Susceptibility of multiple polymorphisms in ADIPOQ , ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 genes to myocardial infarction in Han Chinese

Role of Adiponectin Gene and Receptor Polymorphisms and Their mRNA Levels with Serum Adiponectin Level in Myocardial Infarction

Background and Aim

Genetic factors are vital participants in the development and progression of myocardial infarction (MI). Adiponectin has been assumed to have a protective role in MI and adiponectin receptors variants could be a determinant for atherosclerosis. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ADIPOQ (rs2241766) and ADIPOR2 (rs10773989) polymorphisms and their association with mRNA levels and circulatory adiponectin levels in patients with MI.

Subjects and Methods

A total of 220 participants were classified into two groups: group 1 included 120 patients with MI, and group 2 involved 100 healthy participants as controls. Genotyping of ADIPOQ (rs2241766) and ADIPOR2 (rs10773989) polymorphisms were analyzed using an allele discrimination assay with real-time PCR and their relative expression or mRNA levels were determined by real-time PCR. Serum adiponectin level was determined using an ELISA technique.

Results

The ADIPOQ rs2241766 GG genotype and G allele and the CC genotype and C allele of ADIPOR2 rs10773989 were significantly prevalent in patients with MI and associated with increased risk of MI. We detected a marked reduction in serum adiponectin, ADIPOQ and ADIPOR2 mRNA levels in patients than control. The GG genotype of ADIPOQ rs2241766 and the CC genotype of ADIPOR2 rs10773989 had the lowest levels of their mRNA and adiponectin level in both patients and controls.

Conclusion

Adiponectin gene and receptor variants are potentially related to MI risk; furthermore, their expressions were markedly depressed in MI which suggests their use as potential biomarkers for MI.

Association of genetic defects in the apelin-AGTRL1 system with myocardial infarction risk in Han Chinese

We aimed to test the hypothesis that apelin (APLN) and its receptor AGTRL1 (APLNR) genes may contribute to the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction in Han Chinese. This is a hospital-based, case-control association study, involving 1067 patients with myocardial infarction and 942 healthy controls. Myocardial infarction is diagnosed by electrocardiogram or anatomopathological examination. Eight polymorphisms in APLN gene and 5 in APLNR gene were genotyped using the TaqMan assay. Risk was summarized as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). In males, rs56204867-G allele (adjusted OR, 95% CI, p: 0.21, 0.08-0.55, 0.002) and rs2235309-T allele (0.60, 0.42-0.84, 0.004) was associated with a significantly reduced risk of myocardial infarction, and the mutations of rs2235310 was associated with an increased risk (1.41, 1.06-2.52, 0.021), as well as for rs948847-GG genotype (1.85, 1.23-2.91, 0.007). In females, the presence of rs56204867-AG and -GG genotypes was significantly associated with 44% and 50% reduced risk (0.56 and 0.50, 0.40-8.04 and 0.29-0.86, 0.007 and 0.036), respectively; for rs2235310, CC genotype was associated with 72% increased risk (1.72, 1.09-3.22, 0.016), and the odds of myocardial infarction was 3.47 for rs9943582-TT genotype (95% CI: 1.53-7.57, 0.009). The gender-specific association of APLN and APLNR genes with myocardial infarction was reinforced by further linkage and haplotype analyses. Finally, nomograms based on significant polymorphisms are satisfactory, with the C-indexes over 80% for both genders. Taken together, our findings indicate that APLN and APLNR genes are potential candidates in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction in Han Chinese, and importantly their contribution is gender-dependent.

Effects of ADIPOQ polymorphisms on individual susceptibility to coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis

Whether adiponectin (ADIPOQ) polymorphisms affect individual susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD) remains controversial. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to better analyse associations between ADIPOQ polymorphisms and CAD. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and CNKI were searched for eligible studies. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Totally, 51 studies were eligible for analyses. In overall analyses, significant associations with the susceptibility to CAD were detected for rs266729 (overdominant model: p= 0.03, OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.01–1.22), rs822395 (recessive model: p= 0.007, OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.05–1.40) and rs2241766 (dominant model: p= 0.0009, OR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.92; recessive model: p= 0.04, OR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.02–1.64; allele model: p< 0.0001, OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.73–0.88) polymorphisms. Further subgroup analyses by ethnicity revealed that rs1501299 polymorphism was significantly associated with the susceptibility to CAD in East Asians, while rs2241766 polymorphism was significantly associated with the susceptibility to CAD in Caucasians, East Asians and South Asians. In summary, our findings indicated that rs266729, rs822395, rs1501299 and rs2241766 polymorphisms were all significantly associated with the susceptibility to CAD in certain populations.

Inhibition of miR-19a protects neurons against ischemic stroke through modulating glucose metabolism and neuronal apoptosis

Background

Accumulating evidence has shown that altered microRNA (miR) modulation is implicated in the pathologies of ischemic stroke. However, it is unclear whether and how hsa-miR-19a-3p mediates cerebral ischemic injury. Herein, we investigated the functional role of miR-19a-3p in cerebral ischemic injury and explored its underlying regulatory mechanism.

Methods

In vivo ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) neuronal injury and in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) were established. Expression of miR-19a-3p was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Glucose uptake, lactate production, and apoptosis were determined. ADIPOR2 was predicted as a target of miR-19a-3p in silico and experimentally validated by qRT-PCR, Western blot analysis and luciferase assay assays.

Results

MiR-19a expression was significantly downregulated and upregulated in rat neurons and astrocytes, respectively (P < 0.01). A significantly elevated level of miR-19a-3p was found in I/R and OGD models in comparison to sham/control groups (P < 0.01). Expression of the glycolysis enzyme markers LDHA, PKM2, HK2, Glut1 and PDK1, apoptosis-related factors levels, apoptosis, glucose uptake, and lactate production were significantly repressed by both I/R and OGD (P < 0.01 in each case). Moreover, miR-19a-3p mimic aggravated, while miR-19a-3p inhibitor alleviated, the above observations. Adipor2 was predicted and confirmed to be a direct target of miR-19a. Furthermore, restoration of Adipor2 reversed miR-19a-3p-induced effects.

Conclusions

Collectively, our results indicate that elevated miR-19a-3p mediates cerebral ischemic injury by targeting ADIPOR2. MiR-19a-3p attenuation thus might offer hope of a novel therapeutic target for ischemic stroke injury treatment.

Association of lncRNA polymorphisms with triglyceride and total cholesterol levels among myocardial infarction patients in Chinese population

AIM

The long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have gradually been reported to be an important class of RNAs with pivotal roles in the development and progression of myocardial infarction (MI). In this study, we hypothesized that genetic variant of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B antisense RNA (ANRIL) and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) may affect the prognosis of MI patients.

METHODS

The study included 401 Han Chinese MI patients and 409 controls. Four lncRNA tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)-ANRIL rs9632884 and rs1537373, MALAT1 rs619586 and rs3200401-were selected. SNP genotyping was performed by an improved multiplex ligation detection reaction assay.

RESULTS

rs9632884 and rs3200401 SNPs were significantly associated with lipid levels in both controls and MI patients (P < 0.003-0.046). Several SNPs interacted with sex and age to modify total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and creatinine levels to modify the risk of MI. No association between the lncRNAs SNPs and susceptibility to MI was found (P > 0.05 for all).

CONCLUSIONS

Taken together, this study provides additional evidence that genetic variation of the ANRIL rs9632884 and MALAT1 rs3200401 can mediate lipid levels in MI patients.

Associations between ADIPOQ polymorphisms and coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis

Background

Whether adiponectin (ADIPOQ) polymorphisms are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) remain controversial. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to better explore potential roles of ADIPOQ polymorphisms in CAD.

Methods

PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and CNKI were searched for eligible studies. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

Results

Totally 45 studies were included for pooled analyses. A significant association with the susceptibility to CAD was detected for rs2241766 (dominant model: p = 0.0009, OR = 0.82, 95%CI 0.73–0.92; recessive model: p = 0.04, OR = 1.29, 95%CI 1.02–1.64; allele model: p < 0.0001, OR = 0.80, 95%CI 0.73–0.88) polymorphism in overall population. Further subgroup analyses by ethnicity showed that rs1501299 polymorphism was significantly associated with the susceptibility to CAD in East Asians, whereas rs2241766 polymorphism was significantly associated with the susceptibility to CAD in Caucasians, East Asians and South Asians.

Conclusions

Our findings indicated that rs1501299 and rs2241766 polymorphisms both affect the susceptibility to CAD in certain populations.

Epistasis between ADIPOQ rs1501299 and PON1 rs662 polymorphisms is potentially associated with the development of knee osteoarthritis

Overweight produces oxidative stress (OS) on the articular cartilage, with the subsequent risk of developing knee osteoarthritis (OA). Associations between genetic polymorphisms related to OS and OA have been reported, but it is currently unknown whether there exist interactions among them that affect OA development. To identify and evaluate interactions between multiple SNPs related to OS in Mexican knee OA patients. Ninety-two knee OA patients were included in the study, which were compared to 147 healthy controls. Nine variants of six genes (PEPD, AGER, IL6, ADIPOQ, PON1, and CA6) related to OS were genotyped in both study groups through the OpenArray system. Epistasis was analyzed with the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. The MDR analysis revealed a significant interaction (p = 0.0107) between polymorphisms rs1501299 (ADIPOQ) and rs662 (PON1), with an entropy value of 9.84%; in addition, high and low risk genotypes were identified between these two polymorphisms. The effect of the interaction between rs1501299 (ADIPOQ) and rs662 (PON1) polymorphisms seems to play an important role in OA pathogenesis; so the epistasis analysis may provide an excellent tool for identifying individuals at high risk for developing OA.