitzsimons C, Blackshields G, Coyle S, McKenna C, McGee M, Morris DW, Waters SM. The effect of breed and diet type on the global transcriptome of hepatic tissue in beef cattle divergent for feed efficiency. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:525. [PMID: 31242854 PMCID: PMC6593537 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5906-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Feed efficiency is an important economic and environmental trait in beef production, which can be measured in terms of residual feed intake (RFI). Cattle selected for low-RFI (feed efficient) have similar production levels but decreased feed intake, while also emitting less methane. RFI is difficult and expensive to measure and is not widely adopted in beef production systems. However, development of DNA-based biomarkers for RFI may facilitate its adoption in genomic-assisted breeding programmes. Cattle have been shown to re-rank in terms of RFI across diets and age, while also RFI varies by breed. Therefore, we used RNA-Seq technology to investigate the hepatic transcriptome of RFI-divergent Charolais (CH) and Holstein-Friesian (HF) steers across three dietary phases to identify genes and biological pathways associated with RFI regardless of diet or breed. Results Residual feed intake was measured during a high-concentrate phase, a zero-grazed grass phase and a final high-concentrate phase. In total, 322 and 33 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified across all diets for CH and HF steers, respectively. Three genes, GADD45G, HP and MID1IP1, were differentially expressed in CH when both the high-concentrate zero-grazed grass diet were offered. Two canonical pathways were enriched across all diets for CH steers. These canonical pathways were related to immune function. Conclusions The absence of common differentially expressed genes across all dietary phases and breeds in this study supports previous reports of the re-ranking of animals in terms of RFI when offered differing diets over their lifetime. However, we have identified biological processes such as the immune response and lipid metabolism as potentially associated with RFI divergence emphasising the previously reported roles of these biological processes with respect to RFI. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5906-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc G Higgins
- Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - David A Kenny
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Claire Fitzsimons
- Livestock Systems Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland.,Present address: Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and the Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Gordon Blackshields
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Séan Coyle
- Livestock Systems Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Clare McKenna
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Mark McGee
- Livestock Systems Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Derek W Morris
- Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sinéad M Waters
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland.
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23
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Hu R, Zou H, Wang Z, Cao B, Peng Q, Jing X, Wang Y, Shao Y, Pei Z, Zhang X, Xue B, Wang L, Zhao S, Zhou Y, Kong X. Nutritional Interventions Improved Rumen Functions and Promoted Compensatory Growth of Growth-Retarded Yaks as Revealed by Integrated Transcripts and Microbiome Analyses. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:318. [PMID: 30846981 PMCID: PMC6393393 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth retardation reduces the incomes of livestock farming. However, effective nutritional interventions to promote compensatory growth and the mechanisms involving digestive tract microbiomes and transcripts have yet to be elucidated. In this study, Qinghai plateau yaks, which frequently suffer from growth retardation due to malnutrition, were used as an experimental model. Young growth-retarded yaks were pastured (GRP), fed basal ration (GRB), fed basal ration addition cysteamine hydrochloride (CSH; GRBC) or active dry yeast (ADY; GRBY). Another group of growth normal yak was pastured as a positive control (GNP). After 60-day nutritional interventions, the results showed that the average daily gain (ADG) of GRB was similar to the level of GNP, and the growth rates of GRBC and GRBY were significantly higher than the level of GNP (P < 0.05). Basal rations addition of CSH or ADY either improved the serum biochemical indexes, decreased serum LPS concentration, facilitated ruminal epithelium development and volatile fatty acids (VFA) fermentation of growth-retarded yaks. Comparative transcriptome in rumen epithelium between growth-retarded and normal yaks identified the differentially expressed genes mainly enriched in immune system, digestive system, extracellular matrix and cell adhesion pathways. CSH addition and ADY addition in basal rations upregulated ruminal VFA absorption (SLC26A3, PAT1, MCT1) and cell junction (CLDN1, CDH1, OCLN) gene expression, and downregulated complement system (C2, C7) gene expression in the growth-retarded yaks. 16S rDNA results showed that CSH addition and ADY addition in basal rations increased the rumen beneficial bacterial populations (Prevotella_1, Butyrivibrio_2, Fibrobacter) of growth-retarded yaks. The correlation analysis identified that ruminal VFAs and beneficial bacteria abundance were significantly positively correlated with cell junction and VFA absorption gene expressions and negatively correlated with complement system gene expressions on the ruminal epithelium. Therefore, CSH addition and ADY addition in basal rations promoted rumen health and body growth of growth-retarded yaks, of which basal ration addition of ADY had the optimal growth-promoting effects. These results suggested that improving nutrition and probiotics addition is a more effective method to improve growth retardation caused by gastrointestinal function deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huawei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binghai Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Quanhui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Jing
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaqun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaoxi Pei
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bai Xue
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Suonan Zhao
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Haibei, China
| | - Yuqing Zhou
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Haibei, China
| | - Xiangying Kong
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Haibei, China
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Elolimy AA, Abdelmegeid MK, McCann JC, Shike DW, Loor JJ. Residual feed intake in beef cattle and its association with carcass traits, ruminal solid-fraction bacteria, and epithelium gene expression. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:67. [PMID: 30258628 PMCID: PMC6151901 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Residual feed intake (RFI) describes an animal’s feed efficiency independent of growth performance. The objective of this study was to determine differences in growth performance, carcass traits, major bacteria attached to ruminal solids-fraction, and ruminal epithelium gene expression between the most-efficient and the least-efficient beef cattle. One-hundred and forty-nine Red Angus cattle were allocated to three contemporary groups according to sex and herd origin. Animals were fed a finishing diet in confinement for 70 d to determine the RFI category for each. Within each group, the two most-efficient (n = 6; RFI coefficient = − 2.69 ± 0.58 kg dry matter intake (DMI)/d) and the two least-efficient animals (n = 6; RFI coefficient = 3.08 ± 0.55 kg DMI/d) were selected. Immediately after slaughter, ruminal solids-fraction and ruminal epithelium were collected for bacteria relative abundance and epithelial gene expression analyses, respectively, using real-time PCR. Results The most-efficient animals consumed less feed (P = 0.01; 5.03 kg less DMI/d) compared with the least-efficient animals. No differences (P > 0.10) in initial body weight (BW), final BW, and average daily gain (ADG) were observed between the two RFI classes. There were no significant RFI × sex effects (P > 0.10) on growth performance. Compared with the least-efficient group, hot carcass weight (HCW), ribeye area (REA), and kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (KPH) were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in the most-efficient cattle. No RFI × sex effect (P > 0.10) for carcass traits was detected between RFI groups. Of the 10 bacterial species evaluated, the most-efficient compared with least efficient cattle had greater (P ≤ 0.05) relative abundance of Eubacterium ruminantium, Fibrobacter succinogenes, and Megasphaera elsdenii, and lower (P ≤ 0.05) Succinimonas amylolytica and total bacterial density. No RFI × sex effect on ruminal bacteria was detected between RFI groups. Of the 34 genes evaluated in ruminal epithelium, the most-efficient cattle had greater (P ≤ 0.05) abundance of genes involved in VFA absorption, metabolism, ketogenesis, and immune/inflammation-response. The RFI × sex interactions indicated that responses in gene expression between RFI groups were due to differences in sex. Steers in the most-efficient compared with least-efficient group had greater (P ≤ 0.05) expression of SLC9A1, HIF1A, and ACO2. The most-efficient compared with least-efficient heifers had greater (P ≤ 0.05) mRNA expression of BDH1 and lower expression (P ≤ 0.05) of SLC9A2 and PDHA1. Conclusions The present study revealed that greater feed efficiency in beef cattle is associated with differences in bacterial species and transcriptional adaptations in the ruminal epithelium that might enhance nutrient delivery and utilization by tissues. The lack of RFI × sex interaction for growth performance and carcass traits indicates that sex may not play a major role in improving these phenotypes in superior RFI beef cattle. However, it is important to note that this result should not be considered a solid biomarker of efficient beef cattle prior to further examination due to the limited number of heifers compared with steers used in the study. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40104-018-0283-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Elolimy
- 1Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA.,2Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Mohamed K Abdelmegeid
- 1Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA.,2Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA.,3Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Joshua C McCann
- 2Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Daniel W Shike
- 2Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Juan J Loor
- 1Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA.,2Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA.,4Division of Nutritional Sciences, Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
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25
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Crocker Cunningham H, Cammack KM, Hales KE, Freetly HC, Lindholm-Perry AK. Differential transcript abundance in adipose tissue of mature beef cows during feed restriction and realimentation. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29534082 PMCID: PMC5849288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed costs account for over 70% of the annual expenditures in cow/calf production. During the production year the cow uses nutrients to support conceptus growth, milk production, work (grazing and locomotion), and maintenance requirements. The majority of the nutrients are used to support maintenance. Substrate cycling has been identified as one of the major contributors toward energy expenditure associated with maintenance in mature cows. The objective of this study was to determine whether beef cows that differ in the efficiency of weight gain differ in the relative abundance of transcripts for metabolic regulation in adipose tissue. Mature beef cows were subjected to feed restriction followed by ad libitum feed. Adipose tissue from twelve cows with high (n = 6) and low (n = 6) gain based on growth performance during the ad libitum feeding period was evaluated for transcriptome expression differences. A total of 496 genes were differentially expressed and passed Bonferroni correction for the animals with greater gain between restriction and realimentation and 491 genes were differentially expressed among animals with lesser gains between feed restriction and realimentation. Of these two differentially expressed gene lists, 144 genes were common between animals with greater and those with lesser gain. Enriched biological processes included the TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, respiratory electron transport chain and fatty acid metabolic processes. Specific to adipose tissue of low gaining animals was glycolysis and to high gain animals was coenzyme, steroid, cellular amino acid, nitrogen compound metabolic processes, and sensory perception. The oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial dysfunction and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways were commonly associated with the high gain animals between feed restriction and realimentation, as well as with the low gaining animals between the two time points. Unique to the high gaining animals were valine degradation and LPS/IL-1 mediated inhibition of RXR function pathways. In this discovery study, genes involved in lipid metabolism, mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation pathways appear to be critical to mature cows during times of abundant feed after feed restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristi M. Cammack
- University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America
- South Dakota State University West River Ag Center, Rapid City, SD, United States of America
| | - Kristin E. Hales
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, United States of America
| | - Harvey C. Freetly
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, United States of America
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26
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Liu Y, Albrecht E, Schering L, Kuehn C, Yang R, Zhao Z, Maak S. Agouti Signaling Protein and Its Receptors as Potential Molecular Markers for Intramuscular and Body Fat Deposition in Cattle. Front Physiol 2018; 9:172. [PMID: 29559925 PMCID: PMC5845533 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptome analyses of bovine muscle tissue differing in intramuscular fat (IMF) content identified agouti signaling protein (ASIP) as a promising candidate gene for fat deposition. The protein is secreted from adipocytes and may serve as a signaling molecule in cross-talk between adipocytes and muscle fibers or other cells. Known receptors for ASIP are the melanocortin receptors (e.g., MC4R) and attractin (ATRN). The present study was conducted to determine relationships between the expression of ASIP and its receptors in different bovine tissues with fat deposition. Adipose tissues, liver, and longissimus muscle tissue were collected from 246 F2-generation bulls (Charolais × Holstein cross) and gene expression was measured with RT-qPCR. During analysis of subcutaneous fat (SCF) of all bulls, 17 animals were identified with a transposon-derived transcript (Exon2C) inserted in the ASIP gene and dramatically increased ASIP mRNA levels. Significant correlations between normalized mRNA values of SCF and phenotypic traits related to fat deposition were found in bulls without Exon2C. Three retrospectively assigned groups [Exon2C, n = 17; high carcass fat (HCF), n = 20; low carcass fat (LCF), n = 20] were further analyzed to verify expression differences and elucidate molecular reasons. Expression of ASIP could be detected in isolated muscle fibers and adipocytes of Exon2C bulls in contrast to HCF and LCF bulls, indicating ectopic ASIP expression if the transposon is present. Among adipose tissues, highest ASIP mRNA levels were measured in SCF with significantly higher values in HCF compared to LCF bulls (1.6-fold, P < 0.05). However, the protein abundance was below the detection limit in all bulls. Potential ASIP receptors were detected in most investigated tissues. The expression of MC4R was higher and of ATRN was lower in several tissues of LCF compared to HCF bulls, whereas MC1R was not differentially expressed. Bulls of the Exon2C group had lower ATRN mRNA values than HCF and LCF bulls in perirenal fat (PF), but higher (P < 0.05) values in muscle. Receptors were also expressed in tissues where ASIP mRNA was not detected. Consequently, those tissues could be targets for ASIP if it circulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Liu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Elke Albrecht
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Lisa Schering
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Christa Kuehn
- Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Runjun Yang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Steffen Maak
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
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27
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Myer PR, Freetly HC, Wells JE, Smith TPL, Kuehn LA. Analysis of the gut bacterial communities in beef cattle and their association with feed intake, growth, and efficiency. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:3215-3224. [PMID: 28727105 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The impetus behind the global food security challenge is direct, with the necessity to feed almost 10 billion people by 2050. Developing a food-secure world, where people have access to a safe and sustainable food supply, is the principal goal of this challenge. To achieve this end, beef production enterprises must develop methods to produce more pounds of animal protein with less. Selection for feed-efficient beef cattle using genetic improvement technologies has helped to understand and improve the stayability and longevity of such traits within the herd. Yet genetic contributions to feed efficiency have been difficult to identify, and differing genetics, feed regimens, and environments among studies contribute to great variation and interpretation of results. With increasing evidence that hosts and their microbiomes interact in complex associations and networks, examining the gut microbial population variation in feed efficiency may lead to partially clarifying the considerable variation in the efficiency of feed utilization. The use of metagenomics and high-throughput sequencing has greatly impacted the study of the ruminant gut. The ability to interrogate these systems at great depth has permitted a greater understanding of the microbiological and molecular mechanisms involved in ruminant nutrition and health. Although the microbial communities of the reticulorumen have been well documented to date, our understanding of the populations within the gastrointestinal tract as a whole is limited. The composition and phylogenetic diversity of the gut microbial community are critical to the overall well-being of the host and must be determined to fully understand the relationship between the microbiomes within segments of the cattle gastrointestinal tract and feed efficiency, ADG, and ADFI. This review addresses recent research regarding the bacterial communities along the gastrointestinal tract of beef cattle; their association with ADG, ADFI, and feed efficiency; and the potential implications for beef production.
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28
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Nellore bulls ( Bos taurus indicus ) with high residual feed intake have increased the expression of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation in rumen epithelium. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Lindholm-Perry AK, Cunningham HC, Kuehn LA, Vallet JL, Keele JW, Foote AP, Cammack KM, Freetly HC. Relationships between the genes expressed in the mesenteric adipose tissue of beef cattle and feed intake and gain. Anim Genet 2017; 48:386-394. [PMID: 28568315 DOI: 10.1111/age.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mesenteric fat, a depot within the visceral fat, accumulates in cattle during maturation and finishing and may be a potential source of production inefficiency. The aim of this study was to determine whether the genes expressed in the mesenteric fat of steers were associated with body weight gain and feed intake. Sixteen steers chosen by their rank of distance from the bivariate mean for gain and feed intake were used for this study. Mesenteric fat was obtained and evaluated for differences in gene expression. A total of 1831 genes were identified as differentially expressed among steers with variation in feed intake and gain. Many of these genes were involved with metabolic processes such as proteolysis, transcription and translation. In addition, the Gene Ontology annotations including transport and localization were both over-represented among the differentially expressed genes. Pathway analysis was also performed on the differentially expressed genes. The superoxide radical degradation pathway was identified as over-represented based on the differential expression of the genes GPX7, SOD2 and TYRP1, suggesting a potential role for oxidative stress or inflammatory pathways among low gain-high intake animals. GPX7 and SOD2 were in lower transcript abundance, and TYRP1 was higher in transcript abundance among the low gain-high feed intake animals. The retinoate biosynthesis pathway was also enriched due to the differential expression of the genes AKR1C3, ALDH8A1, RDH8, RDH13 and SDR9C7. These genes were all more highly expressed in the low gain-high intake animals. The glycerol degradation and granzyme A signaling pathways were both associated with gain. Three glycerol kinase genes and the GZMA gene were differentially expressed among high vs. low gain animals. Mesenteric fat is a metabolically active tissue, and in this study, genes involved in proteolysis, transcription, translation, transport immune function, glycerol degradation and oxidative stress were differentially expressed among beef steers with variation in body weight gain and feed intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Lindholm-Perry
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - H C Cunningham
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82070, USA
| | - L A Kuehn
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - J L Vallet
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - J W Keele
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - A P Foote
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - K M Cammack
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82070, USA
| | - H C Freetly
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
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30
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Keogh K, Waters SM, Cormican P, Kelly AK, O’Shea E, Kenny DA. Effect of dietary restriction and subsequent re-alimentation on the transcriptional profile of bovine ruminal epithelium. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177852. [PMID: 28545102 PMCID: PMC5435337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Compensatory growth (CG) is utilised worldwide in beef production systems as a management approach to reduce feed costs. However the underlying biology regulating the expression of CG remains to be fully elucidated. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of dietary restriction and subsequent re-alimentation induced CG on the global gene expression profile of ruminal epithelial papillae. Holstein Friesian bulls (n = 60) were assigned to one of two groups: restricted feed allowance (RES; n = 30) for 125 days (Period 1) followed by ad libitum access to feed for 55 days (Period 2) or (ii) ad libitum access to feed throughout (ADLIB; n = 30). At the end of each period, 15 animals from each treatment were slaughtered and rumen papillae harvested. mRNA was isolated from all papillae samples collected. cDNA libraries were then prepared and sequenced. Resultant reads were subsequently analysed bioinformatically and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are defined as having a Benjamini-Hochberg P value of <0.05. During re-alimentation in Period 2, RES animals displayed CG, growing at 1.8 times the rate of their ADLIB contemporary animals in Period 2 (P < 0.001). At the end of Period 1, 64 DEGs were identified between RES and ADLIB, with only one DEG identified at the end of Period 2. When analysed within RES treatment (RES, Period 2 v Period 1), 411 DEGs were evident. Genes identified as differentially expressed in response to both dietary restriction and subsequent CG included those involved in processes such as cellular interactions and transport, protein folding and gene expression, as well as immune response. This study provides an insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the expression of CG in rumen papillae of cattle; however the results suggest that the role of the ruminal epithelium in supporting overall animal CG may have declined by day 55 of re-alimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Keogh
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Sinead M. Waters
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Paul Cormican
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Alan K. Kelly
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emma O’Shea
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - David A. Kenny
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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31
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Reynolds JG, Foote AP, Freetly HC, Oliver WT, Lindholm-Perry AK. Relationships between inflammation- and immunity-related transcript abundance in the rumen and jejunum of beef steers with divergent average daily gain. Anim Genet 2017; 48:447-449. [PMID: 28220507 DOI: 10.1111/age.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The bovine rumen papillae are in contact with a wide array of microorganisms and the metabolites they produce, which may activate an inflammatory and/or immune response. Cytokines, chemokines and their receptor genes were tested for differential expression in the rumen and jejunum of beef steers with greater and lesser average daily body weight gain (ADG) near the average daily dry matter intake (DMI) for the population. Angus-sired steers (n = 16) were used to represent the greater (ADG = 2.2 ± 0.07 kg/day; DMI = 10.1 ± 0.05 kg/day) and lesser (ADG = 1.7 ± 0.05 kg/day; DMI = 10.1 ± 0.05 kg/day) ADG groups with eight steers each. Rumen epithelium and jejunum mucosal samples were collected at slaughter, and gene expression was evaluated using a commercially available qRT-PCR array containing 84 genes representing chemokines, cytokines and their receptors. None of the genes on the array were differentially expressed in the jejunum of the steers with greater vs. lesser ADG. However, in the rumen, two chemokine genes (CCL11, CXCL5) and one receptor gene (IL10RA) were detected as differentially expressed (P < 0.05). The genes IL1A, BMP2, CXCL12 and TNFSF13 also displayed trends for differential expression (P < 0.10). All of the genes identified were lower in transcript abundance in the greater ADG animals. Thus, greater ADG steers have a lesser inflammatory response in the rumen papillae, which may lead to a more efficient use of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Reynolds
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933-0166, USA
| | - A P Foote
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933-0166, USA
| | - H C Freetly
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933-0166, USA
| | - W T Oliver
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933-0166, USA
| | - A K Lindholm-Perry
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933-0166, USA
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32
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Lindholm-Perry AK, Kern RJ, Keel BN, Snelling WM, Kuehn LA, Freetly HC. Profile of the Spleen Transcriptome in Beef Steers with Variation in Gain and Feed Intake. Front Genet 2016; 7:127. [PMID: 27504120 PMCID: PMC4958634 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously identified components of the immune system contributing to feed intake and gain in both the rumen and small intestine of beef steers. In this study, we examined the spleen, a major lymphatic organ near the digestive tract, to determine whether it was also influencing individual feed efficiency status through immune responses. Animals (n = 16) that were divergent for gain and intake were selected for tissue sampling. The spleen transcriptomes were evaluated by microarray. A total of 1216 genes were identified as differentially expressed. Genes were over-represented in Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways including biological regulation, protein folding, cell communication, immune systems process, response to stress, and RNA metabolic process. Several stress response or heat shock genes including HSPH1, HSPA1A, HSPA4, DNAJB4, DNAJA4, etc., were identified as a stress response functional gene cluster in the low gain-low intake animals. These genes were up-regulated amongst the low gain-low intake animals compared to all other groups. Canonical pathways associated with the differentially expressed genes included the coagulation system, extrinsic prothrombin activation, protein ubiquitination, unfolded protein response, and aldosterone signaling in epithelial cells. An analysis of expressed copy number variable (CNV) genes in the spleen produced some of the same genes and gene families that were differentially expressed. Our data suggests the splenic contribution to some of the underlying variation among gain and intake within this group of animals may be a result of immune function and stress response. In addition, some of the differences in immune response functions may be related to gene copy number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Lindholm-Perry
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture Clay Center, NE, USA
| | - Rebecca J Kern
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture Clay Center, NE, USA
| | - Brittney N Keel
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture Clay Center, NE, USA
| | - Warren M Snelling
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture Clay Center, NE, USA
| | - Larry A Kuehn
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture Clay Center, NE, USA
| | - Harvey C Freetly
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture Clay Center, NE, USA
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Lindholm-Perry AK, Butler AR, Kern RJ, Hill R, Kuehn LA, Wells JE, Oliver WT, Hales KE, Foote AP, Freetly HC. Differential gene expression in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum among crossbred beef steers with divergent gain and feed intake phenotypes. Anim Genet 2016; 47:408-27. [PMID: 27226174 DOI: 10.1111/age.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Small intestine mass and cellularity were previously associated with cattle feed efficiency. The small intestine is responsible for the digestion of nutrients and absorption of fatty acids, amino acids and carbohydrates, and it contributes to the overall feed efficiency of cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate transcriptome differences among the small intestine from cattle with divergent gain and feed intake. Animals most divergent from the bivariate mean in each of the four phenotypic Cartesian quadrants for gain × intake were selected, and the transcriptomes of duodenum, jejunum and ileum were evaluated. Gene expression analyses were performed comparing high gain vs. low gain animals, high intake vs. low intake animals and each of the phenotypic quadrants to all other groups. Genes differentially expressed within the high gain-low intake and low gain-high intake groups of animals included those involved in immune function and inflammation in all small intestine sections. The high gain-high intake group differed from the high gain-low intake group by immune response genes in all sections of the small intestine. In all sections of small intestine, animals with low gain-low intake displayed greater abundance of heat-shock genes compared to other groups. Several over-represented pathways were identified. These include the antigen-processing/presentation pathway in high gain animals and PPAR signaling, starch/sucrose metabolism, retinol metabolism and melatonin degradation pathways in the high intake animals. Genes with functions in immune response, inflammation, stress response, influenza pathogenesis and melatonin degradation pathways may have a relationship with gain and intake in beef steers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Lindholm-Perry
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - A R Butler
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - R J Kern
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - R Hill
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - L A Kuehn
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - J E Wells
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - W T Oliver
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - K E Hales
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - A P Foote
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - H C Freetly
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
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