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Shao Y, Hu X, Yang Z, Lia T, Yang W, Wu K, Ren S, Xiong S, Dou W, Feng S, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wu K, Li X. Prognostic factors of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a study based on next-generation sequencing. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:23. [PMID: 33407469 PMCID: PMC7789352 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the genetic prognostic factors for the recurrence of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Materials and methods The patients underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor and received bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) or epirubicin. Next-generation sequencing was performed and alterations of genes, pathways, and tumor mutation burden were recorded. Associations between these clinicopathological and genetic variants were estimated, and prognostic factor identified. Results A total of 58 cases were included in our study, and 46 patients underwent treatment with BCG. FGFR3 was the most frequently altered gene (48%), and more commonly detected in intermediate-risk patients. Univariate Cox analysis demonstrated that 10 genes were significantly correlated with BCG failure, while NEB, FGFR1 and SDHC were independent recurrence predictors. Besides, epigenetic-related gene pathway mutations were negatively correlated with recurrence (hazard ratio: 0.198, P = 0.023). DNA damage response and repair gene alterations were positively correlated with tumor burden, while altered TP53 was most frequent among these genes and significant correlated with high tumor burden. Conclusion BCG instillation significantly reduced the rate of recurrence compared with epirubicin in this population. Potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets were found with the help of next-generation sequencing; correlations between DDR genes alterations and high tumor mutation burden were also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiang Shao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 GuoXueXiang, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Hu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 GuoXueXiang, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 GuoXueXiang, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Thongher Lia
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 GuoXueXiang, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixiao Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 GuoXueXiang, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Wu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 GuoXueXiang, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangqing Ren
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 GuoXueXiang, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Robot Minimally Invasive Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sanchao Xiong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 GuoXueXiang, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Weichao Dou
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 GuoXueXiang, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyang Feng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 GuoXueXiang, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 GuoXueXiang, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 GuoXueXiang, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Wu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 GuoXueXiang, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 GuoXueXiang, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Abstract
The identification of mutations in FGFR3 in bladder tumors in 1999 led to major interest in this receptor and during the subsequent 20 years much has been learnt about the mutational profiles found in bladder cancer, the phenotypes associated with these and the potential of this mutated protein as a target for therapy. Based on mutational and expression data, it is estimated that >80% of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers (NMIBC) and ∼40% of muscle-invasive bladder cancers (MIBC) have upregulated FGFR3 signalling, and these frequencies are likely to be even higher if alternative splicing of the receptor, expression of ligands and changes in regulatory mechanisms are taken into account. Major efforts by the pharmaceutical industry have led to development of a range of agents targeting FGFR3 and other FGF receptors. Several of these have entered clinical trials, and some have presented very encouraging early results in advanced bladder cancer. Recent reviews have summarised the drugs and related clinical trials in this area. This review will summarise what is known about the effects of FGFR3 and its mutant forms in normal urothelium and bladder tumors, will suggest when and how this protein contributes to urothelial cancer pathogenesis and will highlight areas that may benefit from further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. Knowles
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
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5
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Zangouei AS, Barjasteh AH, Rahimi HR, Mojarrad M, Moghbeli M. Role of tyrosine kinases in bladder cancer progression: an overview. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:127. [PMID: 32795296 PMCID: PMC7427778 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00625-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer (BCa) is a frequent urothelial malignancy with a high ratio of morbidity and mortality. Various genetic and environmental factors are involved in BCa progression. Since, majority of BCa cases are diagnosed after macroscopic clinical symptoms, it is required to find efficient markers for the early detection. Receptor tyrosine-kinases (RTKs) and non-receptor tyrosine-kinases (nRTKs) have pivotal roles in various cellular processes such as growth, migration, differentiation, and metabolism through different signaling pathways. Tyrosine-kinase deregulations are observed during tumor progressions via mutations, amplification, and chromosomal abnormalities which introduces these factors as important candidates of anti-cancer therapies. Main body For the first time in present review we have summarized all of the reported tyrosine-kinases which have been significantly associated with the clinicopathological features of BCa patients. Conclusions This review highlights the importance of tyrosine-kinases as critical markers in early detection and therapeutic purposes among BCa patients and clarifies the molecular biology of tyrosine-kinases during BCa progression and metastasis. Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sadra Zangouei
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Barjasteh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rahimi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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7
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Zhen C, Huang J, Lu J. MicroRNA-652 inhibits the biological characteristics of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by directly targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor 1. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:4473-4480. [PMID: 31777550 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are dysregulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Changes in miRNA expression may be associated with ESCC formation and progression. Therefore, the identification of ESCC-associated miRNAs may facilitate the development of effective therapeutic approaches for patients with ESCC. Recently, miRNA-652 (miR-652) was recognized as a cancer-associated miRNA in a number of different types of cancer. However, the expression status and roles of miR-652 in ESCC as well as the molecular mechanisms modulated or altered by it remain largely unknown. In the present study, it was demonstrated that miR-652 was downregulated in ESCC tissues and cell lines. Functional assays showed that upregulation of miR-652 expression decreased proliferation and invasion of ESCC cells. Mechanistically, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) was determined to be a direct target of miR-652 in ESCC cells. Additionally, FGFR1 was upregulated in ESCC tissues, and the expression of FGFR1 was inversely correlated with miR-652 expression. Furthermore, restoring FGFR1 expression abolished the suppressive effects of miR-652 overexpression on the proliferation and invasion of ESCC cells. These findings demonstrated that miR-652 inhibits the proliferation and invasion of ESCC cells by directly targeting FGFR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Jingshan Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Jibin Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
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8
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Sanguedolce F, Russo D, Calò B, Cindolo L, Carrieri G, Cormio L. Diagnostic and prognostic roles of CK20 in the pathology of urothelial lesions. A systematic review. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152413. [PMID: 30987832 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytokeratin 20 (CK20) is one of the most common immunohistochemical markers in the routine practice of a pathology lab, as biopsies from the urinary tract encompass a wide spectrum of lesions which may pose issues in their detection and classification. In this review, we aim to outline the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value of CK20 in flat urothelial lesions, papillary non-invasive and invasive urothelial carcinoma, molecular subgroups and variant histology, and we briefly discuss its limitations and potential pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Russo
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Foggia, Italy
| | - Beppe Calò
- Urology and Renal Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luca Cindolo
- Department of Urology, ASL Abruzzo 2, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrieri
- Urology and Renal Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi Cormio
- Urology and Renal Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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9
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Z OA, J TB, Sa S, Mr P, F M, R M, G P. Differential Expression of FGFRs Signaling Pathway Components in Bladder Cancer: A Step Toward Personalized Medicine. Balkan J Med Genet 2017; 20:75-82. [PMID: 29876236 PMCID: PMC5972506 DOI: 10.1515/bjmg-2017-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Variations Improper activation and inappropriate expression of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) in cancer suggests that they can act as therapeutic targets. Fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors are currently employed in clinical trials of different cancers. Regarding the essence and the importance of the personalized medicine, mainly mirrored by remarkable inter-individual variations in different populations, we aimed to perform a pilot study to address FGFR1 and FGFR3 expression levels and their correlation with the clinicopathological features in Iranian patients with bladder cancer (BC). Paired tumor and adjacent non tumor tissue samples along with their clinico-pathological parameters were obtained from 50 cases diagnosed with BC in different stages and grades. The mRNA expressions of FGFR1 and FGFR3 in tissue samples were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). The expression levels of FGFR3 were significantly higher in tumor tissues when compared to adjacent normal tissues (p = 0.007), regardless of the stages and grades of the tumor. Over expression was associated with cigarette smoking (p = 0.037) and family history for cancer (p = 0.004). Decreased expression of FGFR1 was observed, remarkably evident in high-grade tumors (p = 0.047), while over expression was detected in low-grade samples. This pilot study clearly suggests that in Iranian BC patients FGFR1 and FGFR3 expression patterns are different, and also highly distinctive with regard to the tumor’s stage and grade. Such particular expression patterns may indicate their special values to be employed for interventional studies aiming targeted therapy. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed to validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousati Ashtiani Z
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tavakkoly-Bazzaz J
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salami Sa
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pourmand Mr
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansouri F
- Department of Medical Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mashahdi R
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pourmand G
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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